Aims. We aim constrain the assembly history of clusters by studying the intracluster light (ICL) properties, estimating its contribution to the fraction of baryons in stars, f∗, and understanding ...possible systematics or bias using different ICL detection techniques. Methods. We developed an automated method, GALtoICL, based on the software GALAPAGOS, to obtain a refined version of typical BCG+ICL maps. We applied this method to our test case MACS J1206.2-0847, a massive cluster located at z ~ 0.44, which is part of the CLASH sample. Using deep multiband Subaru images, we extracted the surface brightness (SB) profile of the BCG+ICL and studied the ICL morphology, color, and contribution to f∗ out to R500. We repeated the same analysis using a different definition of the ICL, SBlimit method, i.e., a SB cut-off level, to compare the results. Results. The most peculiar feature of the ICL in MACS1206 is its asymmetric radial distribution, with an excess in the SE direction and extending toward the second brightest cluster galaxy, which is a post starburst galaxy. This suggests an interaction between the BCG and this galaxy that dates back to τ ≤ 1.5 Gyr. The BCG+ICL stellar content is ~8% of M∗,500, and the (de-) projected baryon fraction in stars is f∗ = 0.0177(0.0116), in excellent agreement with recent results. The SBlimit method provides systematically higher ICL fractions and this effect is stronger at lower SB limits. This is due to the light from the outer envelopes of member galaxies that contaminate the ICL. Though more time consuming, the GALtoICL method provides safer ICL detections that are almost free of this contamination. This is one of the few ICL study at redshift z > 0.3. At completion, the CLASH/VLT program will allow us to extend this analysis to a statistically significant cluster sample spanning a wide redshift range: 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.6.
Interdiffusion in the face-centered cubic (fcc) Co-W binary alloys was investigated by the diffusion-couple technique between 1273 K and 1573 K (1000 °C and 1300 °C), on which interdiffusion ...coefficients of the binary alloys up to 12 at. pct W were evaluated by using the Sauer–Freise method. The interdiffusion data were assessed to develop the atomic mobility for the fcc Co-W alloys and its validity was tested by simulating the diffusion-couple experiments.
•Both HAs and TFAs were detected in fried grass carp.•HAs concentrations was related to loss of water and fat content.•The types of TFAs of grass carp was consistent with that of the frying ...oil.•Linear relationship between the amount of 9t-18:1 in the refined soybean oil and No. of frying cycles was established.•The increasing of frying cycle times, provide the conditions for the formation of IQ, PhIP, MeIQx, and AαC.
The effects of frying temperature and the number of frying cycles on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) and trans fatty acids (TFAs) in grass carp were investigated. 9t-18:1 FAs was detected in all samples. The TFA contents of samples fried at 150–210°C were not significantly different (P>0.05). The content and number of different types of HAs increased with increasing frying temperature. 9H-pyrido3,4-bindole (Norharman), 1-methyl-9H-pyrido 3,4-bindole (Harman), and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimdazo4,5-fquinoxaline (7,8-diMeIQx) were detected in most of the tested samples. The differences in the surface colour (ΔE) increased with frying temperature, and ΔE of samples fried at 170°C was significantly higher than that of 150°C (P<0.05). The analysis of different cycle times revealed that the TFA levels increased with an increase in the usage period of the frying fat, and 9t,12t-18:2 FAs was detected after the 40th frying cycle. As the number of frying cycles increased, the number of different types of HAs increased, seven types of HAs were detected after the 25th frying cycle.
Anisotropic Ti(20nm)/NdFeB(100nm)Nd(10nm)/Ta(x nm)/Fe(y nm)/Ti(20nm) multilayer films were prepared, and the magnetic coupling mechanism between soft-/hard-magnetic (SM/HM) layers were systematically ...studied in order to understand the potential of anisotropic SM/HM nanocomposite magnets. Recoil behaviors were also investigated in films with various thicknesses of Fe layer. From experimental results, the roles of exchange coupling and magnetostatic coupling in the demagnetization process were clarified, which was further supported by micromagnetic simulations. For different thicknesses of Ta spacer layer, the demagnetization process was analyzed, and the coupling energy was estimated. This work also indicated that, using the proper thickness of Ta spacer layer, the (BH)max can be enhanced in the SM/HM nanocomposite magnets by a combination of weakened exchange coupling and magnetostatic coupling.
HUBS: Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor Cui, W.; Chen, L.-B.; Gao, B. ...
Journal of low temperature physics,
04/2020, Letnik:
199, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is proposed in China as a major X-ray mission for the next decade. It is designed to be highly focused scientifically, with two primary objectives: (1) detecting ...X-ray emission from hot baryons in intergalactic medium and circumgalactic medium (CGM), and characterizing their physical and chemical properties; (2) studying, based on the observations, the accretion and feedback processes that are thought to be highly relevant to the heating and chemical enrichment of the baryons in the CGM. Because of very low densities, the signal is expected to be very weak and thus technically difficult to detect. On the other hand, the spectrum of the emission is expected to be line rich, so it would be effective for detecting the hot baryons in bright emission lines. For that, an instrument with high spectral resolution, large effective area and large field of view (FoV) would be required. HUBS will couple a TES-based X-ray imaging spectrometer to a large FoV X-ray telescope to satisfy these requirements. A preliminary design of HUBS is presented.
