It is admitted that one of the characteristics of pseudomonads is their inability to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). In this paper, we show that poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) synthesis is restricted ...to
Pseudomonas rRNA homology group I, which includes both fluorescent and nonfluorescent species. However, within the genus
Pseudomonas, the
P. aeruginosa complex can be subdivided into two groups: the “
P.aeruginosa group”, which includes
P. aeruginosa,
P. alcaligenes,
P. citronellolis,
P. mendocina, produce poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) from octanoate and the “
P. oleovorans group” which includes the type strain of
P. oleovorans,
P. pseudoalcaligenes and two
Pseudomonas sp., produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) during cultivation on octanoate.
Strain GPo1 (ATCC 29347) formely identified as
P. oleovorans and known to produce various medium-side-chain PHAs such as poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) has been reclassified in the
P. putida complex.
Le
Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM), publié en 2006 par l’
Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organisations, a pour vocation de compléter le
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) publié par l’
...American Psychiatric Association. Le principal complément apporté par le PDM consiste dans l’ajout des dimensions psychologiques et psychodynamiques dans les diagnostics psychiatriques du DSM-IV-R. Ces ajouts étant tous empiriquement fondés, le PDM apparaît comme une tentative solide d’articuler la richesse du point de vue psychodynamique et la rigueur des recherches empiriques. Le but de cet article est d’abord de présenter le PDM aux professionnels français puis de discuter de ses choix théoriques et techniques et de son articulation avec le DSM-IV-R. Ces discussions sont illustrées par les diagnostics des troubles psychotiques et des troubles de personnalité schizoïde. Les limites du DSM et du PDM sont aussi discutées, en particulier l’ambiguïté du positionnement de ce dernier vis-à-vis du DSM : complément ou concurrent ? Enfin, cet article se conclut en présentant les conséquences possibles pour le PDM des évolutions proposées pour le DSM-V (publication prévue pour 2013), évolutions qui prennent en compte certaines caractéristiques du point de vue psychodynamique du PDM.
The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM), published in 2006 by the Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organisations, had for goal to complement the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association. The main complement brought by the PDM is the addition of psychological and psychodynamic dimensions into the DSM's diagnostics. These addictions are all empirically based, and for this latter reason the PDM seems a sound attempt to articulate the richness of psychodynamic point of view and the reliability of empirically based researches. The goal of this article is, first: present to French professionals the PDM, and, second: to discuss his theoretical and technical choices and his articulation with DSM-IV-R. These discussions are illustrated by the diagnostic of psychotic disorders and the schizoid personality disorders. The PDM's limits are discussed too, specifically the ambiguity of his relation with the DSM: complement or concurrent? A discussion about the evolution of the DSM-V (publication planned for 2013), some of these evolutions take into account the psychodynamic point of view of the PDM, and their consequences on PDM conclude this article.
Nucleolin is a multidomain phosphoprotein involved in ribosome biogenesis. In vitro selection and binding studies with pre-rRNA fragments have shown that the first two RNA-binding domains (RBDs) in ...nucleolin (RBD12) recognize the consensus sequence (U/G)CCCG(A/G) in the context of a stem-loop structure (nucleolin-recognition element = NRE). Structural studies of nucleolin RBD12 in complex with an in vitro selected NRE (sNRE) and a natural pre-rRNA NRE (b2NRE) have revealed that sequence-specific binding of the consensus NRE is achieved in a similar manner in both complexes using residues in both RBDs as well as the linker connecting them. Using fluorescence anisotropy (FA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we demonstrate the importance of the linker for NRE affinity by showing that only the individual RBDs with the linker attached retain the ability to specifically bind, albeit weakly, to sNRE and b2NRE. Binding of RBD1 and RBD2 to the NREs in trans is not detected even when one of the RBDs has the linker attached, which suggests that the linker also contributes to the affinity by tethering the two RBDs. To determine if binding of nucleolin RBD12 to natural NREs is dependent on a specific RNA stem-loop structure, as was the case for the sNRE, we conducted FA and NMR binding assays with nucleolin RBD12 and a single-stranded NRE. The results show that nucleolin RBD12 sequence-specifically binds a single-stranded NRE with an affinity similar to that for b2NRE, indicating that a stem-loop structure is not required for the nucleolin RBD12/pre-rRNA NRE interaction.
