Coniothyrium zuluense causes a serious canker disease of
Eucalyptus in various parts of the world. Very little is known regarding the taxonomy of this asexual fungus, which was provided with a name ...based solely on morphological characteristics. In this study we consider the phylogenetic position of
C. zuluense using DNA-based techniques. Distance analysis using 18S and ITS regions revealed extensive sequence divergence relative to the type species of
Coniothyrium,
C. palmarum and species of
Paraconiothyrium.
Coniothyrium zuluense was shown to be an anamorph species of
Mycosphaerella, a genus that includes a wide range of
Eucalyptus leaf and stem pathogens. Within
Mycosphaerella it clustered with taxa having pigmented, verruculose, aseptate conidia that proliferate percurrently and sympodially from pigmented conidiogenous cells arranged in conidiomata that vary from being pycnidial to acervular. The genus
Colletogloeopsis is emended to include species with pycnidial conidiomata, and the new combination
Colletogloeopsis zuluense is proposed. This is also the first report of the pathogen from China where it is associated with stem cankers on
Eucalyptus urophylla.
Re-entry adjustment affects Australian cross cultural workers returning home; and for many, loss and grief issues arise. General practitioners are often the first point of contact in the health care ...system and are well placed to deal with these issues.
This article examines strategies that GPs can use to support the Australian cross cultural worker on re-entry, and focuses on recognition of re-entry adjustment, the role of loss and grief issues, and the importance of dealing with these issues.
Australian cross cultural workers are valued members of their communities. However, their loss and grief issues associated with re-entry adjustment on return are often unrecognised and may lead to significant morbidity. Acknowledgment of their disenfranchised grief and appropriate therapy may be part of the role of their GP. Further research is needed to equip GPs to manage this important group in the Australian community.
An article, originally published on March 20, 1941, is reprinted. The liquefaction of gas for its storage, and as a solution to the problem of peak-load demands upon gas-distribution systems, has ...held the attention of engineers for years. In the past the only satisfactory solution to this requirement of large reserves for unusual demands has been storage of the gas in its natural state in tanks or holders of enormous size. To H.C. Cooper and the engineers of Hope Natural Gas Co. and Gas Machinery Corp. must go the credit for the development of an ingenious method of gas liquefaction and storage to overcome the difficulties experienced by fuel-gas suppliers everywhere. To East Ohio Gas Co. belongs the honor of pioneering the method on a commercial scale, for at that company's Cleveland headquarters there now stands the first plant of its kind.
The Biosphere II Project is a new type of research facility with diverse components that provides life support. It also permits the existence of thriving ecosystems allowing for indepth studies of ...the various components and processes in the biosphere.
Forestry as a social institution Burgess, T
Socio-economic effects and constraints in tropical forest management / edited by E.G. Hallsworth,
1982
Publication
Sphaeropsis sapinea is an endophyte and latent pathogen of pines, assumedly introduced to the Southern Hemisphere along with its host. There are at least three recognised forms of S. sapinea that ...differ from each other morphologically and can also be separated based on molecular characteristics. Pinus radiata is a native to California but has been used extensively for afforestation in the Southern Hemisphere. For this study, populations of S. sapinea were collected from exotic P. radiata plantations in South Africa, South and Western Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand and from native P. radiata in California. The genotypic diversity of the populations was assessed and compared using vegetative compatibility tests. SSR markers were used to determine the morphotype of isolates from each vegetative compatibility group. All Californian isolates of S. sapinea were found to be of the ‘B’ morphotype, while all introduced isolates in the Southern Hemisphere were of the ‘A’ morphotype. The genotypic diversities of S. sapinea populations ranged from extremely low in Australia to very high in South Africa with New Zealand having an intermediate genotypic diversity. S. sapinea is an asexual fungus and, therefore, different genotypes in an exotic population represent separate introductions. Our results suggest there have been very few introductions into Australia and multiple introductions into South Africa. In addition, it appears that S. sapinea isolates from P. radiata in the Southern Hemisphere did not originate from native P. radiata, but rather the widely planted exotic P. radiata has acquired this fungal endophyte from other Pinus within the exotic environment.
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