Background
Oclacitinib administered at the licensed dose twice daily for two weeks and then once daily as required is recommended for the treatment of atopic dogs. In some cases, the once‐daily ...regimen is insufficient to control the clinical signs.
Objectives
To provide preliminary safety and efficacy data on the prolonged twice‐daily administration of oclacitinib in atopic dogs.
Animals
Fifty‐three client‐owned atopic dogs.
Methods and materials
The medical records of dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with oclacitinib twice daily for more than two weeks were reviewed retrospectively. Animal details, treatment dose and duration, concurrent diseases, adjunctive medications and possible adverse events were recorded. Treatment efficacy was assessed retrospectively and, when available, the selected blood parameters before and during the treatment were compared. Statistical analyses of the collected data were performed.
Results
The median treatment duration was 113 days. Excellent‐to‐good efficacy was observed in 38 dogs (72%), including 24 of 33 dogs that failed to respond to the once‐daily regimen. Eight dogs showed a poor response despite the addition of systemic glucocorticoids. Pyoderma, gastrointestinal signs and otitis externa were the most frequent adverse events recorded whilst on treatment. Blood tests performed in 35 dogs showed slightly decreased leucocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte counts that remained within the reference ranges in most cases. Three dogs developed hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Prolonged twice‐daily administration of oclacitinib generally was well‐tolerated and was effective in most of the treated dogs. Regular clinical evaluation and blood tests are advisable for this treatment regimen.
Background – Oclacitinib administered at the licensed dose twice daily for two weeks and then once daily as required is recommended for the treatment of atopic dogs. In some cases, the once‐daily regimen is insufficient to control the clinical signs. Objectives – To provide preliminary safety and efficacy data on the prolonged twice‐daily administration of oclacitinib in atopic dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance – Prolonged twice‐daily administration of oclacitinib generally was well‐tolerated and was effective in most of the treated dogs. Regular clinical evaluation and blood tests are advisable for this treatment regimen.
Résumé
Contexte
L'oclacitinib administré à la dose autorisée deux fois par jour pendant deux semaines puis une fois par jour selon les besoins est recommandé pour le traitement des chiens atopiques. Dans certains cas, le régime à prise unique quotidienne est insuffisant pour contrôler les signes cliniques.
Objectifs
Fournir des données préliminaires d'innocuité et d'efficacité sur l'administration biquotidienne prolongée d'oclacitinib chez les chiens atopiques.
Animaux
Cinquante‐trois chiens atopiques appartenant à des clients.
Matériels et méthodes
Les dossiers médicaux des chiens atteints de dermatite atopique traités par oclacitinib deux fois par jour pendant plus de deux semaines ont été revus rétrospectivement. Les détails sur les animaux, la dose et la durée du traitement, les maladies concomitantes, les médicaments d'appoint et les événements indésirables possibles ont été enregistrés. L'efficacité du traitement a été évaluée rétrospectivement et, lorsqu'ils étaient disponibles, les paramètres sanguins sélectionnés avant et pendant le traitement ont été comparés. Des analyses statistiques des données recueillies ont été effectuées.
Résultats
La durée médiane de traitement était de 113 jours. Une efficacité excellente à bonne a été observée chez 38 chiens (72 %), dont 24 des 33 chiens qui n'ont pas répondu au régime à prise unique quotidienne. Huit chiens ont montré une mauvaise réponse malgré l'ajout de corticoïdes systémiques. La pyodermite, les signes gastro‐intestinaux et l'otite externe ont été les événements indésirables les plus fréquemment enregistrés pendant le traitement. Des tests sanguins effectués chez 35 chiens ont montré une légère diminution des numérations de leucocytes, de neutrophiles, d'éosinophiles et de monocytes qui sont restées dans les plages de référence dans la plupart des cas. Trois chiens ont développé une hypercholestérolémie.
Conclusions et pertinence clinique
L'administration prolongée d'oclacitinib deux fois par jour a généralement été bien tolérée et a été efficace chez la plupart des chiens traités. Une évaluation clinique régulière et des tests sanguins sont recommandés pour ce régime de traitement.