Background: The appropriateness of laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) as treatment for malignancy has been questioned.
Methods: From 1992 to 1997, 91 patients were entered into a prospective study of ...LCR for cancer. Clinical, pathologic, and economic parameters of LCR were compared in a cohort of patients matched for age, tumor stage, and type of colectomy who underwent open colon resection (OCR) during the same time period.
Results: With a median follow-up of 26 months, there were no significant differences in survival rate for patients in the LCR, converted colon resection, and OCR groups. There were no port-site recurrences and the number of lymph nodes harvested was similar among the procedures. Hospital stay was significantly shorter if laparoscopic resection was successful. Total hospital costs were similar for LCR and OCR; however, the costs were significantly higher for converted colon resection.
Conclusions: LCR is a sound oncologic procedure that can be performed with costs similar to OCR.
La TEP au 18F-FDG est habituellement réalisée dans la prise en charge médicale du cancer du sein, que ce soit pour la stadification initiale ou l’évaluation pronostique. Les études réalisées sont ...cependant discordantes concernant sa valeur prédictive de réponse pathologique complète (pCR) au traitement médicamenteux. Notre objectif était d’évaluer si la TEP au 18F-FDG dans des conditions néoadjuvantes a une valeur prédictive de pCR, chez les patientes présentant un cancer du sein HER2+.
Nous avons utilisé les données des patientes de l’essai clinique français prospectif et multicentrique NeoTOP, qui ont réalisé une TEP au 18F-FDG avant et après leur première cure de traitement néoadjuvant, incluant une chimiothérapie associée à une double thérapie anti-HER2. Nous avons évalué la réponse TEP par une analyse visuelle mais aussi quantitative, mesurant les paramètres de captation tumorale (valeurs maximales et moyennes de SUV et SUL), puis nous l’avons comparée à la réponse pathologique, définie par les grades 1 et 2 de la classification de Chevallier.
Les données de 45 patientes ont été entièrement collectées. La sensibilité et la spécificité de l’analyse visuelle étaient respectivement de 14 % et 83 %. La valeur initiale de SUVmax était de 12,02±7,17 et a diminué de 55±21 % après un cycle de traitement. Les paramètres quantitatifs de la TEP et leur variation n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les groupes répondeur et les non-répondeur (p>0,05 dans tous les cas).
La TEP au 18F-FDG avant et après le premier cycle de traitement néoadjuvant ne paraît pas être un outil prédictif de pCR chez les patientes présentant un cancer du sein HER2+.
Les questions éthiques sont peu investiguées, particulièrement en oncologie radiothérapie. L’objectif de l’étude était d’expliciter la problématique éthique principale en oncologie radiothérapie.
Une ...analyse quantitative a été basée sur la réponse à un questionnaire de 200 professionnels issus de 22 départements d’oncologie radiothérapie. Ce questionnaire visait principalement à caractériser le questionnement éthique principal. Une analyse qualitative monocentrique s’est appuyée sur des entretiens semi-dirigés centrés sur le questionnement éthique principal, réalisés avec huit manipulateurs d’électroradiologie et 20 patients en cours de radiothérapie.
Le questionnement éthique principal était la compréhension et/ou l’acceptation du traitement par les patients (71 %), se posant fréquemment (plus d’une fois par mois) (52 %) et correspond à une tension éthique entre les principes de respect de l’autonomie et de bienfaisance (faire le bien tel que perçu par le patient) tels que définis par Beauchamp et Childress. Les manipulateurs d’électroradiologie souhaitent que le patient soit pleinement acteur de son traitement avec même la possibilité de le refuser. Excluant « paternalisme » et « acharnement autonomique », les manipulateurs d’électroradiologie ont cependant le sentiment d’agir pour le bien des patients en les traitant par irradiation, même si ceux-ci n’en sont pas toujours conscients parce qu’ils sont en situation de vulnérabilité. Si la hiérarchisation des principes est une alternative de compromis, cette problématique est finalement bien résolue par la mise en pratique effective d’une éthique de la considération et de la sollicitude, s’appuyant sur les « capabilités » du patient, visant l’épanouissement maximal de ses potentialités dans sa situation de vulnérabilité. Au-delà de la dimension juridique, l’information du patient est cruciale et doit prendre en compte la temporalité spécifique du patient.
