This study compared the microshear bond strengths (MSBS) of four self-etching adhesives (Adper Scotchbond SE SSE, Clearfil SE Bond CSE, Clearfil S3 Bond CS3 and One Coat 7.0 OC) and an etch-and-rinse ...adhesive (Adper Single Bond Plus SB) when bonded to two conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) (Fuji IX GP EXTRA and Riva Self Cure). The null hypothesis tested was there is no difference in the adhesive ability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive and self-etching adhesives when bonded to GIC for up to 6 months.
The GICs were embedded in type III dental stone and wet ground with 1200-grit SiC paper. Twenty specimens were bonded for each adhesive according to manufacturers' instructions with a 1.5-mm bonding diameter. Specimens were stored at 100% humidity for 24 hours, 1 month, or 6 months. Microshear bond strengths were obtained using a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results were calculated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test.
SB had significantly lower MSBS than the four self-etching adhesives for all storage periods. MSBS at 6 months for SB was significantly lower than at 1 month. There were no significant differences in MSBS among the self-etching adhesives. Cohesive failure within GIC was the most common failure mode observed.
SB showed a lower bond strength than the self-etching adhesives when bonded to conventional GICs for all storage periods. This might be a result of the phosphoric acid etching. However, cohesive strength of GIC was a limiting factor for the MSBS outcomes.
Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) nanocomplexes have been shown to prevent demineralization and promote remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in animal and in situ ...caries models. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of incorporating CPP-ACP into a self-cured glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Incorporation of 1.56% w/w CPP-ACP into the GIC significantly increased microtensile bond strength (33%) and compressive strength (23%) and significantly enhanced the release of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions at neutral and acidic pH. MALDI mass spectrometry also showed casein phosphopeptides from the CPP-ACP nanocomplexes to be released. The release of CPP-ACP and fluoride from the CPP-ACP-containing GIC was associated with enhanced protection of the adjacent dentin during acid challenge in vitro.
Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the effect of carbamide peroxide and casein phospho‐peptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP) on composite‐enamel bonding. Microshear bond strengths, ...using either a total‐etch or self‐etching adhesive, to enamel treated with carbamide peroxide and/or CPP‐ACP were investigated.
Materials and methods: Twenty‐six extracted human third molars were sectioned into four parts, each being allocated into one of the four groups (n=26): bleach (Polanight, 16% carbamide peroxide), CPP‐ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), bleach and then CPP‐ACP, or untreated (control). The surfaces were bonded with a total‐etch bonding system (Single Bond) or a self‐etching primer system (Clearfil SE Bond) and tested using a microshear test.
Results: A significant difference in bond strength was found between bonding systems. SE Bond showed the highest bond strength to untreated enamel (p < 0.05). The microshear bond strength of SE Bond decreased when the enamel was treated with carbamide peroxide, CPP‐ACP or both (p < 0.05). Only combined use of carbamide peroxide and CPP‐ACP significantly affected microshear bond strength with Single Bond.
Conclusion
: These findings suggest the shear bond strength of resin to enamel using a self‐etching priming adhesive may be affected if the enamel is treated with a bleaching agent or CPP‐ACP.
Summary Objectives The study aimed to evaluate, (a) the surface morphology of acid etched/conditioned enamel following carbamide peroxide bleaching with/without casein phosphopeptide-amorphous ...calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (Tooth Mousse (MI Paste); GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) treatment; and b) the nature of the bonded resin–enamel interfaces formed with a self-etching primer adhesive. Methods Twenty-four human adult molars were each sectioned into four, the specimens divided and treated according to four experimental groups: 1, no treatment; 2, 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching; 3, CPP-ACP paste; 4, bleaching and CPP-ACP paste. A self-etching primer adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, CSE) was used. The specimens were further divided into four subgroups for etching/conditioning: A, CSE Primer only; B, 30–40% phosphoric acid and CSE primer; C, 15% EDTA and CSE primer; D, 20% polyacrylic acid and CSE primer. Bonded specimens were also prepared. The morphology of the etched/conditioned enamel surfaces and polished resin–enamel interfaces of the bonded specimens were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results Treatment with CPP-ACP did not inhibit phosphoric acid etching of enamel. Poorly defined enamel etch patterns were observed with the other conditioners in all the groups. The morphology of the bonded resin–enamel interfaces observed on FE-SEM for each acid etching/conditioning subgroup was similar in all the experimental groups, except after bleaching. Resin infiltration into enamel was observed with prior phosphoric acid etching and polyacrylic acid conditioning and was unaffected by experimental group treatments. Conclusions The use of a CPP-ACP paste with or without prior bleaching did not inhibit enamel etching. Enamel etching/conditioning may help improve bonding efficiency of the self-etching primer adhesive after CPP-ACP treatment.
Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of intrinsic wetness on regional bond strengths of adhesive resins to dentin.
Methods: Human caries-free third molars were ...randomly divided into three groups for bonding: Group 1—no pulpal pressure; Group 2—pulpal pressure of 15
cm H
2O; and Group 3—dentin dried overnight in a desiccator. Clearfil Liner Bond II (Kuraray) or One Step (Bisco) adhesive resins systems were applied to the flat dentin surfaces and the teeth were restored with APX resin composite (Kuraray). After 24
h in water at 37°C, the specimens were sectioned into 0.7
mm thick slabs and divided into three regional subgroups according to the remaining dentin thickness and visual criteria: pulp horn, center, and periphery. The slabs were then trimmed for the micro-tensile bond test and subjected to a tensile force and crosshead of 1
mm/min. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test at a confidence level of 95%. The fracture modes were determined under a scanning electron microscope (JXA-840, JEOL, Japan).
Results: No significant regional difference was observed for the Group 1 and 2 specimens restored with Clearfil Liner Bond II (
p>0.05). However, bond strengths significantly decreased at the pulp horn region of the Group 1 and 2 specimens restored with One Step (
p<0.01). All bond strengths of Group 3 decreased significantly and regional differences were not evident (
p>0.05).
Significance: The dentin adhesive system should be chosen according to the substrate and region to be bonded, since bond strengths can vary according to the intrinsic wetness, region, and the adhesive system.
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths of seven dentin adhesive systems (Solid Bond, EBS-Multi, PermaQuik, One Coat Bond, Gluma One Bond, Prime & Bond ...NT/NRC and Clearfil Liner Bond 2V) and their respective fracture modes.
Methods. Superficial occlusal dentin of extracted human molars was exposed, finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and a block of resin composite bonded with the above adhesives according to the manufacturers' instructions. The teeth were kept in tap water for 24
h at 37°C, sectioned to obtain three or four bar-shaped specimens, which were then shaped to an hour-glass form of 1.2±0.02
mm diameter. The specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1
mm/min until rupture of the bond. The mean bond strengths were compared using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. The frequency of fracture modes was compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney
U-tests.
Results. Mean microtensile bond strengths ranged from (17.8±7.0)
MPa for Solid Bond to (36.0±8.1)
MPa for Clearfil Liner Bond 2V. The bond strength of Clearfil Liner Bond 2V and PermaQuik (30.8±8.5
MPa) were not significantly different, and were higher than all other materials. Bond strengths of Solid Bond (17.8±7.0)
MPa, EBS-Multi (18.7±5.0)
MPa, One Coat Bond (21.9±5.6)
MPa, and Gluma One Bond (23.4±5.2)
MPa were not significantly different. SEM examination indicated that Solid Bond, EBS-Multi and One Coat Bond showed no significant difference in failure modes but were significantly different from PermaQuik, Prime & Bond NT/NRC and Clearfil Liner Bond 2V.
Significance. The self-etching primer system, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, provided the simplest bonding technique, and together with PermaQuik exhibited greatest bond strength to dentin.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nanoleakage patterns of four dentin bonding systems.
Methods: The dentin bonding systems used in this study were: Single Bond, One Coat Bond, ...Prime & Bond NT/Non Rinse Conditioner (NRC), and PermaQuik. Flat occlusal dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and bonded with one of the dentin bonding systems. After 24
h storage at 37°C in water, margins were finished with polishing discs and the surrounding tooth surfaces coated with nail varnish. The samples were immersed in a 50% (w/v) solution of silver nitrate for 24
h, and exposed to photodeveloping solution for 8
h. The samples were cut longitudinally, polished, and mounted on stubs, carbon coated and observed in a Field Emission-SEM using backscattered electron mode.
