Today technology is part and parcel of professional translation, and translation has therefore been characterised as Translator-Computer Interaction (TCI) (O’Brien 2012). Translation is increasingly ...carried out using Translation Memory (TM) systems which incorporate machine translation (MT), referred to as MT-assisted TM translation, and in this type of tool, translators switch between editing TM matches and post-editing MT matches. It is generally assumed that translators’ attitudes towards technology impact on this interaction with the technology. Drawing on Eagly/Chaiken’s (1995) definition of attitudes as evaluations of entities with favour or disfavour and on qualitative data from a workplace study of TCI, conducted as part of a PhD dissertation (Bundgaard 2017) and partly reported on in Bundgaard et al. (2016), this paper explores translator attitudes towards TCI in the form of MT-assisted TM translation. In doing so, the paper has a particular focus on the disfavour towards TCI expressed by translators. Moreover, inspired by Olohan (2011), who applies Pickering’s “mangle of practice” theory and analyses resistance and accommodation in TCI, the paper focuses on how translators accommodate resistances offered by the tool. The study shows that the translators express disfavour towards MT in many respects, but also acknowledge positive aspects of the technology and expect MT to play a significant role in their future working lives. The translators do not make many positive or negative comments about TM which might indicate that TM is a completely integrated part of their processes. The translators seem to have a flexible and pragmatic attitude towards TCI, adapting to the tool’s imperfections and accommodating its resistances.
Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the membrana nictitans are rare in dogs. In twenty-three years only three cases have been diagnosed in Scandinavia. This study describes the three cases ...of malignant tumours of the membrana nictitans recorded by the Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, with reference to the clinical appearance and work-up, the treatment and prognosis, and the histopathological description including immunohistochemistry. The three cases are compared to previous publications on canine tumours of the nictitating membrane. We emphasize the importance of using protocols that are adapted to the specific species such as dogs. Opposite the human tissue responses, we even need more than one marker when diagnosing melanomas in dogs.
The dogs presented were an 8-year-old Dachshund, a 12-year-old Akita and a 14-year-old Shetland Sheepdog. All three dogs were entire females. All three nictitating membrane tumours developed on the right nictitating membrane as firm or multilobulated hyperaemic masses. Two of the tumours were macroscopically nonpigmented, the third being partly pigmented on the surface and ulcerated. According to the histopathology and for two of the cases immunohistochemistry with dog-adapted protocols the diagnoses included one hemangiosarcoma and two amelanotic melanomas. Tumour regrowth developed in all three cases and repeated resections were completed 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively, with recurrence experienced within 1.5 months - 3 years.
Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the canine membrana nictitans are rare. Treatment of choice should be complete excision with a minimal histologic tumour-free distance and in case of a recurrence a full resection of the nictitating membrane. We strongly recommend a dog-adapted protocol for immunohistochemistry.
Baseret på en generel opfattelse af, at overgangen mellem uddannelsestrin er central for fastholdelse af studerende, er formålet med denne artikel at undersøge de normer og adfærdsmønstre, som ...sprogstuderende har taget afsked med, såvel som deres oplevelse af overgangen til nye normer og adfærdsmønstre på første semester af deres universitetssprogstudium. Datagrundlaget omfatter undervisningsobservationer og uformelle samtaler på ungdomsuddannelser samt fokusgruppeinterviews med sprogstuderende på universitetet i starten af henholdsvis første og andet semester. Analyserne tydeliggør elementer i overgangen, som de studerende finder udfordrende.Dette gælder f.eks. grammatikundervisningen på universitetet, manglende sparring med medstuderende i studiegrupper, uklar relevans af bestemte fag og undervisernes praksis på den digitale læringsplatform. Resultaterne sammenholdes desuden med tidligere studier af overgange mellem uddannelsestrin.
The purpose of the thematic section is to gauge the temperature of MT today by tapping into a selection of critical discussions, thereby shedding light on some challenges to a perfect ...machine-translation (MT) situation.