La question éthique principale en oncologie radiothérapie est celle de la compréhension et/ou l’acceptation du traitement impliquant le développement d’une éthique de la considération et de la sollicitude.
Ethical questions are poorly investigated specifically in radiation oncology. The objective of the study was to identify and understand the main ethical issue in radiation oncology.
A quantitative analysis was based on the answers to a questionnaire of 200 professionals from 22 radiation oncology departments. The questionnaire mainly aimed to characterize the main ethical issue. A monocentric qualitative analysis was based on semi-structured interviews focused on the main identified ethical issue, carried out with eight technologists, and 20 patients undergoing radiotherapy.
The main ethical issue was the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment by the patients (71 %), which frequently arises (more than once a month) (52 %), and corresponds to an ethical tension between the principles of respect for autonomy and beneficence (the good as viewed by the patient) as defined by Beauchamp and Childress. The technologists, wish the patient to be fully involved in his treatment, with the even possibility of refusing it. However, excluding paternalism and autonomic relentlessness, the technologists have the feeling of acting for the good of the patients by treating them with radiation, even if the patients are not always aware of it, because they are within a situation of vulnerability. If the hierarchy of principles is a compromise alternative, this problem is finally well resolved by the effective implementation of an ethic of consideration and solicitude, restoring the patient capabilities, i.e. the maximum development of his potentialities in his situation of vulnerability. Beyond the legal dimension, patient information is crucial and must consider the specific temporality of the patient.
The main ethical issue in radiation oncology is the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment involving the development of an ethic of consideration and solicitude.
The genetic variability of cultured stocks of common carp (
Cyprinus carpio) was studied using two types of genetic markers: allozymes and microsatellites. A comparative analysis was investigated ...between six strains from extensive aquaculture in two French regions (Dombes and Forez) and five strains from the Czech Republic stemming from artificial selection and maintained in the Research Center of Vodnany. Observed heterozygosity from allozyme data varied from 0.003 to 0.029 for French strains and was significantly lower than that observed for Czech strains, which varied from 0.026 to 0.058. The genetic variability of microsatellites for the whole data set was considerably higher than that for allozymes. The mean number of alleles per microsatellite locus was higher for French strains than for Czech strains (respectively, 6.2 and 4.2). Microsatellites are generally considered to be selectively neutral and the reduction of microsatellite allelic diversity in Czech strains could be related to a possible population bottleneck associated with breeding practice. However, the patterns of genetic variation for the two types of marker are possibly biased by the limited number of sampled individuals and must be confirmed in the future by more extensive studies. Significant differentiation between the strains was shown using
F statistics, whatever the tested groupings, and no obvious difference was detected between relationships inferred with the two types of genetic markers. A neighbour-joining analysis of genetic distances (chord distance of Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards Am. J. Hum. Genet 19 (1967) 233.) between strains showed that the topologies of the trees for microsatellites and allozymes were globally congruent. However, a more pronounced discrimination between the strains of the two countries was detected by the microsatellite markers which appeared more suitable to infer the effect of the geographical separation of the ancestral strains or different culture histories.
Acquired bleeding abnormalities are common in patients with primary amyloid light-chain amyloidosis. Factor X deficiency is the most common coagulopathy associated with life-threatening hemorrhagic ...complications when surgery is indicated. Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) or prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are the most frequently used blood products in this disease; however, FFP is often ineffective in controlling bleeding and PCCs have a significant risk of thrombosis when used intraoperatively. This report describes a patient with primary amyloidosis and factor X deficiency who underwent hemicolectomy with preoperative and intraoperative administration of recombinant human factor VIIa and postoperative administration of Bebulin (a PCC that contains the highest concentration of factor X). The management was successful with no signs of bleeding postoperatively. To our knowledge, few reports of successful perioperative management of factor X deficiency have been published to date. This is the first case report using recombinant human factor VIIa and Bebulin in the perioperative management of factor X deficiency associated with primary amyloidosis. Recombinant human factor VIIa and Bebulin may allow for successful perioperative management of bleeding disorders in patients with primary amyloidosis.
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