With the development of antitumor therapies, different treatment methods including monotherapy and combined therapy have achieved clinical efficacy in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ...mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Exon 19 deletion (ex19del) and exon 21 L858R mutation are common sensitive subtypes of EGFR mutation. However, potential distinct mechanisms are found from several dimensions including molecular structures, biological behaviors, concomitant mutations, resistance mechanisms and tumor mutation burdens. More evidence indicates the prognostic difference of EGFR subgroups. This review focused on the progress of potential distinct mechanisms and outcomes in clinical trials of advanced NSCLC patients with ex19del or exon 21 L858R mutation.
Duckweed can be utilised to produce ethanol, butanol and biogas, which are promising alternative energy sources to minimise dependence on limited crude oil and natural gas. The advantages of this ...aquatic plant include high rate of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake, high biomass yield and great potential as an alternative feedstock for the production of fuel ethanol, butanol and biogas. The objective of this article is to review the published research on growing duckweed for the production of the biofuels, especially starch enrichment in duckweed plants. There are mainly two processes affecting the accumulation of starch in duckweed biomass: photosynthesis for starch generation and metabolism‐related starch consumption. The cost of stimulating photosynthesis is relatively high based on current technologies. Considerable research efforts have been made to inhibit starch degradation. Future research need in this area includes duckweed selection, optimisation of duckweed biomass production, enhancement of starch accumulation in duckweeds and use of duckweeds for production of various biofuels.
Abstract
We report on analysis of observations of the bright transient X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 obtained during its 2017-2018 giant outburst with Insight-HXMT, NuSTAR, and Swift observatories. ...We focus on the discovery of a sharp state transition of the timing and spectral properties of the source at super-Eddington accretion rates, which we associate with the transition of the accretion disk to a radiation pressure dominated (RPD) state, the first ever directly observed for magnetized neutron star. This transition occurs at slightly higher luminosity compared to already reported transition of the source from sub- to super-critical accretion regime associate with onset of an accretion column. We argue that this scenario can only be realized for comparatively weakly magnetized neutron star, not dissimilar to other ultra-luminous X-ray pulsars (ULPs), which accrete at similar rates. Further evidence for this conclusion is provided by the non-detection of the transition to the propeller state in quiescence which strongly implies compact magnetosphere and thus rules out magnetar-like fields.
We revisit the diagonal ridge feature (diagonal distributions in the R, vφ plane) found in Gaia and present a timing analysis for it between Galactocentric distances of R = 7.5 and 12 kpc, using ...main-sequence turnoff and OB stars selected from the LAMOST Galactic spectroscopic surveys. We recover the ridge pattern in the R-vφ plane color coded by mean radial velocity and find that this feature is presented from very young (OB stars, few hundred megayears) to very old populations (τ = 9-14 Gyr). Meanwhile, some ridge features are also revealed in the metallicity Fe/H, /Fe, and vz distributions. In the LZ, vφ plane, one of the ridge patterns, with constant angular momentum per unit mass, shows variations with different age populations compared. However, the remaining two are relatively stable, implying there might be two kinds of ridge patterns with different dynamical origins and evolutions.
For the first time, to the authors' knowledge, the problem of the free vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) reinforced composite moderately thick rectangular plates with edges ...elastically restrained against transverse displacements and rotation of the plate cross section is considered. The element-free improved moving least-squares Ritz (IMLS-Ritz) method is employed for the analysis. The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), accounting for transverse shear strains and rotary inertia, is used in the theoretical formulation. The applicability of the formulation is illustrated by solving a selection of example problems. The numerical results are validated through comparison and convergence studies. The effect of elastically restrained edges on the vibration behavior of the FG-CNT reinforced composite plates is studied by taking into account the CNT volume fraction ratio, CNT distribution, plate thickness-to-width ratio and plate aspect ratio.
•Free vibration of CNT reinforced functionally graded plates is considered.•Plate edges are elastically restrained against translation and rotation.•The element-free IMLS-Ritz method is employed for the analysis.•The effect CNT distribution on the vibration behavior is examined.
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the changing prevalence of five chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs)- hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary ...disease (COPD), and asthma— and its multimorbidity (refers to the co-existence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual) across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China.
Measurements
Two cross-sectional health interviews and examination surveys were conducted among individuals aged ≥35 years in rural China. An individual socioeconomic position (SEP) index was constructed using principal component analysis. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and post-bronchodilator spirometry tests were recorded for each participant.
