We discuss the prediction of critical behavior of lattice observables in SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories. We show that feed-forward neural network, trained on the lattice configurations of gauge ...fields as input data, finds correlations with the target observable, which is also true in the critical region where the neural network has not been trained. We have verified that the neural network constructs a gauge-invariant function and this property does not change over the entire range of the parameter space.
This paper provides results of numerical simulations of graphene conductivity. The numerical results were performed in tight-biding model with Coulomb potential screened by σ electron of carbon ...atoms. The dependence of the graphene conductivity on the dielectric permittivity of substrate was calculated. The results agreeds with experimental data.
At finite baryon density lattice QCD first-principle calculations can not be performed due to the sign problem. In order to circumvent this problem, we use the canonical approach, which provides ...reliable analytical continuation from the imaginary chemical potential region to the real chemical potential region. We briefly present the canonical partition function method, describe our formulation, and show the results, obtained for two temperatures: T/Tc = 0:93 and T/Tc = 0:99 in lattice QCD with two flavors of improved Wilson fermions.
We study lattice QCD with Nf = 2 Wilson fermions at nonzero imaginary chemical potential and nonzero temperature. We relate the Roberge - Weiss phase transition to the properties of dyons which are ...constituents of the KvBLL calorons. We present numerical evidence that the characteristic features of the spectral gap of the overlap Dirac operator as function of an angle modifying the boundary condition are determined by the Z3 sector of the respective imaginary chemical potential. We then demonstrate that dyon excitations in thermal configurations could be responsible (in line with perturbative excitations) for these phenomena.
A new approach to the computation of the canonical partition functions in Nf = 2 lattice QCD is presented. The results for the number density as function of imaginary chemical potential obtained in ...the confining and deconfining phases are used to determine the phase transition line at real chemical potential.
In this paper the results of numerical simulation of graphene effective field theory in external magnetic field are presented. The numerical simulation is performed using noncompact (3 + ...1)-dimensional Abelian lattice gauge fields and (2 + 1)-dimensional staggered lattice fermions. The dependences of fermion condensate and conductivity on the dielectric permittivity of the substrate for different values of external magnetic field are calculated. It is found that magnetic field shifts insulator-semimetal phase transition to larger values of the dielectric permittivity of the substrate. The phase diagram of graphene in external magnetic field is drawn.
Microplastics (MPs) accumulate in sediments, yet guidelines for evaluating MP risks in dredged sediments are lacking. The objective of this study was to review existing literature on MPs in sediments ...to improve fundamental knowledge of MP exposures and develop a publicly available database of MPs in sediments. Twelve percent of the reviewed papers (nine studies) included sediment core samples with MP concentrations generally decreasing with depth, peaking in the top 15 cm. The remaining papers evaluated surficial grab samples (0 to 15 cm depth) from various water bodies with MPs detected in almost every sample. Median MP concentrations (items/kg dry sediment) increased in this order: lakes and reservoirs (184), estuarine (263), Great Lakes nearshore areas and tributaries (290), riverine (410), nearshore marine areas (487), dredge activities (817), and harbors (948). Dredging of recurrent shoaling sediments could be expected to contain MPs at various depths with concentrations influenced by the time elapsed since the last dredging event. These results offer key insights into the presence and variability of MPs in dredged sediments, informing environmental monitoring and risk assessment strategies.
Aerobic exercise has been associated with hippocampal plasticity, both in healthy adults and in psychosis patients, but its impact on cortical regions remains unclear. The entorhinal cortex serves as ...a critical gateway for the hippocampus, and recent studies suggest that this region may also be impacted following an exercise regime. In order to investigate the effects of antipsychotic medications and exercise on the entorhinal cortex, female rats were chronically administered either olanzapine or vehicle and were either sedentary or had access to a running wheel for 9 weeks. Olanzapine-treated rats had decreased medial entorhinal cortical thickness compared to vehicle-treated rats. A statistically significant interaction was observed for layer II of the entorhinal cortex, with exercising rats having significantly greater thickness compared to sedentary rats in the vehicle group, but not the olanzapine group. Greater total entorhinal and lateral entorhinal cortical thickness was associated with greater average activity. In exercising rats, decreasing glucose intolerance was associated with larger total entorhinal and layer II cortical thickness. Lower fasting insulin levels were associated with greater total entorhinal, lateral entorhinal, and layer II cortical thickness. The relationship between increased activity and greater entorhinal cortical thickness was mediated by reduced fasting insulin, indicating that regulation of metabolic risk factors may contribute to impact of aerobic exercise on the entorhinal cortex. Aerobic exercise may be helpful in counteracting metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medications and managing these side effects may be key to promoting entorhinal cortical plasticity in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs.
•Rats treated with olanzapine had decreased cortical medial entorhinal cortex thickness.•Rats who exercised demonstrated greater cortical thickness in layer II of the entorhinal cortex.•Rats treated with olanzapine showed no effect of exercise in layer II entorhinal cortical thickness.•Lower fasting insulin mediated the relationship between greater wheel running and greater entorhinal cortical thickness.
The second generation antipsychotic drugs are effective treatments for psychotic disorders. Many of these compounds, including the drug olanzapine, have been associated with metabolic side-effects, ...including weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Rodent models of olanzapine-induced metabolic side-effects have been used to study the physiology of these effects, but only at a single time point after drug treatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine longitudinal changes with chronic antipsychotic drug treatment. Adult female rats were treated with either olanzapine (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for five consecutive days each week, followed by a 48 h washout period. Animals were then challenged with either olanzapine (15 mg/kg) or vehicle, and fasting glucose and insulin values were recorded, as well as glucose clearance in the glucose tolerance test. Treatment with olanzapine was continued for 10 weeks, with weekly tests of metabolic indices. Rats treated acutely with olanzapine showed both glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance; for the group treated during the week with olanzapine, these effects did not change by the end of ten weeks of treatment. However, in the group of animals challenged only once per week with olanzapine, the metabolic side-effects markedly intensified with the passage of time, whereby glucose intolerance and insulin resistance increased significantly compared to both baseline values and all other treatment groups. This previously unreported sensitization phenomenon represents a novel finding that may have clinical implications for patients receiving intermittent antipsychotic drug dosing or with variable adherence to treatment.
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Schizophrenia’.
► Olanzapine causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in adult female rats. ► Effects remain stable over 11 weeks in rats treated with drug for 5 days per week. ► The effects show sensitization in rats treated only once per week with olanzapine.
We discuss the prediction of critical behavior of lattice observables in SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories. We show that feed-forward neural network, trained on the lattice configurations of gauge ...fields as input data, finds correlations with the target observable, which is also true in the critical region where the neural network has not been trained. We have verified that the neural network constructs a gauge-invariant function and this property does not change over the entire range of the parameter space.
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