Over the last few years, novel anthropometric indices have been developed as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and other traditional anthropometric measurements to enhance the estimate of fat ...proportion and its relationship to a future cardiovascular event. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) estimated by Doppler ultrasound with current anthropometric indices (traditional and novel).
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 789 Spanish patients. Traditional (BMI, WHR, and WHtR) and new (WWI, AVI, ABSI, BRI, BAI, CUN-BAE, and CI) anthropometric indices were determined, and carotid Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate c-IMT (≥0.90 mm).
Most of the anthropometric indices analyzed were significantly higher among patients with pathological c-IMT, except for BMI, BAI, and CUN-BAE. In multiple linear regression analysis, c-IMT was positively related to ABSI, AVI, BRI, CI, and WWI but not to CUN-BAE, BAI, or traditional anthropometric indices. Similarly, in univariate analysis, all indices were associated with a c-IMT of ≥0.90 mm (
< 0.05), except BMI, BAI, and CUN-BAE; however, only ABSI (adjusted OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08-2.40;
= 0.017), CI (adjusted OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.15-2.60;
= 0.008), and WWI (adjusted OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.14-2.64;
= 0.009) were significantly associated in multivariate analysis. Finally, CI, ABSI, and WWI provided the largest AUC, and BMI and CUN-BAE showed the lowest AUC.
ABSI, CI, and WWI were positively associated with pathological c-IMT (≥0.90 mm), independent of other confounders.
Objectives: The most appropriate targets for systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic artery disease remain controversial. We ...compared the rate of subsequent ischemic events or death according to mean SBP levels during follow-up. Design: Prospective cohort study. FRENA is an ongoing registry of stable outpatients with symptomatic coronary (CAD), cerebrovascular (CVD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD). Setting: 24 Spanish hospitals. Participants: 4789 stable outpatients with vascular disease. Results: As of June 2017, 4789 patients had been enrolled in different Spanish centres. Of these, 1722 (36%) had CAD, 1383 (29%) CVD and 1684 (35%) PAD. Over a mean follow-up of 18 months, 136 patients suffered subsequent myocardial infarction, 125 had ischemic stroke, 74 underwent limb amputation, and 260 died. On multivariable analysis, CVD patients with mean SBP levels 130–140 mm Hg had a lower risk of mortality than those with levels <130 mm Hg (hazard ratio (HR): 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.77), as did those with levels >140 mm Hg (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.84). PAD patients with mean SBP levels >140 mm Hg had a lower risk for subsequent ischemic events (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.39–0.83) and those with levels 130–140 mm Hg (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29–0.78) or >140 mm Hg (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21–0.50) had a lower risk of mortality. We found no differences in patients with CAD. Conclusions: In this real-world cohort of symptomatic arterial disease patients, most of whom are not eligible for clinical trials, the risk of subsequent events and death varies according to the levels of SBP and the location of previous events. Especially among patients with large artery atherosclerosis, PAD or CVD, SBP <130 mm Hg may result in increased mortality. Due to potential factors in this issue, Prospective, well designed studies are warranted to confirm these observational data.
Background: The simultaneous effect of physical activity (PA) and smoking on pulmonary function in young people remains unclear. Propose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ...smoking and PA on pulmonary function in young university students in Cáceres, Spain. Methods: A sample of 120 young nursing students was studied (60 smokers and 60 nonsmokers). All subjects underwent spirometry with a COPD-6 portable device, and their level of PA was quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The influence of PA and smoking on pulmonary function was determined by comparing hypotheses. Results: Significant differences were observed between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percent forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds, lung age, and the difference between lung age and chronological age (LA-CA) in those who practiced mild PA. In the subjects who performed moderate and vigorous PA, these differences were not noted. In the intragroup analysis, significant differences were observed in smokers in terms of percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percent forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds, lung age, and LA-CA; however, in the control group, differences were only observed in terms of lung age and LA-CA. These findings were confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Our findings confirmed a deterioration in pulmonary function in smokers who did not perform moderate or vigorous PA. The level of PA performed was positively related to pulmonary function in smokers, whereas in nonsmokers, improvements were only significant in LA-CA.
