The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta
k
T
. The ...small
k
T
-region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic
k
T
) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell–Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative “intrinsic-
k
T
” distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.
The azimuthal correlation,
Δ
ϕ
12
, of high transverse momentum jets in pp collisions at
s
=
13
TeV is studied by applying PB-TMD distributions to NLO calculations via MCatNLO together with the ...PB-TMD parton shower. A very good description of the cross section as a function of
Δ
ϕ
12
is observed. In the back-to-back region of
Δ
ϕ
12
→
π
, a very good agreement is observed with the PB-TMD Set 2 distributions while significant deviations are obtained with the PB-TMD Set 1 distributions. Set 1 uses the evolution scale while Set 2 uses transverse momentum as an argument in
α
s
, and the above observation therefore confirms the importance of an appropriate soft-gluon coupling in angular ordered parton evolution. The total uncertainties of the predictions are dominated by the scale uncertainties of the matrix element, while the uncertainties coming from the PB-TMDs and the corresponding PB-TMD shower are very small. The
Δ
ϕ
12
measurements are also compared with predictions using MCatNLO together
Pythia
8, illustrating the importance of details of the parton shower evolution.
Abstract The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta ...$$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T . The small $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T -region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T ) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell–Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative “intrinsic- $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T ” distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.
Chaotic dynamic states with intermittent oscillations were generated in a Bray–Liebhafsky (BL) oscillatory reaction in an isothermal open reactor i.e., in the continuously-fed well-stirred tank ...reactor (CSTR) when the inflow concentration of potassium iodate was the control parameter. They are found between periodic oscillations obtained when KIO
3
0
< 3.00 × 10
–2
M and stable steady states when KIO
3
0
> 4.10 × 10
–2
M. It was shown that the most chaotic states obtained experimentally somewhere in the middle of this region are in high correlation with results obtained by means of largest Lyapunov exponents and phenomenological analysis based on the quantitative characteristics of intermittent oscillations.
Abstract The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta ...$$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T . The small $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T -region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T ) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell–Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative “intrinsic- $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T ” distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.
The internal motion of partons inside hadrons has been studied through its
impact on very low transverse momentum spectra of Drell-Yan (DY) pairs created
in hadron-hadron collisions. We study DY ...production at next-to-leading order
using the Parton Branching (PB) method which describes the evolution of
transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. The main focus is on
studying the intrinsic transverse momentum distribution (intrinsic-$k_T$) as a
function of the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s$. While collinear parton shower
Monte Carlo event generators require intrinsic transverse momentum
distributions strongly dependent on $\sqrt s$, this is not the case for the PB
method. We perform a detailed study of the impact of soft parton emissions. We
show that by requiring a minimal transverse momentum, $q_0$, of a radiated
parton, a dependence of the width of the intrinsic-$k_T$ distribution as a
function of $\sqrt{s}$ is observed. This dependence becomes stronger with
increasing $q_0$.
The internal motion of partons inside hadrons has been studied through its impact on very low transverse momentum spectra of Drell-Yan (DY) pairs created in hadron-hadron collisions. We study DY ...production at next-to-leading order using the Parton Branching (PB) method which describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. The main focus is on studying the intrinsic transverse momentum distribution (intrinsic-\(k_T\)) as a function of the center-of-mass energy \(\sqrt s\). While collinear parton shower Monte Carlo event generators require intrinsic transverse momentum distributions strongly dependent on \(\sqrt s\), this is not the case for the PB method. We perform a detailed study of the impact of soft parton emissions. We show that by requiring a minimal transverse momentum, \(q_0\), of a radiated parton, a dependence of the width of the intrinsic-\(k_T\) distribution as a function of \(\sqrt{s}\) is observed. This dependence becomes stronger with increasing \(q_0\).
The azimuthal correlation, \(\Delta \phi_{12}\), of high transverse momentum jets in pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeV is studied by applying PB-TMD distributions to NLO calculations via MCatNLO ...together with the PB-TMD parton shower. A very good description of the cross section as a function of \(\Delta \phi_{12}\) is observed. In the back-to-back region of \(\Delta \phi_{12} \to \pi\), a very good agreement is observed with the PB-TMD Set 2 distributions while significant deviations are obtained with the PB-TMD Set 1 distributions. Set 1 uses the evolution scale while Set 2 uses transverse momentum as an argument in \(\alpha_s\), and the above observation therefore confirms the importance of an appropriate soft-gluon coupling in angular ordered parton evolution. The total uncertainties of the predictions are dominated by the scale uncertainties of the matrix element, while the uncertainties coming from the PB-TMDs and the corresponding PB-TMD shower are very small. The \(\Delta \phi_{12}\) measurements are also compared with predictions using MCatNLO together PYTHIA8, illustrating the importance of details of the parton shower evolution.
The measurement of the differential cross section for opposite-charge electron or muon pairs as a function of transverse momentum is presented in this report. The measurement is performed in several ...invariant mass bins, from 50 GeV to 1 TeV. The results are presented for inclusive production as well as for the production in association with one jet. The results are obtained from proton-proton interactions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during 2016. The integrated luminosity of the data is 36.3fb−1. The measurements are compared with several theoretical predictions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has widespread and long-lasting implications for the global economy causing general economic stagnation and crisis. Different industries and sectors strive to maintain the ...functioning of their business and stimulate companies to increasingly rely on the potential and power of digital technologies and network communications. In the trade sector, there was raising awareness about the importance of digitization and leveraging digital commerce as a strategic investment and competitive advantage. More and more trade companies started looking at digital channels not as an addition to their physical location but as a strategic source of long-term, sustained growth, which proved to be a significant boost for e-commerce all over the world. In this paper, B2B and B2C e-commerce segments are analyzed including current trends and dynamics, management of new business models, and expected implications of the latest digital technology innovations. Investments in new digital technologies tools and solutions in e-commerce had been driven by the need for frictionless shopping, personalization, and improved operational efficiency required by new-age customers. Experiences of the Serbian economy in e-commerce transactions are analyzed as well.
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