Significant reductions in the water levels of lakes are influenced by droughts and freshwater demands, especially in semi-arid regions, where hydric stress is greater. The aim of this study was to ...investigate the dynamics of phytoplankton during two different water volume periods resulting from an extended drought in a semi-arid lake. Another objective was to compare two functional approaches to test which one of these best captures phytoplankton variability as a function of environmental variability. Multivariate analyses performed using the Reynolds Functional Groups (RFG) and Morphology-Based Functional Groups (MBFG) classification schemes indicated two periods, high and a low water volume. The results demonstrated the importance of light availability on phytoplankton assemblages as these two periods showed significant differences in water transparency and phytoplankton composition. During extended droughts the reduction in water volume enhances the development of bloom-forming cyanobacteria through the limitation of light in a eutrophic man-made lake. Moreover, both functional traits approaches demonstrated the effect of light availability on phytoplankton assemblage composition and can be applied in similar systems. However, the RFG classification provides more information and allows a more detailed description of the algal assemblages.
Sumiyuki Kotani, the Kodokan Emissary to Brazil Maçaneiro, Gustavo Goulart Braga; Franchini, Emerson
International journal of the history of sport,
10/2023, Letnik:
40, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In 1882, in a temple called Eishoji, Jigoro Kano unified the knowledge of ancient jujutsu schools into a system he called Kodokan Judo. At the beginning of the twentieth century, judo became popular ...outside Japan and during this period Kano traveled through several countries to propagate his method. Traveling with Kano was Sumiyuki Kotani, one of the most important names in Kodokan history. The two traveled to countries such as England, France, Germany, the United States of America, and many others. After Kano's death, Kotani continued the work, visiting regions yet unexplored. This article investigates the reasons behind Kotani's visits to Brazil and the importance of those visits to the development of judo in Brazil. Through this research, it is possible to conclude that Kotani assumed the role of charismatic and traditional authority in Brazil. He was instrumental in the spread of judo in the country, reinforcing the Kodokan tradition and connecting and updating Brazilian practitioners on Japanese judo culture and technique. He actively participated in the process of judo development in Brazil from the 1930s to the 1970s, playing an important role in the establishment of Brazil among the international players of post-war judo.
The use of stylosanthes in mixed grass‐legume pastures may minimize the decline in forage quality and quantity that occurs in monoculture grass pastures, even though the availability of commercial ...cultivars in Brazil is still limited. The objective of the study was to evaluate the liveweight (LW) gain of young Nellore bulls in a mixed pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Paiaguás) with the latest release Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Bela. The study was conducted in Planaltina, FD, Brazil, from September to August in two consecutive years, right after seeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two treatments (mixed or monoculture Paiaguás pastures) and three replicates. The average daily gain (ADG) was on average greater in mixed pastures (0.436 vs. 0.350 kg head−1 day−1 in mixed and grass pastures respectively), particularly in the dry period (0.344 vs. 0.183 kg head−1 day−1). The benefit of mixed over monoculture grass pastures throughout the year was 22 kg LW/head and 55 kg LW/ha. The presence of stylosanthes increased the crude protein (CP) concentration in mixed pastures (120 g/kg) when compared to monoculture grass pastures (109 g/kg), probably influencing the ADG of bulls. The increase of liveweight gain, predominantly in the dry season, makes the high‐protein stylosanthes cv. Bela an alternative to buffer the seasonal deficit of forage quality in newly seeded grass pastures.
Aluminum Chloride Phthalocyanine (AlPcCl) can be used as a photosensitizer (PS) for Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms (PDI). The AlPcCl showed favorable characteristics for PDI due to high ...quantum yield of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and photostability. Physicochemical properties and photodynamic inactivation of AlPcCl incorporated in polymeric micelles of tri‐block copolymer (P‐123 and F‐127) against microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were investigated in this work. Previously, it was observed that the AlPcCl undergoes self‐aggregation in F‐127, while in P‐123 the PS is in a monomeric form suitable for PDI. Due to the self‐aggregation of AlPcCl in F‐127, this formulation did not show any effect on these microorganisms. On the other hand, AlPcCl formulated in P‐123 was effective against S. aureus and C. albicans and the death of microorganisms was dependent on the PS concentration and illumination time. Additionally, it was found that the values of PS concentration and illumination time to eradicate 90% of the initial population of microorganisms (IC90 and D90, respectively) were small for the AlPcCl in P‐123, showing the effectiveness of this formulation for PDI.
