Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a comprehensive overview Vaz de Castro, Pedro Alves Soares; Bitencourt, Letícia; de Oliveira Campos, Juliana Lacerda ...
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism,
04/2022, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine that results in polyuria and polydipsia, despite having normal or elevated plasma concentrations of ...arginine vasopressin (AVP). In this study, we review the clinical aspects and diagnosis of NDI, the various etiologies, current treatment options and potential future developments. NDI has different clinical manifestations and approaches according to the etiology. Hereditary forms of NDI are mainly caused by mutations in the genes that encode key proteins in the AVP signaling pathway, while acquired causes are normally associated with specific drug exposure, especially lithium, and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Clinical manifestations of the disease vary according to the degree of dehydration and hyperosmolality, being worse when renal water losses cannot be properly compensated by fluid intake. Regarding the diagnosis of NDI, it is important to consider the symptoms of the patient and the diagnostic tests, including the water deprivation test and the baseline plasma copeptin measurement, a stable surrogate biomarker of AVP release. Without proper treatment, patients may developcomplications leading to high morbidity and mortality, such as severe dehydration and hypernatremia. In that sense, the treatment of NDI consists in decreasing the urine output, while allowing appropriate fluid balance, normonatremia, and ensuring an acceptable quality of life. Therefore, therapeutic options include nonpharmacological interventions, including sufficient water intake and a low-sodium diet, and pharmacological treatment. The main medications used for NDI are thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and amiloride, used isolated or in combination.
Recent studies have reported that peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and raised the possibility that levodopa neurotoxicity is the main culprit.
We ...evaluated the presence of large & small (autonomic) fiber PN in 54 consecutive patients with PD or parkinsonism in a tertiary outpatient clinic from Brazil. Initial PN screening consisted of history/neurological exam and skin wrinkling test (SWT). In addition, we also performed Nerve conduction studies/Electromyography (NCS/EMG) in all patients with PN signs/symptoms and/or abnormal SWT.
Thirty eight patients with PD (10 women, mean age: 63 ± 2.1 years, P < 0.05 versus parkinsonism, mean disease duration: 8 ± 0.8 years) and 16 patients with other forms of parkinsonism 7 women, mean age: 50.1 ± 3.9 years, mean disease duration: 6.9 ± 1.1 years completed clinical neuromuscular evaluation. SWT was performed in 48 patients (33 PD, 15 parkinsonism). In the PD group, SWT was abnormal in 57.6% of the tested patients (comprising 50% of all PD patients). In the parkinsonism group, SWT was abnormal in 37.5% (comprising 35.3% of all parkinsonism patients). NCS/EMG was performed in 39 patients (26 PD and 13 parkinsonism). Twelve out of the 26 PD (34.2% of all PD) and 4 out of the 13 parkinsonism (23.5% of all parkinsonism) had abnormal NCS/EMG results. Neuropathy prevalence was similar in PD and parkinsonism groups as detected either by NCS/EMG or SWT.
Large fiber and small (autonomic) fiber PN are common in patients with PD and parkinsonism. The etiology for the neuropathy was likely to be multifactorial and may be secondary to PD itself.
Individuals infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may present severe and disseminated forms of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with low therapeutic response.
To investigate ...the S. stercoralis infection and the seroprevalence of IgG anti-S. stercoralis antibodies in individuals infected with HTLV-1 attending the Reference Center for HTLV-1 (CHTLV) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 178 HTLV-1-infected individuals treated at the HTLV specialized center between January, 2014, and December, 2018. The parasitological diagnosis of S. stercoralis was performed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer, agar plate culture, and Baermann-Morais methods. The IgG anti-S. stercoralis detection was performed using an in house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HTLV-1 infection was diagnosed using a commercial ELISA and confirmed by Western blot.
The frequency of S. stercoralis infection was 3.4% (6/178). Individuals infected with S. stercoralis from rural areas (50.0%; 3/6) also showed S. stercoralis hyperinfection (>3,000 larvae/gram of feces). The frequency of circulating anti-S. stercoralis IgG antibodies was 20.8% (37/178).
HTLV-1-infected people living in precarious sanitary conditions are more prone to develop severe forms of S. stercoralis infection. Considering the high susceptibility and unfavorable outcome of the infection in these individuals, the serological diagnosis for S. stercoralis should be considered when providing treatment.
We report a case of an infant with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) diagnosed by the measurement of serum copeptin. There is only one study that previously evaluated the use of copeptin ...measurement in a pediatric patient.
We present a 10-month-old child with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS) and hypernatremia that could not support water restriction due to increased risk of dehydration and worsening of his condition. Therefore, plasma measurement of copeptin allowed the diagnosis of NDI.
The water deprivation test (WDT) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis in PPS. However, WDT has serious limitations regarding its interpretation. Furthermore, the WDT can cause dehydration and hypernatremia, especially in young children. Therefore, the measurement of plasma copeptin seems to be a promising method to perform an earlier, safer, and accurate investigation of PPS. Up to now, our study is the second to report the usefulness of copeptin in children.