Resumen
Introducción
se recomienda la administración de oclacitinib a la dosis autorizada dos veces al día durante dos semanas y luego una vez al día, según sea necesario, para el tratamiento de perros atópicos. En algunos casos, el régimen de una vez al día es insuficiente para controlar los signos clínicos.
Objetivos
proporcionar datos preliminares de seguridad y eficacia durante la administración prolongada dos veces al día de oclacitinib en perros atópicos.
Animales
cincuenta y tres perros atópicos de propietarios particulares.
Métodos y materiales
se revisaron retrospectivamente los historiales médicos de perros con dermatitis atópica tratados con oclacitinib dos veces al día durante más de dos semanas. Se registraron los detalles de los animales, la dosis y la duración del tratamiento, las enfermedades concurrentes, los medicamentos complementarios y los posibles eventos adversos. La eficacia del tratamiento se evaluó retrospectivamente y, cuando estuvieron disponibles, se compararon los parámetros sanguíneos seleccionados antes y durante el tratamiento. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de los datos recopilados.
Resultados
la duración media del tratamiento fue de 113 días. Se observó una eficacia de excelente a buena en 38 perros (72%), incluidos 24 de 33 perros que no respondieron al régimen de una vez al día. Ocho perros mostraron una mala respuesta a pesar de la adición de glucocorticoides sistémicos. Pioderma, signos gastrointestinales y otitis externa fueron los eventos adversos más frecuentes observados durante el tratamiento. Los análisis de sangre realizados en 35 perros mostraron recuentos de leucocitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos y monocitos ligeramente disminuidos que permanecieron dentro de los rangos de referencia en la mayoría de los casos. Tres perros desarrollaron hipercolesterolemia.
Conclusiones y relevancia clínica
la administración prolongada dos veces al día de oclacitinib fue generalmente bien tolerada y eficaz en la mayoría de los perros tratados. Se recomiendan evaluaciones clínicas y análisis de sangre regulares para este régimen de tratamiento.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Oclacitinib wird für die Behandlung von atopischen Hunden bei der zugelassenen Dosis zweimal täglich zwei Wochen lang und danach einmal täglich empfohlen. Bei einigen Fällen ist die einmal tägliche Anwendung zur Kontrolle der klinischen Zeichen zu wenig.
Ziele
Eine Vorlage der vorläufigen Sicherheits‐ und Wirksamkeitsdaten der verlängerten zweimal täglichen Verabreichung von Oclacitinib bei atopischen Hunden.
Tiere
Dreiundfünfzig atopische Hunde in Privatbesitz.
Methoden und Materialien
Die medizinischen Daten von Hunden mit atopischer Dermatitis, die zweimal täglich mehr als zwei Wochen lang behandelt worden waren, wurden retrospektiv reviewed. Details der Tiere, Behandlungsdosis und ‐dauer, Vorerkrankungen, zusätzliche Medikationen und mögliche Nebenwirkungen wurden festgehalten. Die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung wurde retrospektiv erfasst und wenn verfügbar, wurden die ausgewählten Blutparameter vor und nach der Behandlung verglichen. Mit den gesammelten Daten wurde eine statistische Analyse durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Die mediane Behandlungsdauer betrug 113 Tage. Ausgezeichnete‐bis‐gute Wirksamkeit wurde bei 38 Hunden (72%), inklusive 24 der 33 Hunde, die auf die einmal tägliche Verabreichung nicht ausreichend reagiert hatten, beobachtet. Acht Hunde zeigten eine ungenügende Besserung trotz der zusätzlichen Gabe von systemischen Glucocorticoiden. Pyoderma, gastrointestinale Zeichen und Otitis externa waren die am häufigsten beschriebenen Nebenwirkungen während der Behandlung. Blutuntersuchungen, die bei 35 Hunden durchgeführt wurden, zeigten geringgradig erhöhte Leukozyten, Neutrophile, Eosinophile und Monozytenzahlen, die bei den meisten Fällen innerhalb der Referenzwerte blieben. Drei Hunde entwickelten eine Hypercholesterolämie.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Eine verlängerte zweimal tägliche Verabreichung von Oclacitinib wurde generell gut toleriert und war bei den meisten der behandelten Hunde wirksam. Eine regelmäßige klinische Evaluierung und Bluttests sind bei diesem Behandlungsschema empfohlen.
