Abstract
The use of instrumental tools for improving both the diagnostic accuracy and the prognostic soundness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) plays an important role. However, the ...most recent international guidelines on DOC published by the American and the European Academies of Neurology and by the UK Royal College of Physicians contain heterogeneous recommendations on the implementation of these techniques in the clinical routine for both diagnosis and prognosis. With the present work, starting from the comparison of the DOC guidelines’ recommendations, we look for possible explanations behind such discrepancies considering the adopted methodologies and the reference health systems that could have affected the guidelines’ perspectives. We made a provocative argument about the need to find the most appropriate common methodology to retrieve and grade the evidence, increase the meta-analytic studies, and reduce the health policies that influence on the guidelines development that, in turn, should inform the health policies with the strongest scientific evidence.
Sinonasal cancer (SNC) is a rare tumor with predominant occupational etiology associated with exposures to specific carcinogens. The aim of this study is to describe SNC cases recorded in Italy in ...the period 2000-2016.
Clinical information, occupational history, and lifestyle habits of SNC cases collected in the Italian Sinonasal Cancer Register were examined. Age-standardized rates were estimated.
Overall, 1529 cases were recorded. The age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were 0.65 in men and 0.26 in women. Occupational exposures were predominant among the attributed exposure settings, primarily to wood and leather dusts. Other putative causal agents included chrome, solvents, tannins, formaldehyde, textile dusts, and pesticides. Many cases had unknown exposure.
Epidemiological surveillance of SNC cases and their occupational history is fundamental for monitoring the occurrence of the disease in exposed workers in industrial sectors generally not considered at risk of SNC as well as in non-occupational settings.
By following the scheme of the Grid Empowered Molecular Simulator (GEMS), a new O2 + N2 intermolecular potential, built on ab initio calculations and experimental (scattering and second virial ...coefficient) data, has been coupled with an appropriate intramolecular one. On the resulting potential energy surface detailed rate coefficients for collision induced vibrational energy exchanges have been computed using a semiclassical method. A cross comparison of the computed rate coefficients with the outcomes of previous semiclassical calculations and kinetic experiments has provided a foundation for characterizing the main features of the vibrational energy transfer processes of the title system as well as a critical reading of the trajectory outcomes and kinetic data. On the implemented procedures massive trajectory runs for the proper interval of initial conditions have singled out structures of the vibrational distributions useful to formulate scaling relationships for complex molecular simulations.
We report in this paper an investigation on energy transfer processes from vibration to vibration and/or translation in thermal and subthermal regimes for the O
+ N
system performed using ...quantum-classical calculations on different empirical, semiempirical, and ab initio potential energy surfaces. In particular, the paper focuses on the rationalization of the non-Arrhenius behavior (inversion of the temperature dependence) of the quasi-resonant vibration-to-vibration energy transfer transition rate coefficients at threshold. To better understand the microscopic nature of the involved processes, we pushed the calculations to the detail of the related cross sections and analyzed the impact of the medium and long-range components of the interaction on them. Furthermore, the variation with temperature of the dependence of the quasi-resonant rate coefficient on the vibrational energy gap between initial and final vibrational states and the effectiveness of quantum-classical calculations to overcome the limitations of the purely classical treatments were also investigated. These treatments, handled in an open molecular science fashion by chaining data and competencies of the various laboratories using a grid empowered molecular simulator, have allowed a rationalization of the dependence of the computed rate coefficients in terms of the distortion of the O
-N
configuration during the diatom-diatom collisions. A way of relating such distortions to a smooth and continuous progress variable, allowing a proper evolution from both long to closer range formulation of the interaction and from its entrance to exit channel (through the strong interaction region) relaxed graphical representations, is also discussed in the paper.