The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 109 samples of Escherichia coli (E. coli) of environmental origin and to characterize these isolates according to the degree of ...pathogenicity in vivo, verifying a possible relationship between this variable and susceptibility to the active principles tested. The isolates were subjected to disc diffusion test to 14 antibiotics. From 16.5% to 90% of the samples were sensitive; 1 - 28.5% showed intermediate degree of susceptibility and between 9 to 78% of E. coli analyzed were resistant. The highest resistance percentages were seen in the class of quinolones and tetracyclines (>75%), and for sensitivity in the class of amphenicols (68.8%). By inoculating 1- day - old chicks, the isolates were classified as highly pathogenic (2.7%), intermediate (10.1%), low (42.2%) and apathogenic (45%). It was observed a wide variation in the susceptibility profile of isolates in relation to antimicrobials. It was also found that most of the samples had pathogenic potential (55%), thus being considered as APEC (avian pathogenic E. coli). No relationship between pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility (P≤0.05) was observed.
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de 109 amostras de Escherichia coli (E. coli) de origem ambiental frente a antibióticos e caracterizar esses isolados quanto ao grau de patogenicidade in vivo, verificando-se uma possível relação entre esta variável e a suscetibilidade aos princípios ativos testados. Os isolados foram submetidos ao teste de disco-difusão para 14 antibióticos. Entre 16.5% a 90% das amostras foram sensíveis, 1-28.5% apresentaram grau de suscetibilidade intermediário e entre 9-78% das E. coli analisadas foram resistentes. Os maiores percentuais de resistência foram encontrados para a classe das quinolonas e das tetraciclinas (>75%), e de sensibilidade para a classe dos anfenicóis (68.8%). Por meio da inoculação em pintinhos de um dia de idade, os isolados foram classificados como sendo de patogenicidade alta (2.7%), intermediária (10.1%), baixa (42.2%) e apatogênicos (45%). Foi observada uma ampla variação no perfil de suscetibilidade das amostras frente aos antimicrobianos. Verificou-se também que a maioria apresentou potencial patogênico (55%), sendo, portanto, consideradas APEC (E. coli patogênica para aves). Não foi observada relação entre a patogenicidade e a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos (P≤0.05).
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze themes that emerged from the experience of researchers during the application of the Health Literacy Questionnaire in primary health care. Method: The experience report ...is based on the researchers’ field diary, collecting data from 500 primary healthcare users in the Federal District - of Brazil between May and August 2022. The records were analyzed in the light of Nola Pender’s nursing theory. Results: Demands for care emerged as the main category associated with poor quality of care. The perception of a precarious health system was revealed, implying a low level of relevance perceived by users about their cooperation in promoting changes in health services. Final considerations: It was possible to understand the role of the nursing team in involving users in their care and how this directly reflects on health promotion and disease prevention.
RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar temas emergidos a partir da experiência de pesquisadores durante a aplicação do instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire na atenção primária em saúde. Método: relato de experiência baseado no diário de campo dos pesquisadores, na coleta de dados com 500 usuários da Atenção Primária em Saúde do Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre maio e agosto de 2022. Os registros foram analisados à luz da teoria de enfermagem de Nola Pender. Resultados: as demandas de atendimento emergiram como principal categoria, associadas à baixa qualidade na assistência. Desvelou-se a percepção de um sistema de saúde precário, implicando em baixa relevância percebida pelo usuário em relação à sua cooperação para promover mudanças nos serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: foi possível entender o papel da equipe de enfermagem para o envolvimento do usuário no seu cuidado, e como isso reflete diretamente na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: analizar los temas surgidos de la experiencia de los investigadores al aplicar el instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire en la atención primaria. Método: informe de experiencia basado en el diario de campo de los investigadores, recogiendo datos de 500 usuarios de Atención Primaria de Salud en el Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre mayo y agosto de 2022. Los registros se analizaron a la luz de la teoría de enfermería de Nola Pender. Resultados: las demandas de atención surgieron como la categoría principal, asociada a una mala calidad de la atención. Se puso de manifiesto la percepción de un sistema sanitario precario, lo que implica un bajo nivel de relevancia percibido por los usuarios en relación con su cooperación para promover cambios en los servicios sanitarios. Conclusión: fue posible comprender el papel del equipo de enfermería a la hora de implicar a los usuarios en sus cuidados, y cómo esto se refleja directamente en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: analizar los temas surgidos de la experiencia de los investigadores al aplicar el instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire en la atención primaria. Método: informe de experiencia ...basado en el diario de campo de los investigadores, recogiendo datos de 500 usuarios de Atención Primaria de Salud en el Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre mayo y agosto de 2022. Los registros se analizaron a la luz de la teoría de enfermería de Nola Pender. Resultados: las demandas de atención surgieron como la categoría principal, asociada a una mala calidad de la atención. Se puso de manifiesto la percepción de un sistema sanitario precario, lo que implica un bajo nivel de relevancia percibido por los usuarios en relación con su cooperación para promover cambios en los servicios sanitarios. Conclusión: fue posible comprender el papel del equipo de enfermería a la hora de implicar a los usuarios en sus cuidados, y cómo esto se refleja directamente en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades.
RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar temas emergidos a partir da experiência de pesquisadores durante a aplicação do instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire na atenção primária em saúde. Método: relato de experiência baseado no diário de campo dos pesquisadores, na coleta de dados com 500 usuários da Atenção Primária em Saúde do Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre maio e agosto de 2022. Os registros foram analisados à luz da teoria de enfermagem de Nola Pender. Resultados: as demandas de atendimento emergiram como principal categoria, associadas à baixa qualidade na assistência. Desvelou-se a percepção de um sistema de saúde precário, implicando em baixa relevância percebida pelo usuário em relação à sua cooperação para promover mudanças nos serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: foi possível entender o papel da equipe de enfermagem para o envolvimento do usuário no seu cuidado, e como isso reflete diretamente na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze themes that emerged from the experience of researchers during the application of the Health Literacy Questionnaire in primary health care. Method: The experience report is based on the researchers’ field diary, collecting data from 500 primary healthcare users in the Federal District - of Brazil between May and August 2022. The records were analyzed in the light of Nola Pender’s nursing theory. Results: Demands for care emerged as the main category associated with poor quality of care. The perception of a precarious health system was revealed, implying a low level of relevance perceived by users about their cooperation in promoting changes in health services. Final considerations: It was possible to understand the role of the nursing team in involving users in their care and how this directly reflects on health promotion and disease prevention.
RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar temas emergidos a partir da experiência de pesquisadores durante a aplicação do instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire na atenção primária em saúde. Método: relato de ...experiência baseado no diário de campo dos pesquisadores, na coleta de dados com 500 usuários da Atenção Primária em Saúde do Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre maio e agosto de 2022. Os registros foram analisados à luz da teoria de enfermagem de Nola Pender. Resultados: as demandas de atendimento emergiram como principal categoria, associadas à baixa qualidade na assistência. Desvelou-se a percepção de um sistema de saúde precário, implicando em baixa relevância percebida pelo usuário em relação à sua cooperação para promover mudanças nos serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: foi possível entender o papel da equipe de enfermagem para o envolvimento do usuário no seu cuidado, e como isso reflete diretamente na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze themes that emerged from the experience of researchers during the application of the Health Literacy Questionnaire in primary health care. Method: The experience report is based on the researchers’ field diary, collecting data from 500 primary healthcare users in the Federal District - of Brazil between May and August 2022. The records were analyzed in the light of Nola Pender’s nursing theory. Results: Demands for care emerged as the main category associated with poor quality of care. The perception of a precarious health system was revealed, implying a low level of relevance perceived by users about their cooperation in promoting changes in health services. Final considerations: It was possible to understand the role of the nursing team in involving users in their care and how this directly reflects on health promotion and disease prevention.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: analizar los temas surgidos de la experiencia de los investigadores al aplicar el instrumento Health Literacy Questionnaire en la atención primaria. Método: informe de experiencia basado en el diario de campo de los investigadores, recogiendo datos de 500 usuarios de Atención Primaria de Salud en el Distrito Federal - Brasil, entre mayo y agosto de 2022. Los registros se analizaron a la luz de la teoría de enfermería de Nola Pender. Resultados: las demandas de atención surgieron como la categoría principal, asociada a una mala calidad de la atención. Se puso de manifiesto la percepción de un sistema sanitario precario, lo que implica un bajo nivel de relevancia percibido por los usuarios en relación con su cooperación para promover cambios en los servicios sanitarios. Conclusión: fue posible comprender el papel del equipo de enfermería a la hora de implicar a los usuarios en sus cuidados, y cómo esto se refleja directamente en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades.
•Escherichia coli is inhabitant of the respiratory system of healthy broilers.•E. coli strains neither harbored VAGs nor produced bacteriocin-like substances.•Healthy broilers can act as reservoirs ...of Escherichia coli multidrug-resistant.
This study aimed at evaluate the presence and to study characteristics of Escherichia coli in the respiratory system microbiota of healthy broilers. Trachea, air sacs, and lungs of 20 broilers were analyzed at 21 days of age, reared in experimental conditions, without receiving antimicrobials. E. coli strains were isolated and identified using conventional bacteriology through morphological and biochemical characterization. The production of bacteriocin-like substances, the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of APEC (Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli) predictors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. E. coli was found in 85 % of the animals (17/20), in the trachea, air sacs or lungs; and it was not found in 15 % of the animals (3/20). A total of 34 isolates were recovered, 13 from the air sacs, 13 from the lungs, and 8 from the trachea, which showed no production of bacteriocin-like substances nor virulence genes associated with APEC. Most isolates, 59 % (20/34), showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials, and six multiresistant strains were identified. The results demonstrated that strains of E. coli were commensal of the respiratory microbiota, and that they did not present pathogenicity to the host, since there were no clinical signs of disease, macroscopic lesions in the organs of the evaluated broilers, production of bacteriocin-like substances, nor virulence-associated genes considered as predictors of APEC in bacteria. These strains of E. coli were mostly susceptible to antimicrobials. However, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains suggests that these animals can act as reservoirs of resistant to antimicrobials E. coli.
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