ABSTRACT We analyzed near-infrared data of the nearby galaxy IC5063 taken with the Very Large Telescope SINFONI instrument. IC5063 is an elliptical galaxy that has a radio jet nearly aligned with the ...major axis of a gas disk in its center. The data reveal multiple signatures of molecular and atomic gas that has been kinematically distorted by the passage of the jet plasma or cocoon within an area of ∼1 kpc2. Concrete evidence that the interaction of the jet with the gas causes the gas to accelerate comes from the detection of outflows in four different regions along the jet trail: near the two radio lobes, between the radio emission tip and the optical narrow-line-region cone, and at a region with diffuse 17.8 GHz emission midway between the nucleus and the north radio lobe. The outflow in the latter region is biconical, centered 240 pc away from the nucleus, and oriented perpendicularly to the jet trail. The diffuse emission that is observed as a result of the gas entrainment or scattering unfolds around the trail and away from the nucleus with increasing velocity. It overall extends for 700 pc parallel and perpendicular to the trail. Near the outflow starting points, the gas has a velocity excess of 600-1200 km s−1 with respect to ordered motions, as seen in Fe ii, , or lines. High (1-0) S(3)/S(1) flux ratios indicate non-thermal excitation of gas in the diffuse outflow.
We present NuSTAR observations of neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries: 4U 1636-53, GX 17+2, and 4U 1705-44. We observed 4U 1636-53 in the hard state, with an Eddington fraction, , of 0.01; GX ...17+2 and 4U 1705-44 were in the soft state with fractions of 0.57 and 0.10, respectively. Each spectrum shows evidence for a relativistically broadened Fe K line. Through accretion disk reflection modeling, we constrain the radius of the inner disk in 4U 1636-53 to be ISCO (innermost stable circular orbit), assuming a dimensionless spin parameter , and ISCO for (errors quoted at 1 ). This value proves to be model independent. For and , for example, 1.08 0.06 ISCO translates to a physical radius of km, and the NS would have to be smaller than this radius (other outcomes are possible for allowed spin parameters and masses). For GX 17+2, ISCO for and ISCO for . For and , ISCO translates to km. The inner accretion disk in 4U 1705-44 may be truncated just above the stellar surface, perhaps by a boundary layer or magnetosphere; reflection models give a radius of 1.46-1.64 ISCO for and 1.69-1.93 ISCO for . We discuss the implications our results may have on the equation of state of ultradense, cold matter and our understanding of the innermost accretion flow onto NSs with low surface magnetic fields, and systematic errors related to the reflection models and spacetime metric around less idealized NSs.
Coral reef ecosystems have suffered an unprecedented loss of habitat-forming hard corals in recent decades. While marine conservation has historically focused on passive habitat protection, demand ...for and interest in active restoration has been growing in recent decades. However, a disconnect between coral restoration practitioners, coral reef managers and scientists has resulted in a disjointed field where it is difficult to gain an overview of existing knowledge. To address this, we aimed to synthesise the available knowledge in a comprehensive global review of coral restoration methods, incorporating data from the peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with grey literature and through a survey of coral restoration practitioners. We found that coral restoration case studies are dominated by short-term projects, with 60% of all projects reporting less than 18 months of monitoring of the restored sites. Similarly, most projects are relatively small in spatial scale, with a median size of restored area of 100 m2. A diverse range of species are represented in the dataset, with 229 different species from 72 coral genera. Overall, coral restoration projects focused primarily on fast-growing branching corals (59% of studies), and report survival between 60 and 70%. To date, the relatively young field of coral restoration has been plagued by similar 'growing pains' as ecological restoration in other ecosystems. These include 1) a lack of clear and achievable objectives, 2) a lack of appropriate and standardised monitoring and reporting and, 3) poorly designed projects in relation to stated objectives. Mitigating these will be crucial to successfully scale up projects, and to retain public trust in restoration as a tool for resilience based management. Finally, while it is clear that practitioners have developed effective methods to successfully grow corals at small scales, it is critical not to view restoration as a replacement for meaningful action on climate change.