Antecedentes: En los últimos años, se han desarrollado nuevos índices antropométricos como alternativa al índice de masa corporal (IMC) para mejorar la estimación de la proporción de grasa y su ...relación con un futuro evento cardiovascular. El más utilizado es a body shape index (ABSI) que estima la adiposidad corporal y obesidad visceral mediante el perímetro de la cadera ajustado a la talla y el peso. Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio fue estudiar la posible asociación entre el riesgo cardiovascular con el nuevo índice antropométrico ABSI en comparación con los índices antropométricos tradicionales IMC, índice cintura cadera (ICC) e índice cintura talla (ICT) en una población española. Metodología: En este estudio transversal se analizaron 576 pacientes que acudieron consecutivamente a una consulta de riesgo vascular entre septiembre de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. Se calcularon los índices antropométricos tradicionales (IMC, ICC e ICT) y ABSI, y se estimó el riesgo cardiovascular mediante la escala de estratificación de Framingham, clasificando a los participantes en riesgo bajo, moderado o alto para sufrir un futuro evento cardiovascular. Resultados: todos los índices antropométricos analizados fueron significativamente asociados a alto riesgo cardiovascular en el análisis univariante (p<0,05); sin embargo, sólo ABSI (OR:1,90; IC95%:1,16-3,30; p=0,012) se asoció significativamente el análisis multivariante. Conclusión: Sólo ABSI se asoció de forma significativamente a alto riesgo cardiovascular, independientemente de otros factores de confusión.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is found in the rhizomes of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.) and has been used for centuries as a dietary spice and as a traditional Indian medicine used to treat ...different conditions. At the cellular level, curcumin modulates important molecular targets: transcription factors, enzymes, cell cycle proteins, cytokines, receptors and cell surface adhesion molecules. Because many of the curcumin targets mentioned above participate in the regulation of bone remodeling, curcumin may affect the skeletal system. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule generated from L-arginine during the catalization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and it plays crucial roles in catalization and in the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Human osteoblasts have been shown to express NOS isoforms, and the exact mechanism(s) by which NO regulates bone formation remain unclear. Curcumin has been widely described to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, at least in part via direct interference in NF-κB activation. In the present study, after exposure of human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63), we have observed that curcumin abrogated inducible NOS expression and decreased NO levels, inhibiting also cell prolifieration. This effect was prevented by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. Under osteogenic conditions, curcumin also decreased the level of mineralization. Our results indicate that NO plays a role in the osteoblastic profile of MG-63 cells.
Background: The simultaneous effect of physical activity (PA) and smoking on pulmonary function in young people remains unclear. Propose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ...smoking and PA on pulmonary function in young university students in Cáceres, Spain. Methods: A sample of 120 young nursing students was studied (60 smokers and 60 nonsmokers). All subjects underwent spirometry with a COPD-6 portable device, and their level of PA was quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The influence of PA and smoking on pulmonary function was determined by comparing hypotheses. Results: Significant differences were observed between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percent forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds, lung age, and the difference between lung age and chronological age (LA–CA) in those who practiced mild PA. In the subjects who performed moderate and vigorous PA, these differences were not noted. In the intragroup analysis, significant differences were observed in smokers in terms of percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percent forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds, lung age, and LA–CA; however, in the control group, differences were only observed in terms of lung age and LA–CA. These findings were confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Our findings confirmed a deterioration in pulmonary function in smokerswho did not perform moderate or vigorous PA. The level of PA performed was positively related to pulmonary function in smokers, whereas in nonsmokers, improvements were only significant in LA–CA.
The purpose of this study was to: (a) determine the relationship between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) results and anthropometric, dietary and body composition factors and establish reference ranges ...for amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) in the phalanges and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneus of children from Extremadura, Spain, and (b) to present reference curves for this population. Healthy children (
n
= 245), aged 4–16 years, were included (124 girls and 121 boys). Phalangeal and calcaneal QUS measurements were performed using DBM Sonic Bone Profiler and McCue CUBA Clinical ultrasound devices, respectively. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated by anthropometric methods. Fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass (FFM) and total body water (TBWater) were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance measurements using a Holtain body composition analyzer. Food intake was evaluated by a 7-day food record. A gender analysis revealed that Ad-SoS and BUA parameters increased significantly with age and that both positively correlated with age, weight, height, BMI, FFM and TBWater. For both genders, Ad-SoS showed significant and positive correlations with age, weight, height, BMI, FFM, BUA and TBWater.
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