要約
背景
アトピー犬の治療には、オクラシチニブの1日2回投与で2週間、その後必要に応じて1日1回の投与が推奨されている。しかし、1日1回の投与では臨床症状を抑えることができない場合がある。
目的
本研究の目的は、アトピー犬におけるオクラシチニブの1日2回の長期投与に関する安全性および有効性の予備的データを提供することであった。
供試動物
オーナー所有アトピー犬 53 頭。
材料と方法
オクラシチニブを 1 日 2 回、2 週間以上投与したアトピー性皮膚炎の犬のカルテを回顧的に検討した。動物の詳細、治療量および期間、併発疾患、補助薬、起こりうる有害事象を記録した。治療効果を回顧的に評価し、可能であれば、治療前および治療中の選択された血液パラメータを比較した。収集されたデータの統計解析を実施した。
結果
治療期間の中央値は113日であった。1日1回投与で無効となった33頭中24頭を含む38頭(72%)で有効性が確認され、良好であった。また，全身性グルココルチコイド製剤を追加したにもかかわらず，効果が不十分であった犬は8頭であった。有害事象は，膿皮症，消化器症状および外耳炎が主なものであり，1日1回投与では，膿皮症，消化器症状および外耳炎は認められなかった.血液検査では、35頭の犬で白血球、好中球、好酸球、単球の数がわずかに減少したが、ほとんどの症例で基準範囲内にとどまった。また、3頭の犬に高コレステロール血症が認められた。
結論と臨床的意義
オクラシチニブの1日2回の長期投与は概して忍容性が高く、ほとんどの治療犬で有効であった。この治療法では、定期的な臨床評価および血液検査が望まれる。
摘要
背景
建议以获批剂量给予奥拉替尼，每日两次，持续两周，然后根据需要每日一次，用于治疗特应性犬。在某些情况下，每日一次给药方案不足以控制临床症状。
目的
提供特应性犬长期每日两次给予奥拉替尼的初步安全性和有效性数据。
动物
53只私家特应性患犬。
方法和材料‐回顾性审查接受奥拉替尼每日两次治疗，超过两周的特应性皮炎犬的病历。记录动物详情、给药剂量和持续时间、并发疾病、辅助药物和可能的副反应。回顾性评估治疗疗效，如果可能的话，比较治疗前和治疗期间选定的血液指标。对收集的数据进行统计分析。
结果
中位治疗持续时间为113天。在38只犬(72%)中观察到极佳至良好的有效性，包括每日一次方案治疗无效的24/33只犬。尽管加用了全身性糖皮质激素，但8只犬的反应较差。脓皮病、胃肠道症状和外耳炎是治疗期间记录的最常见副反应。在35只犬中进行的血液检查显示白细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞计数轻微降低，在大多数情况下保持在参考范围内。3只犬出现高胆固醇血症。
结论和临床相关性
奥拉替尼长期每日两次给药通常耐受良好，在大多数给药犬中有效。建议对该治疗方案进行定期临床评价和血液检查。
Resumo
Conte
Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic enteropathy in dogs. There are no published studies regarding the use of probiotics in the treatment of canine IBD. The objectives were ...to compare responses to treatment with either combination therapy (prednisone and metronidazole) or probiotic strains (VSL#3) in dogs with IBD.
Twenty pet dogs with a diagnosis of IBD, ten healthy pet dogs, and archived control intestinal tissues from three euthanized dogs were used in this open label study. Dogs with IBD were randomized to receive either probiotic (D-VSL#3, n = 10) or combination drug therapy (D-CT, n = 10). Dogs were monitored for 60 days (during treatment) and re-evaluated 30 days after completing treatment. The CIBDAI (P<0.001), duodenal histology scores (P<0.001), and CD3+ cells decreased post-treatment in both treatment groups. FoxP3+ cells (p<0.002) increased in the D-VSL#3 group after treatment but not in the D-CT group. TGF-β+ cells increased in both groups after treatment (P = 0.0043) with the magnitude of this increase being significantly greater for dogs in the D-VSL#3 group compared to the D-CT group. Changes in apical junction complex molecules occludin and claudin-2 differed depending on treatment. Faecalibacterium and Turicibacter were significantly decreased in dogs with IBD at T0, with a significant increase in Faecalibacterium abundance observed in the animals treated with VSL#3 strains.