Abstract Fragile-X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the transcriptional repression of the Fmr1 gene resulting in loss of the Fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP). This leads to cognitive impairment ...in both male and female patients, however few studies have focused on the impact of FXS in females. Significant cognitive impairment has been reported in approximately 35% of women who exhibit a heterozygous Fmr1 gene mutation, however to date there is a paucity of information regarding the mechanistic underpinnings of these deficits. We, and others, have recently reported that there is significant impairment in N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male Fmr1 knock out mice. Here we examined if female mice displaying a heterozygous loss of the Fmr1 gene ( Fmr1 ± ) would exhibit similar impairments in DG-dependent spatial memory processing and NMDAR hypofunction. We found that Female Fmr1 ± mice did not show impaired metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-LTD in the CA1 region, and could perform well on a temporal ordering task that is thought to involve this brain region. In contrast, female Fmr1 ± mice showed impairments in a pattern separation task thought to involve the DG, and also displayed a significant impairment in both NMDAR-dependent LTD and LTP in this region. The LTP impairment could be rescued by administering the NMDAR co-agonist, glycine. Our data suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in the DG may partly contribute to learning and memory impairment in female Fmr1 ± mice. Targeting NMDAR-dependent mechanisms may offer hope as a new therapeutic approach for treating female FXS patients with learning and memory impairments.
Abstract The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an important regulator of protein translation, and a lack of FMRP expression leads to a cognitive disorder known as fragile X syndrome ...(FXS). Clinical symptoms characterizing FXS include learning impairments and heightened anxiety in response to stressful situations. Here, we report that, in response to acute stress, mice lacking FMRP show a faster elevation of corticosterone and a more immediate impairment in N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG). These stress-induced LTP impairments were rescued by administering the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU38486. Administration of RU38486 also enhanced LTP in Fmr1−/y mice in the absence of acute stress to wild-type levels, and this enhancement was blocked by application of the NMDAR antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. These results suggest that a loss of FMPR results in enhanced GR signaling that may adversely affect NMDAR dependent synaptic plasticity in the DG.
Background
Patient safety is one of the cornerstones of high‐quality healthcare systems. Evidence‐based practice is one way to improve patient safety from the nursing perspective. Another aspect of ...care that directly influences patient safety is missed nursing care. However, research on possible associations between evidence‐based practice and missed nursing care is lacking.
Aim
The aim of this study was to examine associations between registered nurses' educational level, the capability beliefs and use of evidence‐based practice, and missed nursing care.
Methods
This study had a cross‐sectional design. A total of 228 registered nurses from adult inpatient wards at a university hospital participated. Data were collected with the MISSCARE Survey‐Swedish version of Evidence‐Based Practice Capabilities Beliefs Scale.
Results
Most missed nursing care was reported within the subscales Basic Care and Planning. Nurses holding a higher educational level and being low evidence‐based practice users reported significantly more missed nursing care. They also scored significantly higher on the Evidence‐based Practice Capabilities Beliefs Scale. The analyses showed a limited explanation of the variance of missed nursing care and revealed that being a high user of evidence‐based practice indicated less reported missed nursing care, while a higher educational level meant more reported missed nursing care.
Linking evidence to action
Most missed nursing care was reported within the subscales Planning and Basic Care. Thus, nursing activities are deprioritized in comparison to medical activities. Nurses holding a higher education reported more missed nursing care, indicating that higher education entails deeper knowledge of the consequences when rationing nursing care. They also reported varied use of evidence‐based practice, showing that higher education is not the only factor that matters. To decrease missed nursing care in clinical practice, and thereby increase the quality of care, educational level, use of evidence‐based practice, and organizational factors must be considered.
