This article presents a Kalman-type recursive estimator for discrete-time systems with a measurement noise modeled by a Gaussian-uniform mixture. The objective is to deal with data containing ...outliers that degrade the performance of the regular Kalman filter. The proposed non-Gaussian noise model takes into account the reliability of the measurement with respect to erroneous data. The Kalman-type estimator is based on Masreliez's formulation which copes with non-Gaussian noise models. Results in different simulated conditions are displayed to evaluate the performance of the newly-presented algorithm and to compare it to state-of-art alternatives.
Este artículo presenta un estudio del uso intergeneracional de la lengua amerindia garífuna y del español basado en observaciones espontáneas y planificadas de las interacciones familiares de tres ...generaciones (hijos, padres y abuelos), en siete pueblos de la costa caribe de Honduras. Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa para el tratamiento de datos de primera mano, se observó que, si bien las tres generaciones alternan español-garífuna, es la generación de los hijos la que introduce más el español en las interacciones cotidianas. Se observó que los intercambios en español se duplican de la generación de los abuelos a la de los hijos. La actitud lingüística de los jovenes puede ser comprendida como variantes de función identitaria. Sin embargo, sigue existiendo una paridad plurilingüe relativa, los hablantes siguen usando la lengua no dominante: el garífuna, en contextos informales y en el ámbito familiar.
Abstract
With the approval of new therapies targeting the PI3K pathway, the detection of PIK3CA mutations has become a key factor in treatment management for HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC). ...We developed multiplex digital PCR (dPCR) assays to detect and quantify PIK3CA mutations. A first screening assay allows the detection of 21 mutations, with a drop-off system targeting the 542–546 hotspot mutations combined with the simultaneous detection of N345K, C420R, H1047L and H1047R mutations. In the case of a positive result, a sequential strategy based on other assays that we have developped allows for precise mutation identification. Clinical validity was determined by analyzing plasma circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from 213 HR+/HER2− MBC samples, as well as DNA extracted from 97 available matched tumors from 89 patients. Our assays have shown reliable specificity, accuracy and reproducibility, with limits of blank of three and four droplets for the screening assay. Sixty-eight patients (32%) had at least one PIK3CA mutation detectable in their plasma, and we obtained 83.1% agreement between the cfDNA analysis and the corresponding tumors. The high sensitivity and robustness of these new dPCR assays make them well-suited for rapid and cost-effective detection of PIK3CA mutations in the plasma of MBC patients.
The analysis of tire rolling loss data described in Part I (Data Variation Within and Between Laboratories) was expanded to include a search for an efficient regression model and and economical test ...matrix which combined would satisfy the requirements of simplicity, precision, and universal applicability. Two recommendations were made and compared with the existing SAE Recommended Practice J1269/70.
An interlaboratory test program was carried out by twelve test facilities with the objective to determine the degree of tire rolling resistance loss variations within and between laboratories. The ...same tires and test procedures were used throughout. Statistical data analysis involving all data as well as various data subgroups suggest that most of today's tire rolling loss test facilities have obtained an excellent level of performance. All measured and analyzed data are tabulated and displaced for each laboratory.
Abstract Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a synthetic polymer commonly used as precursor base layer in polyelectrolyte multilayer films. However, the biological properties of this cationic macromolecule ...are poorly understood. The aim of this experimental investigation was to evaluate in vitro the biocompatibility of PEI towards two different human cell lines. The experimental investigation was undertaken on pure titanium (Ti) and nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloy samples with an average surface roughness of Ra = 0.3 μ m . A biological study was undertaken at day 0 (2 h after seeding), day 2, day 4 and day 7 to observe the cellular response of fibroblasts and osteoblasts cell lines in terms of morphology, adhesion (as observed by scanning electron microscopy), and viability (Mosmann's test). The results showed that PEI can be successfully deposited onto Ti or NiTi alloy, but generates a detrimental cellular response on both substrates as illustrated by a decrease of both fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion and proliferation over a 7-day culture period. These results suggest that PEI is potentially cytotoxic and may not be biocompatible enough in clinical applications using high molecular weight. As a consequence, polyelectrolyte multilayer films, which are promising in prosthesis and implantology fields, could not be coated with PEI at a high molecular weight. A lower molecular weight should be considered or a more biocompatible molecular base as precursor layer of polyelectrolyte multilayer films would be better to use for a good human bio-integration.
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