Este artículo pasa en revista algunos documentales producidos en Chile en la década de los años 2003. Centrados en la memoria y en el testimonio, estos documentales no se atienen a los acostumbrados ...criterios referenciales o realistas. Resulta difícil encasillarlos, clasificarlos porque recurren a la vez al ensayo, al análisis etnográfico pasando por el video arte. Constituyen, por lo tanto, un género mas bien híbrido. Su legado estético es, por una parte, lo que se llamó " el nuevo cine chileno" de los años 60 ( Miguel Littin, Aldo Francia, Raul Ruiz) y, por otra parte, la producción marginal de la década de los 80 (Cristián Sánchez). Estas películas, más allá de la representación de la "evasión", reflejan una tensión entre "recuerdo" y "olvido" y construyen de este modo un sujeto lleno de contradicciones en su apertura al mundo. L'article passe en revue un certain nombre de documentaires produits au Chili qui ont comme point commun d'être sortis aux alentours des années 2003 et qui font suite à l'essor du genre documentaire au Chili. Centrés sur la mémoire et le témoignage, ces documentaires ne suivent pas les critères de "réalisme" ou "référentiels" habituels. Leur classification est difficile car ils se situent dans des domaines pouvant aller de l'essai, à l'analyse ethnographique, en passant par l'art vidéo, ce qui crée un mélange des genres. Leur héritage esthétique se situe autant dans ce que l'on a pu appeler le "nouveau cinéma chilien" des années 1960 (Miguel Littin, Aldo Francia, Raul Ruiz) que dans la production marginale des années 1980 de Cristián Sánchez. Ces films, au-delà de la représentation de "l'évasion", affichent une tension entre "souvenir" et "oubli" et construisent de la sorte un sujet rempli de contradictions dans son ouverture sur le monde.
Imitation is of major importance during social interactions, would it be between humans or between a human and a robot. This is even more true when considering users with special needs. In this ...paper, we describe an experimental imitation task protocol using a robot Nao that we designed to assess whether sensory profiles of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) influence their capabilities to imitate or to initiate gestures that are going to be imitated. We based our work on the hypothesis that children with an overreliance on proprioceptive cues and hyporeactivity to visual cues have a greater difficulty imitating and improve their skills more slowly than children with an overreliance on visual cues and hyporeactivity to proprioceptive cues. Twelve children and teenagers with ASD participated in seven imitation sessions over eight weeks. As expected, we observed that children with an overreliance on proprioceptive cues and hyporeactivity to visual cues had more difficulties imitating the robot than the other children. Moreover, the repeated sessions revealed to have positive effects on social behaviors displayed by all children (gaze to the partner, imitations) toward a human partner after the sessions with the robot. We conclude on the possible impacts of such results on the design of social human-robot interactions for users with ASD.
Our research aims to develop a new personalized social interaction model between a humanoid robot and/or a virtual agent and an individual suffering of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), so as to ...enhance his/her social and communication skills. Because of the intra-individual variability among the ASD population, our objective is to propose a customized social interaction for each individual. In light of the ASD impact on vision and motor processing 1, 2, and in order to define individual's profile, we posit that the individual's reliance to proprioceptive and kinematic visual cues will affect the way he/she interacts with a social agent. A first experiment that defines each participants' perceptivo-cognitive and sensorimotor profile with respect to the integration of visual inputs has already been conducted. We also presented the Nao robot to 4 children with ASD, and analyzed their behavior prior to their profiles. First results are promising.
In this chapter, we presented a method to define individual profiles in order to develop a new personalized robot‐based social interaction for individual with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) with ...the hypothesis that hyporeactivity to visual motion and an overreliance on proprioceptive information would be linked to difficulties in integrating social cues and in engaging in successful interactions. We succeed to form three groups among our 19 participants (children, teenagers, and adults with ASD), describing each participant's response to visual and proprioceptive inputs. We conducted a first experiment to present the robot Nao as a social companion and to avoid fear or stress toward the robot in future experiment. No direct link between the behavior of the participants toward the robot and their proprioceptive and visual profiles was observed. Still, we found encouraging results going in the direction of our hypothesis. In addition, almost all of our participants showed great interest to Nao. Defining such individual profiles prior to social interactions with a robot could provide promising strategies for designing successful and adapted human‐robot interaction (HRI) for individuals with ASD.
The eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) has declined by >80% within the last two decades. One possible cause of this decline is the loss of >= 1.3 billion ...stems of milkweed (Asclepias spp.), which monarchs require for reproduction. In an effort to restore monarchs to a population goal established by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and adopted by Mexico, Canada, and the US, we developed scenarios for amending the Midwestern US landscape with milkweed. Scenarios for milkweed restoration were developed for protected area grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program land, powerline, rail and roadside rights of way, urban/suburban lands, and land in agricultural production. Agricultural land was further divided into productive and marginal cropland. We elicited expert opinion as to the biological potential (in stems per acre) for lands in these individual sectors to support milkweed restoration and the likely adoption (probability) of management practices necessary for affecting restoration. Sixteen of 218 scenarios we developed for restoring milkweed to the Midwestern US were at levels (>1.3 billion new stems) necessary to reach the monarch population goal. One of these scenarios would convert all marginal agriculture to conserved status. The other 15 scenarios converted half of marginal agriculture (730 million stems), with remaining stems contributed by other societal sectors. Scenarios without substantive agricultural participation were insufficient for attaining the population goal. Agricultural lands are essential to reaching restoration targets because they occupy 77% of all potential monarch habitat. Barring fundamental changes to policy, innovative application of economic tools such as habitat exchanges may provide sufficient resources to tip the balance of the agro-ecological landscape toward a setting conducive to both robust agricultural production and reduced imperilment of the migratory monarch butterfly.
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