We perform the first reflection study of the soft X-ray transient and Type 1 burst source XTE J1709-267 using NuSTAR observations during its 2016 June outburst. There was an increase in flux near the ...end of the observations, which corresponds to an increase from ∼0.04 L Edd to ∼0.06 L Edd assuming a distance of 8.5 kpc. We have separately examined spectra from the low- and high-flux intervals, which are soft and show evidence of a broad Fe K line. Fits to these intervals with relativistic disk reflection models have revealed an inner-disk radius of \({13.8}_{-1.8}^{+3.0}\ {R}_{g}\) (where \({R}_{g}={GM}/{c}^{2}\)) for the low-flux spectrum and \({23.4}_{-5.4}^{+15.6}\,{R}_{g}\) for the high-flux spectrum at the 90% confidence level. The disk is likely truncated by a boundary layer surrounding the neutron star (NS) or the magnetosphere. Based on the measured luminosity and the accretion efficiency for a disk around an NS, we estimate that the theoretically expected size for the boundary layer would be \(\sim 0.9\mbox{--}1.1\,{R}_{g}\) from the NS’s surface, which can be increased by spin or viscosity effects. Another plausible scenario is that the disk could be truncated by the magnetosphere. We place a conservative upper limit on the strength of the magnetic field at the poles (assuming \({a}_{* }=0\) and \({M}_{\mathrm{NS}}=1.4{M}_{\odot }\)) of \(B\leqslant 0.75-3.70\times {10}^{9}\) G, though X-ray pulsations have not been detected from this source.
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and results from a loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is important for mRNA shuttling and ...translational control and binds to proteins important for synaptic plasticity. Like many developmental disorders, FXS is associated with alterations in synaptic plasticity that may impair learning and memory processes in the brain. However, it remains unclear whether FMRP plays a ubiquitous role in synaptic plasticity in all brain regions. We report that a loss of FMRP leads to impairments in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG), but not in the cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) subregion of the hippocampus of adult mice. DG-specific deficits are accompanied by a significant reduction in NMDAR GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunit levels and reduced serine 831 GluA1 phosphorylation specifically in this region. Importantly, we demonstrate that treatment with NMDAR co-agonists (glycine or D-serine) independently rescue impairments in NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the DG of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1) knockout mouse. These findings implicate the NMDAR in the pathophysiology of FXS and suggest that indirect agonists of the NMDAR may be a successful therapeutic intervention in FXS.
Aim
To identify demographic‐, individual‐ and organisational‐level predictors of job satisfaction among managers in residential long‐term care (LTC) facilities.
Background
Job satisfaction predicts ...turnover among managers in LTC settings. However, factors affecting job satisfaction among LTC facility managers remain poorly understood.
Methods
A secondary analysis of data from Phase 2 of the Translating Research in Elder Care programme including 168 managers (unit managers, directors of care and facility administrators) from 76 residential LTC homes in three Canadian provinces. Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale was used to measure job satisfaction. Predictors of job satisfaction determined using general estimating equations.
Results
The efficacy subscale of burnout was positively predicted job satisfaction at the individual level (B = .104, p = .046). At the organisational level, social capital (B = .224, p = .018), adequate orientation (B = .166, p = .015) and leadership (B = .155, p = .018) were associated with higher job satisfaction.
Conclusions
These data suggest that improving LTC managers’ self‐perceived efficacy, leadership, social capital and adequate orientation may enhance their job satisfaction.
Implications for Nursing Management
Predictors of managers’ job satisfaction are modifiable and therefore may be amenable to intervention.
Objective In this study we aimed to estimate the effect of diabetes, educational level and income on the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in primary care patients with hypertension. ...Methods We followed 62,557 individuals with hypertension diagnosed 2001-2008, in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database. Study outcomes were death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, assessed using national registers until 2012. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of outcomes according to diabetes status, educational level, and income. Results During follow-up, 13,231 individuals died, 9981 were diagnosed with diabetes, 4431 with myocardial infarction, and 4433 with ischemic stroke. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for diabetes versus no diabetes: mortality 1.57 (1.50-1.65), myocardial infarction 1.24 (1.14-1.34), and ischemic stroke 1.17 (1.07-1.27). Hazard ratios for diabetes and less than or equal to9 years of school versus no diabetes and >12 years of school: mortality 1.56 (1.41-1.73), myocardial infarction 1.36 (1.17-1.59), and ischemic stroke 1.27 (1.08-1.50). Hazard ratios for diabetes and income in the lowest fifth group versus no diabetes and income in the highest fifth group: mortality 3.82 (3.36-4.34), myocardial infarction 2.00 (1.66-2.42), and ischemic stroke 1.91 (1.58-2.31). Conclusions Diabetes combined with low income was associated with substantial excess risk of mortality, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke among primary care patients with hypertension.
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