Prompted by a comparison of measured and computed rate coefficients of Vibration-to-Vibration and Vibration-to-Translation energy transfer in O2 + N2 non-reactive collisions, extended semiclassical ...calculations of the related cross sections were performed to rationalize the role played by attractive and repulsive components of the interaction on two different potential energy surfaces. By exploiting the distributed concurrent scheme of the Grid Empowered Molecular Simulator we extended the computational work to quasiclassical techniques, investigated in this way more in detail the underlying microscopic mechanisms, singled out the interaction components facilitating the energy transfer, improved the formulation of the potential, and performed additional calculations that confirmed the effectiveness of the improvement introduced.
We report in this paper an investigation on energy transfer processes from vibration to vibration and/or translation in thermal and subthermal regimes for the O2 + N2 system performed using ...quantum–classical calculations on different empirical, semiempirical, and ab initio potential energy surfaces. In particular, the paper focuses on the rationalization of the non-Arrhenius behavior (inversion of the temperature dependence) of the quasi-resonant vibration-to-vibration energy transfer transition rate coefficients at threshold. To better understand the microscopic nature of the involved processes, we pushed the calculations to the detail of the related cross sections and analyzed the impact of the medium and long-range components of the interaction on them. Furthermore, the variation with temperature of the dependence of the quasi-resonant rate coefficient on the vibrational energy gap between initial and final vibrational states and the effectiveness of quantum–classical calculations to overcome the limitations of the purely classical treatments were also investigated. These treatments, handled in an open molecular science fashion by chaining data and competencies of the various laboratories using a grid empowered molecular simulator, have allowed a rationalization of the dependence of the computed rate coefficients in terms of the distortion of the O2–N2 configuration during the diatom–diatom collisions. A way of relating such distortions to a smooth and continuous progress variable, allowing a proper evolution from both long to closer range formulation of the interaction and from its entrance to exit channel (through the strong interaction region) relaxed graphical representations, is also discussed in the paper.
We highlight the isotope and surface temperature effects for hydrogen atom recombination on a graphite surface. The reaction dynamics is studied using the semiclassical collisional method, according ...to which the mass and temperature effects are due to the coupling between the H/D dynamics and the dynamics of the phonon excitation/de-excitation mechanism of the substrate. All possible collisional schemes with H/D adsorbed on the surface and H/D impinging from the gas phase are considered. In particular, we focus on the recombination reaction between an H atom colliding with a D atom adsorbed on the surface and a D atom incident on an H adatom. For H(2) and D(2) formation, the surface temperature effect is investigated by comparing the results obtained for T(S)=800 K with those obtained at T(S)=500 K and T(S)=100 K. Despite the low masses involved in the dynamics, effective isotope and temperature effects were observed on the recombination probabilities, reaction energetics, and roto-vibrational states of formed molecules. The results show the need for correct treatment of the multiphonon excitation mechanism in molecule-surface interactions.
A safe childhood respecting sexual rights forms the foundation of an individual’s sexual health. However, the understanding, support, and protection of early sexuality are seldom discussed. Children ...already express their sexuality verbally and behaviorally in daycare, often requiring a response from staff. These day-to-day situations may have an influence on children’s later sexuality. The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and BZgA (
2010
) published a framework for professionals on age-appropriate, holistic sexuality education. Using this framework, we evaluated children’s sexuality-related expressions in Finnish daycare. Our nationwide questionnaire among professionals in early childhood education and care (
n
= 507) focused on how 1–6-year-old children expressed their sexuality in their speech and behavior. All eight topics in the WHO framework emerged regularly. The two most prevalent topics were the body and emotions. Also, 71% of professionals had a child in their group who masturbated openly. Early sexual development manifested as curiosity about one’s own body, exploring its functions, traits, and attributes, while on an emotional level it manifested as abundant feelings of infatuation and tenderness, shown openly toward those—peers and adults alike—whom the child cares for. Childhood sexuality is broadly and diversely present in children’s verbal and behavioral expressions in daycare settings. Children need and have the right to receive explicit responses related to issues concerning their sexual development and to receive age-appropriate information, skills, and attitudes fostering healthy development.
PDF
