•Water-soluble glucopolysaccharide was obtained from sugary maize mutant.•The glucopolysaccharide exhibited a nanoparticle size with the range of 30–80nm.•The polysaccharide was composed of an α-1,4 ...backbone and an α-1,6 branched structure.•Digestibility of polysaccharide was influenced by granule size and molecular fine structure.
The structure and digestibility of endosperm water-soluble α-glucans from different sugary-1 maize mutants (Zhongtian 8#, Zhongtian 2# and Pintian 8#) were investigated. The yield of pure glucan was in the range of 25.91–34.38%. The α-glucan belonged to a typical native nano-scale particle and the average particle size was in the following order: Zhongtian 8# >Pintian 8# >Zhongtian 2#. The weight-average molar mass of glucans ranged from 1.69 to 2.08×107g/mol. The branch densities and α-1,6 linkages of Zhongtian 8#, Zhongtian 2# and Pintian 8#, were 8.60%, 8.77% and 9.51%, 7.71%, 6.58% and 6.81%, respectively. The resistant starch (10.06%) of Pintian 8# was lower than other two cultivars. The study showed that water-soluble glucan exhibited α-1,4-linked backbone with α-1,6 branch sites and digestibility was influenced by granule size, ratio of α-1,4 to α-1,6 linkages, molecular fine structure in this set of sugary maize mutants.
In this paper, the effect of C incorporation on the out-diffusion of B dopant in SiGe during high-temperature annealing and the out-diffusion of B dopant at different annealing temperatures were ...studied. The experimental results indicated that more than 0.1% C incorporation had a significant inhibitory effect on the out-diffusion of B, but that the inhibition was obviously reduced when the processing temperature was over 1050 °C. In addition, because the atomic radius of C is smaller than that of Si, Ge, the C incorporation compensates the strain of SiGe, and adjusts the lattice mismatch, thus enhancing the thermal stability of SiGe.
To investigate the point mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLC)of Xinjiang region.
...Five-hundred and eighty-two cases of paraffin-embedded tissue in patients with NSCLC were collected between January 2013 and December 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The DNA was extracted from these tissues by Qiagen kit, to test thirty-two mutations in EGFR exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 using fluorescent quantitative qRT-PCR technology by TaqMan probe; the clinicopathologic features of patients were analyzed according to the mutation status of EGFR.
There were 173 cases with EGFR gene mutation in 582 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue in patients with NSCLC, and the mutation rate was 29.7%(173/582). There were statistical difference in female patients (50.5%, 98/194), no history of smoking(47.3%, 96/203), high differentiation(6/9), adenosquamous carcinoma(6/11), peripheral location (34.9%,
Many patients with thyroid nodules are presently referred to surgery for not only therapeutic but also diagnostic purposes. The aim of noninvasive diagnostic methods is to optimize the selection of ...patients for surgery. Strain elastography (SE) enables the ultrasound-based determination of tissue elasticity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of SE for the differentiation of thyroid nodules in a prospective multicenter study.
The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov and was approved by the local ethics committees of all participating centers. All patients received an ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland including color Doppler US. In addition, all nodules were evaluated by SE (Hitachi Medical Systems) using qualitative image interpretation of color distribution (SE-ES), strain value and strain ratio.
Overall, 602 patients with 657 thyroid nodules (567 benign, 90 malignant) from 7 centers were included in the final analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, +LR were 21 %, 73 %, 86 %, 11 %, 0.8, respectively, for color Doppler US; 69 %, 75 %, 94 %, 30 %, 2.9, respectively, for SE-ES; 56 %, 81 %, 92 %, 32 %, 2.9, respectively, for SE-strain value; and 58 %, 78 %, 92 %, 30 %, 2.6, respectively, for SE-strain ratio. The diagnostic accuracy was 71 % for both strain value and strain ratio of nodules.
SE as an additional ultrasound tool improves the value of ultrasound for the work-up of thyroid nodules. It might reduce diagnostic surgery of thyroid nodules in the future.
Synergistic interactions between galactomannans (GMs) and non-pectic polysaccharides (NPP) from yellow mustard mucilage were investigated in the present study. Structural analysis revealed that NPP ...was mainly composed of β-1,4-
d glucosidic linkage. Four types of GMs, namely fenugreek gum (FG), guar gum (GG), tara gum (TG) and locust bean gum (LBG) with mannose to galactose ratios (M/G) of 1.2, 1.7, 3.0 and 3.7, respectively, were blended with NPP at various ratios. The viscoelastic properties of the mixtures were measured in order to evaluate the effects of GM/NPP blending ratio, M/G ratio, total polysaccharide concentration and pH on the synergistic interactions. Results revealed that at a total polysaccharide concentration of 0.5% (w/w), the highest synergism occurred at the GM/NPP blending ratio of 3/7 for all four types of GMs. The interaction between TG and NPP showed the highest synergy, followed by LBG/NPP, FG/NPP and GG/NPP. At a higher total polysaccharide concentration (1.0% w/w), the mixture of TG and NPP still exhibited the highest synergy, however, the order of synergy between NPP and other GMs was changed as FG/NPP, LBG/NPP and GG/NPP. At the total polysaccharide concentration of 0.5% and GM/NPP blending ratio of 3/7, neutral pH (pH 6.5) showed the strongest synergy compared to that at pH 2.0 and pH 12.0. The mechanism of the synergistic effects could be explained by a combination of segregative association model and junction zone model.
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial function in hyperglycemia-induced ...angiopathy. In this work, ROS scavenger, oxidizing agent tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBH), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blockers, and caspase inhibition are used to investigate whether PSG-1 may promote survival of human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) through preventing the overproduction of ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction. Experimental results show that exposure of HUVECs to 35.5 mmol/L glucose increases the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis. PSG-1, mPTP blocker, or caspase inhibition can reduce apoptosis and ROS generation. PSG-1 also increases mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein formation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) but inhibits Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. In summary, vascular protection of PSG-1 can be mediated by a mitochondria-ROS pathway. ROS generation and mPTP induction are critical for high glucose-mediated apoptosis. PSG-1 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction.
Time-dependent reliability considering corrosion and fatigue has received increasing attention recently. Many corrosion models have been proposed. In this paper, a new corrosion model which could ...better describe the corrosion process of actual steel structures under corrosive environment is proposed. This model is also compared with other existing corrosion models. The effect of corrosion models on the time-dependent reliability is studied using a steel plated element which has found wide applications in engineering structures. The advantages and the flexibility of the present corrosion model are demonstrated.
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