A protective effect of VSL#3 strains was observed in dogs with IBD, with a significant decrease in clinical and histological scores and a decrease in CD3+ T-cell infiltration. Protection was associated with an enhancement of regulatory T-cell markers (FoxP3+ and TGF-β+), specifically observed in the probiotic-treated group and not in animals receiving combination therapy. A normalization of dysbiosis after long-term therapy was observed in the probiotic group. Larger scale studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of VSL#3 in canine IBD.
The primary objective of this study was to determine if activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis occurs in canine pleural effusions. Thirty-three dogs with pleural effusions of different origin ...were studied. Pleural effusion fibrinogen concentrations were significantly lower, while pleural fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher than those in plasma (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). These results show that, in canine pleural fluids, there is evidence of coagulation activation and fibrinolysis. The secondary aims of the current study were to determine if primary hyperfibrinolysis (PHF i.e., elevated plasma FDPs with a normal D-dimer concentrations), occurs in dogs with pleural effusion, and whether the presence of a concurrent inflammatory process may have activated the hemostatic cascade, with its intrinsically linked secondary hyperfibrinolysis, masking the concurrent PHF. The previously 33 selected dogs with pleural effusion (group 1) were compared to two control groups of 33 healthy (group 2) and 33 sick dogs without pleural effusion (group 3). Serum fibrinogen, FDPs, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen/CRP ratio, and frequency of PHF were determined. Fibrinogen, FDPs, D-dimer and CRP concentrations in group 1 were significantly increased compared to group 2 (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). FDPs and CRP concentrations in group 1 were also significantly increased compared to group 3 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The fibrinogen/CRP ratio was significantly decreased in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001 for both comparison). The frequency of PHF was significantly higher in group 1 compared to groups 2 (P = 0.004), but not compared to group 3. These results support the hypothesis that PHF occurs significantly more often in dogs with pleural effusion compared to healthy dogs. Nevertheless, the decrease in the fibrinogen/CRP ratio in group 1 compared to group 3, considering the higher FDPs and similar D-dimer concentrations, would suggest that PHF is also more frequent in dogs with pleural effusion compared to sick control dogs, and that this phenomenon is hidden due to concurrent secondary hyperfibrinolysis.
Dogs with intracavitary effusion have coagulative abnormalities indicative of primary fibrinolysis/hyperfibrinolysis. The aim of this case control study was to investigate by rotational ...thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard coagulation tests (fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, D-dimer and fibrinogen) fibrinolysis in dogs with intracavitary effusions. Thirty-two dogs with intracavitary effusion and 32 control sick dogs without effusion were studied. Frequency of fibrinolysis grade of severity (i.e., hypofibrinolysis/basal fibrinolysis vs increased fibrinolysis vs hyperfibrinolysis) by ROTEM and standard coagulation tests were compared between groups. Pattern of fibrinolysis by ROTEM (i.e., late vs intermediate vs fulminant) and type of fibrinolysis by standard coagulation tests (i.e., hypofibrinolysis/basal fibrinolysis vs primary fibrinolysis vs secondary fibrinolysis vs primary hyperfibrinolysis vs secondary hyperfibrinolysis) were also compared between groups. Dogs with intracavitary effusion had a lesser degree of hypofibrinolysis and basal fibrinolysis and a higher degree of increased fibrinolysis and hyperfibrinolysis compared to controls, both by ROTEM and by standard coagulation tests (P = 0.042 and P = 0.017, respectively). Nevertheless, there was a poor agreement between the two classification schemes (34.4%, K = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.14 ‒ +0.26). Dogs with intracavitary effusion showed, by ROTEM, a lesser degree of hypofibrinolysis and basal fibrinolysis and a higher degree of late, intermediate, and fulminant fibrinolysis compared to controls (P = 0.044). Finally, dogs with intracavitary effusion had, by standard coagulation tests, a higher frequency of primary fibrinolysis and primary hyperfibrinolysis and a lower frequency of secondary fibrinolysis compared to controls. Dogs with intracavitary effusion showed an increased frequency and a different and more severe pattern of fibrinolysis compared to controls.