Today technology is part and parcel of professional translation, and translation has therefore been characterised as Translator-Computer Interaction (TCI) (O’Brien 2012). Translation is increasingly ...carried out using Translation Memory (TM) systems which incorporate machine translation (MT), referred to as MT-assisted TM translation, and in this type of tool, translators switch between editing TM matches and post-editing MT matches. It is generally assumed that translators’ attitudes towards technology impact on this interaction with the technology. Drawing on Eagly/Chaiken’s (1995) definition of attitudes as evaluations of entities with favour or disfavour and on qualitative data from a workplace study of TCI, conducted as part of a PhD dissertation (Bundgaard 2017) and partly reported on in Bundgaard et al. (2016), this paper explores translator attitudes towards TCI in the form of MT-assisted TM translation. In doing so, the paper has a particular focus on the disfavour towards TCI expressed by translators. Moreover, inspired by Olohan (2011), who applies Pickering’s “mangle of practice” theory and analyses resistance and accommodation in TCI, the paper focuses on how translators accommodate resistances offered by the tool. The study shows that the translators express disfavour towards MT in many respects, but also acknowledge positive aspects of the technology and expect MT to play a significant role in their future working lives. The translators do not make many positive or negative comments about TM which might indicate that TM is a completely integrated part of their processes. The translators seem to have a flexible and pragmatic attitude towards TCI, adapting to the tool’s imperfections and accommodating its resistances.
Today technology is part and parcel of professional translation, and translation has therefore been characterised as Translator-Computer Interaction (TCI) (O'Brien 2012). Translation is increasingly ...carried out using Translation Memory (TM) systems which incorporate machine translation (MT), referred to as MT-assisted TM translation, and in this type of tool, translators switch between editing TM matches and post-editing MT matches. It is generally assumed that translators' attitudes towards technology impact on this interaction with the technology. Drawing on Eagly/Chaiken's (1995) definition of attitudes as evaluations of entities with favour or disfavour and on qualitative data from a workplace study of TCI, conducted as part of a PhD dissertation (Bundgaard 2017) and partly reported on in Bundgaard et al. (2016), this paper explores translator attitudes towards TCI in the form of MT-assisted TM translation. In doing so, the paper has a particular focus on the disfavour towards TCI expressed by translators. Moreover, inspired by Olohan (2011), who applies Pickering's "mangle of practice" theory and analyses resistance and accommodation in TCI, the paper focuses on how translators accommodate resistances offered by the tool. The study shows that the translators express disfavour towards MT in many respects, but also acknowledge positive aspects of the technology and expect MT to play a significant role in their future working lives. The translators do not make many positive or negative comments about TM which might indicate that TM is a completely integrated part of their processes. The translators seem to have a flexible and pragmatic attitude towards TCI, adapting to the tool's imperfections and accommodating its resistances.
Baseret på en generel opfattelse af, at overgangen mellem uddannelsestrin er central for fastholdelse af studerende, er formålet med denne artikel at undersøge de normer og adfærdsmønstre, som ...sprogstuderende har taget afsked med, såvel som deres oplevelse af overgangen til nye normer og adfærdsmønstre på første semester af deres universitetssprogstudium. Datagrundlaget omfatter undervisningsobservationer og uformelle samtaler på ungdomsuddannelser samt fokusgruppeinterviews med sprogstuderende på universitetet i starten af henholdsvis første og andet semester. Analyserne tydeliggør elementer i overgangen, som de studerende finder udfordrende.Dette gælder f.eks. grammatikundervisningen på universitetet, manglende sparring med medstuderende i studiegrupper, uklar relevans af bestemte fag og undervisernes praksis på den digitale læringsplatform. Resultaterne sammenholdes desuden med tidligere studier af overgange mellem uddannelsestrin.
The purpose of the thematic section is to gauge the temperature of MT today by tapping into a selection of critical discussions, thereby shedding light on some challenges to a perfect ...machine-translation (MT) situation.
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