Formulations of aluminum chloride phthalocyanine were prepared in polymeric micelles of pluronic™ surfactants F‐127 and P‐123 and tested for inactivation of microorganisms. The process of incorporation of AlPcCl on copolymers was effective and the formulation obtained for the system AlPcCl/P‐123 had good results against different kind of microorganisms.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that has shown effectiveness in the inactivation of cancer cell lines and microorganisms. Treatment consists of activating the photosensitizer ...(PS) upon light irradiation of adequate wavelength. After reaching the excited state, the PS can handle the intersystem conversion through energy transfer to the molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species. This especially applies to singlet oxygen (1O2), which is responsible for the selective destruction of the sick tissue. Photosensitizing compounds (chlorophylls and derivatives) existing in the spinach extract have applicability for PDT. This study aimed to develop and characterize the thermoresponsive bioadhesive system composed of Pluronic F127 20.0%- and Carbopol 934P 0.2% (w/w) (FC)-containing chlorophyll-based extract 0.5% (w/w) (FC-Chl). Mechanical and rheological properties, in vitro release, sol–gel transition temperature, and ex vivo permeability of the spinach extract PS components (through pig ear skin) were investigated. Furthermore, photodynamic activity of the system was accessed through uric acid and time-solved measurements. The sol–gel transition temperature obtained for the FC-Chl system was 28.8 ± 0.3 °C. Rheological and texture properties of the platform were suitable for use as a dermatological system, exhibiting easy application and good characteristics of retention in the place of administration. In vitro release studies showed the presence of two distinct mechanisms that reasonably obey the zero-order and first-order kinetics models. PS components presented skin permeability and reached a permeation depth of 830 μm (between the epidermis and dermis). The photodynamic evaluation of the FC-Chl system was effective in the degradation of uric acid. The quantum yield (ΦΔ 1O2) and life time (τ1O2) of singlet oxygen showed similar values for the spinach extract and the isolated chlorophyll a species in ethanol. These results allowed for the classification of the FC-Chl platform as potentially useful for the delivery of the chlorophyll-based extract in the topic PDT, suggesting that it is worthy for in vivo evaluation.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa ...brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos agrominerais termopotássio e termofosfato, como fontes de P e K, em consórcio de pastagem orgânica de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' + Stylosanthes spp. no Cerrado brasileiro. O manejo orgânico foi comparado ao convencional com uso de fertilizantes químicos, durante três anos, em dois experimentos adjacentes, um com e outro sem cultivo prévio de adubo verde (Crotalaria juncea). Os tratamentos de manejo foram: convencional, com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de cloreto de potássio, 260 kg ha-1 de superfosfato triplo e 217 kg ha-1 de ureia; orgânico, com aplicação de 1,0 Mg ha-1 termopotássio, 2,0 Mg ha-1 termofosfato e 7,0 Mg ha-1 cama de frango; e controle, sem adubação. Foram avaliadas fertilidade do solo, produção de matéria seca e contribuição da leguminosa na pastagem. O experimento com adubação verde proporcionou aumento significativo nos teores de P e K extraíveis do solo e na produtividade da pastagem. No tratamento orgânico, devido à liberação lenta dos nutrientes dos agrominerais, são observados efeitos de longo prazo nos teores extraíveis de P e K do solo.
The range of motion (RoM) of dorsiflexion (DF) plays an important role in human mobility, such as absorption of body weight during gait deceleration, jump landings, balance, and eccentric movements. ...This limitation can generate potentially damaging movements. This way, evaluating techniques for DF RoM increase could help improve immediate performance in such functional activities. This being the case, the objective of this study will be to verify the sum effect of different joint mobilization techniques for DF gain in persons practicing physical activities and its relationship with functional performance and balance.
This is a randomized, controlled, and blind clinical trial. Fifty-four (54) volunteers will be recruited, aged between 18 and 40 years, who have DF limitations. After checking eligibility criteria, the participants will be submitted to a physiotherapeutic evaluation. A researcher, blind to evaluation and treatment, will perform the randomization of patients in groups: (A) Joint Mobilization - Mulligan Concept and (B) Joint Mobilization - Maitland Method. All volunteers will be submitted by two blind evaluators for randomization and treatment groups. They will realize the initial evaluation (A0), immediately after techniques (A1) and after 3-4 days of the technique application (A2). A different researcher, blind for evaluation, will perform the treatment, according to the randomization group.
It is already known that DF RoM limitation can lead to compensatory and potentially damaging lower limb movements and that joint mobilizations are effective to treatment. However, there is no consensus whether the application of these techniques would also improve aspects of dynamic postural balance and performance in individuals practicing physical activity, and whether the sum of two joint mobilization techniques could enhance this effect.
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) RBR-93xv9t . Registered on 09 April 2020.
