A printed monopole antenna for millimeter-wave applications in the 5G frequency region is described in this research. As a result, the proposed antenna resonates in three frequency bands that are ...designated for 5G communication systems, including 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz (V band). For the sake of compactness, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used. The overall size of the proposed tri-band antenna is 4 mm × 3 mm × 0.25 mm. Using a watch strap and human tissue, such as skin, the proposed antenna gives steady results. At 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz, the antenna’s gain is found to be 5.29 dB, 7.47 dB, and 9 dB, respectively. The overall simulated radiation efficiency is found to be 85% over the watch strap. Wearable devices are a great fit for the proposed tri-band antenna. The antenna prototype was built and tested in order to verify its performance. It can be observed that the simulated and measured results are in close contact. According to our comparative research, the proposed antenna is a good choice for smart 5G devices because of its small size and simple structure, as well as its high gain and radiation efficiency.
This paper addresses the growing need for multifunctioning microwave components by proposing a miniaturized reconfigurable stopband filter. The compact size is the outcome of the novel metamaterial ...split-ring resonator used for realizing this filter. Six PIN diodes are used to achieve real-time frequency and mode reconfigurability. This filter is designed to reject three important frequencies in wireless communication systems: 1.9, 2.4, and 3.6 GHz. Moreover, depending on the use, it is possible to reject one, two, or all the three frequencies, which resulted in seven different cases with three possible modes: single, dual, or triple stopbands. A prototype was manufactured for this filter, and strong agreement between simulation and measurement results is observed. Due to its target bands, this reconfigurable stopband filter is suitable for various cellular communication technologies from 3 G and 4 G up to 5 G and many other S-band applications.
This paper is divided into two sections, in the first section, a new SIW and a half-mode SIW band-pass filters based on complementary hexagonal metamaterial cells (C-HMCs) are proposed. Firstly, the ...SIW is analyzed in case of using two C-HMC cells and in the case of using four of these cells. Secondly, the HMSIW tunable BPF is studied and optimized. The size of the half mode is reduced by almost 50%. This filter design has a very high insertion loss about -0.4 dB, and significant transmission bandwidth extending from 5.9 GHz to 6.5 GHz. In the second section of this paper, an electronically reconfigurable SIW band-pass filter is proposed. By implementing two PIN diodes in the gaps of the two C-HMC, the results of turning the diodes ON or OFF individually is a switching in the frequency center, between 5.8 GHz and 6.8 GHz. Also, a dual band with two frequency centers at (5.6 GHz and 7.4 GHz) is achieved by turning both of the diodes ON. In addition, the metamaterial properties of all the proposed filters are investigated and presented in this work.
Because of its remarkable electromagnetic properties, the artificial substance known as metamaterial has led to important advancements in designing microwave components. In communications systems, ...filters are extremely essential. As a result, innovative band-stop microwave filters are suggested in this article. These filters are based on microstrip technology and split-ring resonators (SRR) with triangular, and elliptic geometrical forms, where the metamaterial effect can be established using this process. Furthermore, these filters are considered using one, two, and three SRRs cells, in order to have different bandstop widths. Because of its simplicity, edge coupling is the feeding technique chosen for this study. these structures are engineered and configured to operate within the S-band. The simulation findings reveal that changing the geometrical shape of the loops has a significant impact on the filter's features. to further study, these impacts a quantitative comparison involving the two shapes and the use of a different number of SRRs cells conducted. The findings show that these filters are well suited to a wide range of wireless communication systems depending on the wanted filter size, the range of the rejection band, and the electromagnetic properties.
In this paper, we propose the design of a novel tri-band compact patch antenna. This antenna is resonant within frequencies 2.45 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, making it compatible with wireless local ...area network (WLAN), world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and Bluetooth. The flexible Roger RT5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.8 mm is used to construct the antenna, and a 50 Ω microstrip line is used as its feeding technique. The final structure has a small size of 30 × 20 × 0.8 mm 3 compared to state-of-the-art designs. Through simulations, we demonstrate the stable and satisfying performances of the novel antenna design over the three targeted frequency bands, thus favoring its use for integrated systems that operate within WLAN, WiMAX, and Bluetooth wireless bands.
In this paper, a new technique for bandpass filter minimization is presented. This technique uses ellipsoidal-shaped complementary split-ring resonators (ECSRR) loaded onto a half-mode ...substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) structure. One ECSRR is loaded into the upper conductive layer while the other is loaded into the lower one. A comparison is made between the simulation results of a filter with one ECSRR and a filter with the proposed new technique. The efficiency of using the additional ECSRR is shown, and the filter design for both cases performed well. Moreover, the results are validated using two different simulation software. The proposed device has many possible applications in modern communication systems and upcoming communications innovations.
In this paper, a novel Three Dimensional Pascal’s Triangle Zero Cross Correlation (3D-PTZCC) code is proposed for non coherent Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access systems ...with a spectral/time/spatial combination and direct detection at the level of the receiver. The proposed code is based on (1D-PTZCC) and (2D-PTZCC) codes using Pascal’s Triangle rule. Its structure can minimise the receiver complexity of 3D-Perfect/Multi Diagonal (3D-PD/MD) and 3D-Perfect Difference (3D-PD) codes. The simulation results prove that systems using the proposed code can support a high data rate, high signal power and large number of simultaneous users with less power consuming. The code can save the received power by around − 5.5 dBm and − 3.7 dBm and the system capacity can be enhanced by 4.7 and 3.85 times compared to the systems using (3D-PD/MD) and (3D-PD) codes.
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