Multiple hemostatic abnormalities are associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and some malignant tumors. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs, sometimes associated with ...hemostatic changes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the behavior of coagulation parameters in dogs with multicentric lymphoma compared with diseased dogs without lymphoma, to separately evaluate the effect of immunophenotype (B lymphoma versus T lymphoma) on the variables of interest as well as the effect of disease stage (stage II to IV versus stage V). Specifically, a cross-sectional study was performed with a matched comparison group considering 170 dogs with B or T lymphoma (group 1) and 170 dogs with no lymphoma or other neoplastic processes but other diseases (group 0). Eight coagulation parameters were evaluated: platelet count (Plt), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen, fibrin/products of fibrinogen degradation (FDPs), fibrin D-dimers, and antithrombin (AT). Dogs with lymphoma showed prolonged PT and TT, decreased fibrinogen, increased FDP, and decreased Plt compared with group 0. The effect of disease stage was evaluated separately for dogs with stage II to IV lymphoma and dogs with stage V lymphoma; patients with stage II-IV lymphoma showed no significant differences, while in dogs with stage V lymphoma, a prolongation of PT and TT, a decrease in fibrinogen, an increase in FDPs and a decrease in Plt were found compared with the group 0. Finally, the comparison between B lymphoma and T lymphoma showed no significant differences in coagulation parameters between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low fibrinogen and platelet levels were the most significant predictors of lymphoma in a cohort of canine patients. These hemostatic abnormalities in lymphoma appeared to be associated with the stage of the disease rather than the lymphoma immunophenotype. These findings pave the way for the possible scenario of lymphoma-associated fibrinolysis and the so far undescribed pattern of hyperfibrinolysis associated with the most severe stage of lymphoma.
This report describes the successful placement of a nitinol stent within the azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava in a 2-year-old, neutered female, English Bulldog with clinical and imaging ...signs related to venous return chronic obstruction, renal venous thrombi, and chronic renal insufficiency. This noninvasive, interventional radiology procedure was safe and clinically effective for the patient. The clinical signs were rapidly eliminated, and three years later, the patient is still in good clinical condition, with normal renal function. Venous stenting appears to be a useful, new, minimally invasive treatment option for symptomatic cavo-azygos vascular connection.
Physiologic fibrinolysis is a localized process in which stable fibrin strands are broken down by plasmin in response to thrombosis. Plasmin activation can also take place separately from the ...coagulation process, resulting in pathologic fibrinolysis. When plasmin activation exceeds the neutralizing capacity of plasmin inhibitors, severe bleeding can potentially take place. Although the processes which regulate coagulation and fibrinolysis in the blood are well known, it is less clear as to what extent the same processes take place in the body cavities and whether they influence systemic hemostasis. The results of the studies herein cited demonstrate that coagulation followed by fibrinogenolytic/fibrinolytic activity takes place in all kinds of canine ascitic and pleural fluids. Moreover, systemic clotting abnormalities suggesting primary fibrinolysis/primary hyperfibrinolysis (i.e., elevated plasma fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products FDPs and normal D-dimer concentrations with fibrinogen concentrations ≤ 100 mg/dL or above this cut-off, respectively) occur in dogs with intracavitary effusion. Enhanced fibrinolytic activity in dogs with intracavitary effusion can also be detected using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), although the degree of agreement between ROTEM and FDPs, D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations is poor. Finally, contrary to the thrombotic events commonly documented in some humans and cats with cardiac diseases, bleeding tendencies due to primary fibrinolysis/primary hyperfibrinolysis have been documented in dogs with cardiogenic ascites.
