This paper describes a study of single-phase-series-parallel versus polyphase calibration of electricity meters. Historically there has been some debate regarding the field performance of ...electromechanical electricity meters that have been calibrated using the series-parallel technique which is common in North America and other areas. A methodology was carefully established that would allow several meter testing laboratories to be verified and traceable to each other. Meters were tested and the data is presented along with data analysis and conclusions.
We present maximum-likelihood search methods for time-dependent fluxes from point sources, such as flares or periodic emissions. We describe a method for the case when the time dependence of the flux ...can be assumed a priori from other observations, and we additionally describe a method to search for bursts with an unknown time dependence. In the context of high energy neutrino astronomy, we simulate one year of data from a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino detector and characterize these methods and equivalent binned methods with respect to the duration of neutrino emission. Compared to standard time-integrated searches, we find that up to an order of magnitude fewer events are needed to discover bursts with short durations, even when the burst time and duration are not known a priori.
Neutrino telescopes are moving steadily toward the goal of detecting astrophysical neutrinos from the most powerful galactic and extragalactic sources. Here we describe analysis methods to search for ...high energy point-like neutrino sources using detectors deep in the ice or sea. We simulate an ideal cubic kilometer detector based on real world performance of existing detectors such as AMANDA, IceCube, and ANTARES. An unbinned likelihood ratio method is applied, making use of the point spread function and energy distribution of simulated neutrino signal events to separate them from the background of atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray showers. The unbinned point source analyses are shown to perform better than binned searches and, depending on the source spectral index, the use of energy information is shown to improve discovery potential by almost a factor of two.
Sensor technology continues to change and evolve, in response to growing demand from engineers for smaller sizes, a higher degree of ruggedness, and greater capabilities. Braun discusses the trends ...and the technology that is making miniaturization possible.
Aim
Assess the ability of a panel of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers as predictors of periodontal disease progression (PDP).
Materials and methods
In this study, 100 individuals ...participated in a 12‐month longitudinal investigation and were categorized into four groups according to their periodontal status. GCF, clinical parameters and saliva were collected bi‐monthly. Subgingival plaque and serum were collected bi‐annually. For 6 months, no periodontal treatment was provided. At 6 months, patients received periodontal therapy and continued participation from 6 to 12 months. GCF samples were analysed by ELISA for MMP‐8, MMP‐9, Osteoprotegerin, C‐reactive Protein and IL‐1β. Differences in median levels of GCF biomarkers were compared between stable and progressing participants using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (p = 0.05). Clustering algorithm was used to evaluate the ability of oral biomarkers to classify patients as either stable or progressing.
Results
Eighty‐three individuals completed the 6‐month monitoring phase. With the exception of GCF C‐reactive protein, all biomarkers were significantly higher in the PDP group compared to stable patients. Clustering analysis showed highest sensitivity levels when biofilm pathogens and GCF biomarkers were combined with clinical measures, 74% (95% CI = 61, 86).
Conclusions
Signature of GCF fluid‐derived biomarkers combined with pathogens and clinical measures provides a sensitive measure for discrimination of PDP (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00277745).
View the pubcast on this paper at http://www.scivee.tv/node/61625
In November 2015, more than 700 experts from around 80 countries met in the first Global Bioeconomy Summit in Berlin. We, as members of the International Advisory Committee on the Bioeconomy ...(comprising 37 experts from around the globe who shaped the summit) outline the principles that were agreed and the steps needed to advance them, as well as illustrating how these can be applied to individual SDGs (see 'Scoring Sustainable Development Goals').
Neurons are frequently classified into distinct types on the basis of structural, physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, we characterized the ...transcriptomes and intrinsic physiological properties of over 4,200 mouse visual cortical GABAergic interneurons and reconstructed the local morphologies of 517 of those neurons. We find that most transcriptomic types (t-types) occupy specific laminar positions within visual cortex, and, for most types, the cells mapping to a t-type exhibit consistent electrophysiological and morphological properties. These properties display both discrete and continuous variation among t-types. Through multimodal integrated analysis, we define 28 met-types that have congruent morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties and robust mutual predictability. We identify layer-specific axon innervation pattern as a defining feature distinguishing different met-types. These met-types represent a unified definition of cortical GABAergic interneuron types, providing a systematic framework to capture existing knowledge and bridge future analyses across different modalities.
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•Patch-seq data obtained from >4,200 GABAergic interneurons with >500 morphologies•Comprehensive characterization of morphoelectric features of transcriptomic types•28 interneuron met-types with congruent properties across data modalities•Different Sst met-types preferentially innervate different cortical layers
GABAergic cortical interneurons of the mouse visual cortex can be defined into 28 types based on their morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties and are distinguished by their layer-specific axon innervation patterns.
Understanding the diversity of cell types in the brain has been an enduring challenge and requires detailed characterization of individual neurons in multiple dimensions. To systematically profile ...morpho-electric properties of mammalian neurons, we established a single-cell characterization pipeline using standardized patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and biocytin-based neuronal reconstructions. We built a publicly accessible online database, the Allen Cell Types Database, to display these datasets. Intrinsic physiological properties were measured from 1,938 neurons from the adult laboratory mouse visual cortex, morphological properties were measured from 461 reconstructed neurons, and 452 neurons had both measurements available. Quantitative features were used to classify neurons into distinct types using unsupervised methods. We established a taxonomy of morphologically and electrophysiologically defined cell types for this region of the cortex, with 17 electrophysiological types, 38 morphological types and 46 morpho-electric types. There was good correspondence with previously defined transcriptomic cell types and subclasses using the same transgenic mouse lines.
Abstract
We measured the angular diameters of six stars using the six-element observing mode of the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) for the first time since the early 2000s. Four of the ...diameters ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 mas, while the two others were much smaller at approximately 0.5 mas to 0.7 mas, which are the two smallest angular diameters measured to date with the NPOI. There is a larger spread in the measurements than data obtained with three-, four-, or five-element modes, which can be attributed in part to the flux imbalance due to the combination of more than two siderostats in a single spectrograph, and also to crosstalk between multiple baselines related to nonlinearities in the fast-delay-line dither strokes. We plan to address this in the future by using the VISION beam combiner.
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