Results
The mean age and proportion of men was 56.1 years and 48.4% in 2011, while was 56.6 years and 49.4% in 2021. From 2011 to 2021, the overall prevalence of hypertension, stroke and COPD increased from 26.1%, 1.1%, and 8.7% to 40.4%, 2.4%, and 12.8%, respectively (P < 0.01), while prevalence of CHD (2.1% vs. 2.2%) and asthma (1.4% vs. 1.5%) did not differ between the two study years (P > 0.05). The prevalence of NCDs multimorbidity increased from 2.3% to 9.7%, and was also observed among subgroups categorized by sex, age, ethnicity, level of education, income, and SEP (P < 0.01). In addition, the relative increases in the prevalence of multimorbidity were greater among men, old individuals, ethnic minorities, and those with low level of education and low SEP. Both in 2011 and 2021, ethnic minorities and individuals with lower level of education and low SEP had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity of the five studied chronic NCDs than their counterparts (P <0.01).
Conclusions
The prevalence of NCDs multimorbidity increased substantially across all socioeconomic gradients in rural southwest China. Future interventions to further manage NCDs and their multimorbidity must be tailored to address socioeconomic factors.
ABSTRACT
Current and future cosmological surveys are targeting star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1 with nebular emission lines. We use a state-of-the-art semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and ...evolution to explore the large-scale environment of star-forming emission line galaxies (ELGs). Model ELGs are selected such that they can be compared directly with the DEEP2, VVDS, eBOSS-SGC, and DESI surveys. The large-scale environment of the ELGs is classified using velocity–shear–tensor and tidal–tensor algorithms. Half of the model ELGs live in filaments and about a third in sheets. Model ELGs that reside in knots have the largest satellite fractions. We find that the shape of the mean halo occupation distribution of model ELGs varies widely for different large-scale environments. To interpret our results, we also study fixed number density samples of ELGs and galaxies selected using simpler criteria, with single cuts in stellar mass, star formation rate, and O ii luminosity. The fixed number density ELG selection produces samples that are close to LO ii and SFR-selected samples for densities above 10−4.2 h3 Mpc−3. ELGs with an extra cut in stellar mass applied to fix their number density, present differences in sheets and knots with respect to the other samples. ELGs, SFR, and LO ii selected samples with equal number density have similar large-scale bias but their clustering below separations of 1h−1 Mpc is different.
A high coercivity of 2.35MAm−1 (29.5kOe) is demonstrated using perpendicular anisotropy Nd–Fe–B films. Single layer columnar grown Nd–Fe–B thin films with a coercivity comparable with that of ...sintered magnets (1.11MAm−1, 14.0kOe) were used as the starting film. The coercivity was doubled by annealing films capped with Nd, Nd/Cu, and Nd/Ag layers. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the Nd2Fe14B columnar grains were isolated by a Nd-rich grain boundary phase formed by diffusion of the capped layers into the grain boundaries of the polycrystalline Nd–Fe–B films. The temperature dependence of coercivity was lower than that of commercial sintered magnets. The coercivity of the Nd/Cu diffusion processed sample at 473K was 0.979MAm−1 (12.3kOe), which is higher than that of Nd10Dy4Fe80B6 sintered magnets.
As the eco-environmental crisis problems have gained the increasing social concerns, greenness, energy conservation, and environmental protection have become the inevitable trend of architectural ...development. The development of scientific technology has promoted the appearance of various new energy-saving and environment-friendly materials, and the popularized material application needs practical demonstration and technological support in a certain promotion process. The paper explores and studies the application of partial new energy-saving and environment-friendly materials in architectural engineering from the perspectives of wall, door and window, roof and etc.
•The molecular structure of flaxseed mucilage arabinoxylan was deduced.•The relationship of primary structure and conformation was established.•The structures of major flaxseed dietary fibers ...fractions were compared.
The structure of neutral fraction gum from flaxseed mucilage (FM-NFG) was studied for better understanding of the relationship between primary structure and conformation. Based on methylation/GC–MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the structure of FM-NFG was proposed as arabinoxylans. Flaxseed mucilage arabinoxylans contained β-1,4-linked xylose backbones, which were mainly substituted at O-2 and/or O-3 positions by 1–3 sugar residues. The possible branches included → 5)-α-l-Araf-(1 → (17.3 mol%), → 3)-α-l-Araf-(1 → (4.9 mol%), and → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → (3.5 mol%), which were ended with three terminal sugar units: T-β-d-Xylp-(1 → (15.5 mol%), T-α-d-Glap-(1 → (4.5 mol%), and T-α-l-Araf-(1 → (2.6 mol%). The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of flaxseed mucilage arabinoxylans was calculated to be 1747 kDa by static light scattering (SLS), and it exhibited random coil conformation. The proposed structure and conformational models confirmed that different backbone sugar units especially substitution positions directly contributed to the conformational diversity and rigidity of polysaccharide molecules.
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