Passengers' behavioral adjustments warrant greater attention in thermal comfort research in aircraft cabins. Thus, a field investigation on 10 commercial aircrafts was conducted. Environment ...measurements were made and a questionnaire survey was performed. In the questionnaire, passengers were asked to evaluate their thermal comfort and record their adjustments regarding the usage of blankets and ventilation nozzles. The results indicate that behavioral adjustments in the cabin and the use of blankets or nozzle adjustments were employed by 2/3 of the passengers. However, the thermal comfort evaluations by these passengers were not as good as the evaluations by passengers who did not perform any adjustments. Possible causes such as differences in metabolic rate, clothing insulation and radiation asymmetry are discussed. The individual difference seems to be the most probable contributor, suggesting possibly that passengers who made adjustments had a narrower acceptance threshold or a higher expectancy regarding the cabin environment. Local thermal comfort was closely related to the adjustments and significantly influenced overall thermal comfort. Frequent flying was associated with lower ratings for the cabin environment.
ABSTRACT
We search for the signature of cosmological shocks in stacked gas pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Specifically, we stack the latest ...Compton-y maps from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey on the locations of clusters identified in that same data set. The sample contains 516 clusters with mean mass $\langle M_{\rm 200m}\rangle = 10^{14.9} \, {\rm M}_\odot$ and redshift 〈z〉 = 0.55. We analyse in parallel a set of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations from the three hundred project. The SPT-SZ data show two features: (i) a pressure deficit at R/R200m = 1.08 ± 0.09, measured at 3.1σ significance and not observed in the simulations, and; (ii) a sharp decrease in pressure at R/R200m = 4.58 ± 1.24 at 2.0σ significance. The pressure deficit is qualitatively consistent with a shock-induced thermal non-equilibrium between electrons and ions, and the second feature is consistent with accretion shocks seen in previous studies. We split the cluster sample by redshift and mass, and find both features exist in all cases. There are also no significant differences in features along and across the cluster major axis, whose orientation roughly points towards filamentary structure. As a consistency test, we also analyse clusters from the Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter surveys and find quantitatively similar features in the pressure profiles. Finally, we compare the accretion shock radius ($R_{\rm sh,\, acc}$) with existing measurements of the splashback radius (Rsp) for SPT-SZ and constrain the lower limit of the ratio, $R_{\rm sh,\, acc}/R_{\rm sp}\gt 2.16 \pm 0.59$.
The structural features of a neutral extracellular glucan derived from Lactobacillus reuteri SK24.003 were investigated. Colonies of the strain SK24.003 exhibited a creamy and slimy morphological ...appearance on MRS solid medium and were identified as L. reuteri via 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The exopolysaccharide produced from sucrose was composed exclusively of glucose, and the weight-average molecular weight was 4.31 × 10(7)g/mol. The polysaccharide exhibited an α-(1→4) backbone with an α-(1→6) branch at every fourth residue, as deduced from both NMR and GC-MS data. The exopolysaccharide acted as a natural steel corrosion inhibitor. The results suggested that a novel α-glucan produced by L. reuteri SK24.00 could be broadly used in food and material field.
Fenugreek gum was extracted from defatted, deactivated fenugreek seeds (produced in Canada) at 10
°C for 2
h to give a yield of 22% with only 2.36% protein contaminates. Further purification of ...fenugreek gum was achieved by treating the gum solution with pronase to reduce the protein contaminates to 0.57%. High performance size exclusion chromatography showed that the enzyme treatment did not affect the molecular weight of the galactomannans. Monosaccharide and methylation analysis suggested that the extracted fenugreek galactomannans were highly substituted and the ratios of galactose to mannose were from 1.00:1.02 to 1.00:1.14. Although fenugreek gum exhibited higher molecular weight compared to locust bean gum and guar gum, the intrinsic viscosity and rheological behavior of fenugreek gum were reduced. This was attributed to the influence of the substitution patterns of the galactose on the mannosyl backbone chain. The purified fenugreek gum demonstrated less surface activity compared to the unpurified gum, which is in contradiction with the results reported in the literature. Detailed structural characterization of fenugreek gum has been done in order to elucidate the structure–functionality relationship of this gum and it will be reported in a subsequent paper.
ABSTRACT
It is observed that the short fatigue cracks grow faster than long fatigue cracks at the same nominal driving force and even grow at stress intensity factor range below the threshold value ...for long cracks in titanium alloy materials. The anomalous behaviours of short cracks have a great influence on the accurate fatigue life prediction of submersible pressure hulls. Based on the unified fatigue life prediction method developed in the authors' group, a modified model for short crack propagation is proposed in this paper. The elastic–plastic behaviour of short cracks in the vicinity of crack tips is considered in the modified model. The model shows that the rate of crack propagation for very short cracks is determined by the range of cyclic stress rather than the range of the stress intensity factor controlling the long crack propagation and the threshold stress intensity factor range of short fatigue cracks is a function of crack length. The proposed model is used to calculate short crack propagation rate of different titanium alloys. The short crack propagation rates of Ti‐6Al‐4V and its corresponding fatigue lives are predicted under different stress ratios and different stress levels. The model is validated by comparing model prediction results with the experimental data.
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