Results: Different nanoleakage patterns were observed with the different adhesive systems. However, accumulations of silver particles were often noted at the base of the hybrid layer for all materials. Single Bond and One Coat Bond demonstrated uptake of silver particles both within the hybrid layer and the adhesive resin. Prime & Bond NT/NRC showed silver staining throughout almost the entire thickness of the hybrid layer. The leakage pattern of PermaQuik revealed loose silver deposition within the hybrid layer. The composition of each adhesive system may play a role in forming the different leakage patterns.
Significance: The current dentin bonding systems used in this study do not achieve perfect sealing at the restoration/dentin interface, which may influence the durability of the bond to dentin.
Abstract Objectives To evaluate microshear bond strength (MSBS) to dentine following application of a casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste (Tooth Mousse (TM)), and the effect of ...smear layer removal before paste application and preconditioning. Methods Specimens of polished human dentine were divided into two groups: 1, smear layer retained; 2, smear layer removed using 15% EDTA for 90 s. In each group, half the specimens were left untreated and half treated with TM for 60 min daily × 7 days. Each subgroup was divided into three further subgroups for conditioning (Primer only; 30–40% phosphoric acid (PA) + primer; 20% polyacrylic acid (CC) + primer). Two self-etching/priming adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and G-Bond (GB)) were used for bonding resin composite to superficial/deep dentine and after 24 h, stressed in shear until failure. Maximum loads at failure and bond failure modes were recorded. Group means were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test at α = 0.05. Results TM did not significantly affect MSBS in group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant increase in MSBS for CSE on deep dentine ( P = 0.002) and a reduction for GB ( P = 0.013) on superficial dentine. PA conditioning did not significantly affect MSBS for CSE and GB while CC significantly reduced MSBS for GB. Conclusions TM application did not reduce MSBS for CSE but significantly reduced MSBS for GB when the smear layer was removed before paste treatment. Preconditioning did not improve or worsen dentine MSBS for CSE or GB with/without TM, except when CC was used with GB.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the microtensile bond strengths of three glass ionomer cements to dentine (Photac-Fil Quick; Fuji II LC; Fuji IX GP) using four different ...conditioners (Ketac Conditioner; Dentin Conditioner; Cavity Conditioner; and an experimental conditioner, K-930).
Methods: Superficial occlusal dentine of extracted human third molars was exposed, finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and each of the above glass ionomer cements bonded using the four conditioners according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24
h in tap water at 37°C, the teeth were sectioned to obtain 3–4 bar-shaped specimens. Ten specimens were prepared for each group and shaped to an hour-glass form of (1.2±0.02)
mm diameter. The specimens were mounted in a jig and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1
mm/min until failure. The mean bond strengths were calculated and compared using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests, and the fracture modes were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Mean microtensile bond strengths for Photac-Fil Quick were not significantly different from Fuji II LC for each of the conditioners used. However, the bond strengths for Photac-Fil Quick were significantly greater than Fuji II LC when no conditioner was applied. Mean microtensile bond strengths of conditioned specimens of Fuji II LC were significantly greater than non-conditioned specimens. Mean microtensile bond strengths of non-conditioned specimens of Fuji IX GP were not significantly different from conditioned specimens. The fracture mode of all specimens demonstrated mostly cohesive failure within the cement.
Significance: The use of surface conditioners resulted in improvement in bond strength of Fuji II LC, while Photac-Fil Quick and Fuji IX GP showed no difference.
Background: Few data exist with respect to the clinical performance of all‐in‐one adhesive systems. However, their clinical use is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention and ...marginal staining of resin composite restorations bonded with Clearfil S3 Bond or G‐Bond all‐in‐one systems placed in non‐carious cervical lesions.
Materials and methods: Sixty restorations were placed in 11 subjects, mean age 62.5 years. Approval for the clinical trial was obtained from the Human Ethics Committee of The University of Melbourne. Restorations were bonded and placed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. No enamel etching was performed on the enamel margins prior to restoration placement. Patients were recalled at six months, and one year for evaluation of presence and marginal staining. Photographic records were obtained prior to restoration, immediately after and at recall.
Results: All patients could be recalled. All restorations were present at both recall periods. A 100 per cent retention rate was obtained. Slight marginal staining was observed on four restorations for S3 and three restorations for G‐Bond.
Conclusions: The early results of this clinical evaluation showed good outcomes for both materials.
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