ABSTRACT The pirarucu, Arapaima gigas is a native, carnivorous fish species from the Amazon basin. As carnivorous fish have low amylase activity, exogenous enzymes can improve the digestibility of ...carbohydrates in aquaculture feeds. We evaluated the digestibility of increasing levels of an enzymatic complex in diets of pirarucu juveniles (65.2 ± 0.4 g). The experimental design was randomized with four treatments diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 g kg-1 on-top inclusion of an enzyme complex (Allzyme® SSF®, USA), and a control, with three replications at a density of 5 fish per unit, and a 30-day duration. We quantified apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy through nutrient and chromium oxide content in diets and feces. Enzymatic activity, hepatic glycogen and total protein were determined in liver and anterior intestine samples. The diet with 1 g kg-1 of enzyme-complex resulted in an increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, and dry matter, hepatic glycogen, total proteins in liver and in intestine, showing the efficiency of the enzyme complex in pirarucu feeding. A higher accumulation of dry matter, crude energy, and ethereal extract in the carcass indicated weight increase in the fish treated with enzymatic complex. A decrease in the endogenous enzymatic activity (protease, lipase and amylase) suggested an improved efficacy of the digestive process. Our results indicate that the inclusion of 1 g kg-1 enzyme complex in the diet of juvenile pirarucu can be recommended to achieve greater digestibility of nutrients and improvement in productive performance.
RESUMO O pirarucu, Arapaima gigas é um peixe carnívoro nativo da bacia amazônica. Como peixes carnívoros possuem baixa atividade de amilase, enzimas exógenas melhoram a digestibilidade de carboidratos em rações para aquacultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade de níveis crescentes de complexo enzimático em dietas para juvenis de pirarucu (65,2 ± 0,4 g). O desenho experimental foi randomizado com quatro tratamentos dietas contendo 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1 g kg-1 de complexo enzimático adicionado (Allzyme® SSF®, EUA) e um controle, com três réplicas com densidade de cinco peixes por unidade e 30 dias de duração. A digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta foi calculada por quantificação de nutrientes e óxido de cromo nas dietas e fezes. A atividade enzimática, o glicogênio hepático e a proteína total foram determinados a partir de amostras do fígado e intestino anterior. A dieta com 1 g kg-1 de complexo enzimático resultou em um aumento da digestibilidade aparente de proteina bruta, energia bruta, matéria seca, glicogênio hepático e proteínas totais no fígado e intestino, mostrando a eficácia do complexo enzimático na dieta dos pirarucus. A acumulação mais alta de matéria seca, energia bruta e extrato etéreo na carcaça indicou o aumento de peso dos peixes tratados com complexo enzimático. A redução da atividade enzimática endógena (protease, lipase e amilase) sugeriu um aumento da eficácia do processo digestivo. Nossos resultados indicam que a inclusão de 1 g kg-1 do complexo enzimático na dietas de juvenis de pirarucu pode ser recomendada para obter maior digestibilidade de nutientes e performance produtiva.
Some studies have demonstrated that physiotherapists have a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). The association between physiotherapy students, who are potentially exposed to the same LBP ...occupational risks as graduates, and LBP has never been demonstrated. The objective of the study is to evaluate the association between undergraduate physiotherapy study and LBP. The study design includes a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based study was carried out with physiotherapy and medical students. LBP was measured as lifetime, 1-year and point prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find the factors associated with LBP. Bivariate analyses were also performed to assess differences between LBP characteristics in the two courses. 77.9% of the students had LBP at some point in their lives, 66.8% in the last year and 14.4% of them reported they were suffering from LBP at the moment of answering the questionnaire. Physiotherapy students reported a higher prevalence of LBP when compared with the medical students in all measures. In the logistic regression model, physiotherapy students (A-OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.35–4.67;
p
= 0.003), and being exposed to the undergraduate study for more than four semesters (A-OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.43–4.55;
p
= 0.001) were independently associated with LBP. There were no differences between the courses concerning pain intensity and disability. As it was a cross-sectional study, we were not able to observe accurately if there is an increasing incidence of LBP during the course. Also, we did not intend to identify which activities in the course were associated with the development of LBP. This study clearly demonstrated an association between undergraduate physiotherapy study and LBP. The length of course exposure is also associated with LBP.
The narrow genetic variability of grasslands and the incidence of new biotic and abiotic stresses have motivated the selection of new Panicum maximum genotypes for use as forage for beef cattle in ...the Brazilian savannah. This study aimed to evaluate forage yield and nutritive value of P. maximum genotypes including 14 accessions (PM30 to PM43), four intraspecific hybrids (PM44 to PM47) and six cultivars (Aruana, Massai, Milênio, Mombaça, Tanzania and Vencedor), examining 24 genotypes over two years (2003 and 2004). Milênio cultivar was the genotype with the highest dry matter yield (DMY) in both years (18.4 t ha-1 and 20.9 t ha-1, respectively) although it presented a high proportion of stems (~ 30%). Genotypes that showed higher Leaf DMY in both years were the accession PM34 (14.7 t ha-1) and the hybrid PM46 (14.0 t ha-1), while Mombaça and Tanzania yielded 12.5 and 11.0 t ha-1, respectively. Leaf organic matter digestibility and leaf DMY for PM40 and PM46 genotypes exceeded the mean (> 656 g kg-1 and > 11.7 t ha-1, respectively). For this reason, PM40 and PM46 can be considered promising P. maximum genotypes for use as forage for grazing systems in the Brazilian savannah.
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