Feline panleukopenia is a severe disease of cats caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), and marginally canine parvovirus (CPV). Despite being less rapid than CPV, FPV evolution deserves attention, ...especially since outbreaks of particular severity are currently reported. This apparently different virulence needs monitoring from genetic and clinical points of view. This manuscript explored FPV molecular epidemiology at both Italian and international levels and the possible association between viral phylogeny and disease severity. Sequences from clinical cases of feline panleukopenia in Italy were obtained from 2011 to 2019, and the etiological agent was characterized, distinguishing FPV from CPV. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were conducted on Italian and international sequences. Moreover, the association between the viral sequence and clinical variables was evaluated on a group of highly characterized patients. After its origin in the 1920s, FPV showed a constant population size until a more recent expansion since 2000. Few long-distance introduction events characterized FPV spreading, however, most of its evolution occurred locally. Although without a strong statistical association, several clinical variables appeared influenced by viral phylogeny, suggesting a differential virulence potentially characterizing FPV strains. These results stress the importance of the continuous study of viral evolution and its repercussions on the disease clinical aspects.
BACKGROUND: Rickettsia conorii is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and causes Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) in humans. Although dogs are considered the natural host of the vector, ...the clinical and epidemiological significance of R. conorii infection in dogs remains unclear. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether Rickettsia infection causes febrile illness in dogs living in areas endemic for human MSF. METHODS: Dogs from southern Italy with acute fever (n = 99) were compared with case–control dogs with normal body temperatures (n = 72). Serology and real-time PCR were performed for Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/A. platys and Leishmania infantum. Conventional PCR was performed for Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. Acute and convalescent antibodies to R. conorii, E. canis and A. phagocytophilum were determined. RESULTS: The seroprevalence rates at first visit for R. conorii, E. canis, A. phagocytophilum and L. infantum were 44.8%, 48.5%, 37.8% and 17.6%, respectively. The seroconversion rates for R. conorii, E. canis and A. phagocytophilum were 20.7%, 14.3% and 8.8%, respectively. The molecular positive rates at first visit for Rickettsia spp., E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, L. infantum, Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. were 1.8%, 4.1%, 0%, 2.3%, 11.1%, 2.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Positive PCR for E. canis (7%), Rickettsia spp. (3%), Babesia spp. (4.0%) and Hepatozoon spp. (1.0%) were found only in febrile dogs. The DNA sequences obtained from Rickettsia and Babesia PCRs positive samples were 100% identical to the R. conorii and Babesia vogeli sequences in GenBank®, respectively. Febrile illness was statistically associated with acute and convalescent positive R. conorii antibodies, seroconversion to R. conorii, E. canis positive PCR, and positivity to any tick pathogen PCRs. Fourteen febrile dogs (31.8%) were diagnosed with Rickettsia spp. infection based on seroconversion and/or PCR while only six afebrile dogs (12.5%) seroconverted (P = 0.0248). The most common clinical findings of dogs with Rickettsia infection diagnosed by seroconversion and/or PCR were fever, myalgia, lameness, elevation of C-reactive protein, thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates acute febrile illness associated with Rickettsia infection in dogs living in endemic areas of human MSF based on seroconversion alone or in combination with PCR.
The aim was to assess the effects of
(AN) with/without
C-3102 as alternative treatments for Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy (CIE) of dogs. Fourteen CIE patients, which had received the same control ...(CTR) diet, were enrolled to serially receive three diets: (1) hydrolysed protein (HP) diet; (2) 4.0% AN supplemented HP (HPA) food, (3) HPA diet fortified with 125 billion
C-3102 spores/10 kg body weight (HPAB diet). Clinical outcome was assessed by Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI), whereas gut microbiota compositional variations were investigated via 16S rRNA gene analysis, and faecal fermentation end-products by liquid chromatography. Higher abundances of the
and
families were shown in HPA relative to CTR treatment, with
genus being differentially abundant on HPAB diet. Concentrations of acetate were higher (
< 0.05) in dogs fed HPA compared to CTR diet, and amounts of isovalerate and isobutyrate were greater (
< 0.05) in HPA compared to HP food. A tendency for higher amounts of faecal butyrate was found for the HPAB treatment (
= 0.06). Comprehensively, while displaying potentially positive effects on faecal fermentations, the tested substances failed to improve CIBDAI scores and microbial richness in CIE dogs.
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