The promising theoretical properties of diamond, together with the recent advances in producing high-quality single crystal diamond substrates, have increased the interest in using diamond in power ...electronic devices. This paper presents numerical and experimental off-state results for a diamond Schottky barrier diode (SBD), one of most studied unipolar devices in diamond. Finding a suitable termination structure is an essential step towards designing a high voltage diamond device. The ramp oxide structure shows very encouraging electronic performance when used to terminate diamond SBDs. High-k dielectrics are also considered in order to further improve the reliability and electrical performance of the structure.
Black and White students who enrolled in college by age 20 were selected from a national probability sample, in order to estimate the prevalence of having children and the effect of having a child on ...probability of graduation with a bachelor's degree. Black students reported significantly higher rates of having children than White students, but rates for Black students at historically Black universities were similar to those of Black students at predominantly White universities. After controlling for family background, achievement, and other student characteristics, having a child within 5 years of starting college generally reduced the probability of graduating with a bachelor's degree for Black women and White women and men. The independent effect of attending a historically Black college was significantly positive for Black women but not statistically significant for Black men.
Objective:The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of zotepine in the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia.
Method:Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (DSM‐III‐R criteria; n=158) ...were allocated on a random, double‐blind basis to receive zotepine (150 or 300 mg/day), chlorpromazine (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Symptoms were assessed on the BPRS, SANS and CGI scales at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 and patients were assessed at these times for adverse effects. Analysis was by analysis of variance on the intent‐to‐treat population, with last observation carried forward.
Results:Mean BPRS scores improved statistically significantly more with zotepine than chlorpromazine (point estimate of difference −12.4, 95% CI −18.3 to −6.5) or placebo (point estimate of difference −12.7, 95% CI −18.6 to −6.8). Zotepine produced significantly fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) than chlorpromazine.
Conclusion:Zotepine is an effective antipsychotic with low propensity for EPS.
Delivering Copper Inside Yeast and Human Cells Valentine, Joan Selverstone; Gralla, Edith Butler
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
1997-Oct-31, Letnik:
278, Številka:
5339
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Two reports about how copper (Cu) delivers itself inside yeast and human cells are discussed. It is known that two proteins, Atxl1 (1) and Cox17 (2), are responsible for Cu trafficking in yeast.
Ligating a protein at a specific site with a tag molecule containing a paramagnetic metal ion provides a versatile way of generating pseudocontact shifts (PCSs) in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ...spectra. PCSs can be observed for nuclear spins far from the tagging site, and PCSs generated from multiple tagging sites have been shown to enable highly accurate structure determinations at specific sites of interest, even when using flexible tags, provided the fitted effective magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (Δχ) tensors accurately back-calculate the experimental PCSs measured in the immediate vicinity of the site of interest. The present work investigates the situation where only the local structure of a protein region or bound ligand is to be determined rather than the structure of the entire molecular system. In this case, the need for gathering structural information from tags deployed at multiple sites may be queried. Our study presents a computational simulation of the structural information available from samples produced with single tags attached at up to six different sites, up to six different tags attached to a single site, and in-between scenarios. The results indicate that the number of tags is more important than the number of tagging sites. This has important practical implications, as it is much easier to identify a single site that is suitable for tagging than multiple ones. In an initial experimental demonstration with the ubiquitin mutant S57C, PCSs generated with four different tags at a single site are shown to accurately pinpoint the location of amide protons in different segments of the protein.
Objective To determine the relation of growth and nutritional status to pulmonary function in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Study design The relation of weight-for-age (WFA), ...height-for-age (HFA), percent ideal body weight (%IBW), and signs of lung disease at age 3 years with pulmonary function at age 6 years was assessed in 931 patients with CF. Associations of changes in WFA from age 3 to 6 on pulmonary function were also assessed. Results WFA, HFA, and %IBW were poorly associated with lung disease at age 3 years, but all were strongly associated with pulmonary function at age 6 years. Those with WFA below the 5th percentile at age 3 had lower pulmonary function at age 6 compared with those above the 75th percentile (FEV1: 86 ± 20 SD versus 102 ± 18 % predicted, respectively). Pulmonary function was highest in those whose WFA remained >10th percentile from age 3 to 6 (FEV1: 100 ± 19 % predicted) and lowest in those who remained <10th percentile (84 ± 21 % predicted). Patients with signs and symptoms of lung disease at age 3 years had lower pulmonary function at age 6 years. Conclusions Aggressive intervention early in life aimed at growth and nutrition and/or lung disease may affect pulmonary function. (J Pediatr 2003;142:624-30)
Patients undergoing multivisceral transplantation are particularly susceptible to post-operative infections due to immunosuppression and the inclusion of bowel in the transplanted graft. These ...patients typically receive broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal agents as prophylaxis and treatment. However, evidence for this is limited due to the small number of patients undergoing the procedure. We present a case of occult disseminated invasive aspergillosis infection in a patient who underwent multivisceral transplantation.
Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) is a powerful technique for identification of proteins derived from in‐gel digests by virtue of their matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass ...spectra. However, there are circumstances where the under‐representation of peptides in the mass spectrum and the complexity of the source proteome mean that PMF is inadequate as an identification tool. In this paper, we show that identification is substantially enhanced by inclusion of composition data for a single amino acid. Labelling in vivo with a stable isotope labelled amino acid (in this paper, decadeuterated leucine) identifies the number of such amino acids in each digest fragment, and show a considerable gain in the ability of PMF to identify the parent protein. The method is tolerant to the extent of labelling, and as such, may be applicable to a range of single cell systems.
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