This research work studies the effect of combined Ti and B microadditions and the solidification route on the hot ductility behavior of a high-Mn austenitic Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel. ...For this purpose, uniaxial hot tensile tests were carried out at different temperatures between 700 and 1100°C under a constant strain rate of 10−3s−1. The hot ductility was determined by measuring the reduction of transverse area (%RA) after specimen rupture. Characterization was performed by SEM-EBSD and TEM techniques in order to identify the relationship between microstructural features and cracking phenomena. Results indicate that the early occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) at the intermediate temperature range (800–900°C) is the favorable mechanism that enhances the ductility, achieving RA values up to 82%. These high RA values are discussed in terms of the boron effect on the improvement of the grain-boundaries cohesion through non-equilibrium segregation, and Ti(C,N) precipitation, which reduces the formation of harmful precipitates such as BN and AlN. Additionally, the Fe23(B,C)6 and B4C compounds were identified, which are less detrimental to hot ductility than boron-nitride compounds. Finally, the fracture surfaces of the present TWIP steels in the temperature range of the highest ductility indicate that the failure mode is of the ductile type as evidenced by the presence of many dimples.
•Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) co-occurs with psychiatric disorders.•We compared psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with and without CSBD.•91.2% of CSBD participants met the criteria ...for one comorbid Axis I disorder.•CSBD participants were more likely to qualify mainly for substance use disorders.•Results support the use of the addiction paradigm in explaining CSBD as an addictive disorder beyond other competing models.
Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Data collected from clinical populations suggest that CSBD frequently co-occurs with other Axis I and II psychiatric disorders; however, studies conducted so far suffer from methodological shortcomings that prevent the determination of accurate psychiatric comorbidity rates (e.g., small sample sizes, reliance on non-reliable assessment methods in the estimation of comorbidity or the non-inclusion of healthy individuals to compare prevalence rates). The purpose of this study was to explore psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of individuals with and without CSBD. The study sample comprised 383 participants distributed into two groups through a cluster analyses: 315 participants without CSBD (non-CSBD) and 68 qualifying as sexually compulsives (CSBD). Participants were assessed for co-occurring Axis I and II clinical conditions using structured clinical interviews for the DSM-IV (SCID-I and II). The majority of CSBD participants (91.2%) met the criteria for at least one Axis I disorder, compared to 66% in non-CSBD participants. CSBD participants were more likely to report an increased prevalence of alcohol dependence (16.2%), alcohol abuse (44%), major depressive disorder (39.7%), bulimia nervosa (5.9%), adjustment disorders (20.6%), and other substances –mainly cannabis and cocaine– abuse or dependence (22.1%). Concerning Axis II, prevalence of borderline personality disorder was significantly higher in CSBD participants (5.9%). As expected, prevalence of different psychiatric conditions was significantly increased among sexually compulsive participants, revealing comorbidity patterns with important implications in the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of patients with CSBD.
The influence of microstructure on the fracture toughness of two industrially processed 1000 MPa dual-phase (DP) steel grades is investigated. Crack initiation and propagation resistance are ...evaluated by means of the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology and the main damage and fracture mechanisms are investigated. The results are discussed in terms of the proportion and distribution of the different microstructural constituents, which is assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) and nanoindentation hardness measurements. The investigations show that the strain-induced transformation of retained austenite to martensite (TRIP effect), may be detrimental to cracking resistance, even though it increases tensile properties. This phenomenon is attributed to a "brittle" network effect generated by the presence of hard fresh martensite islands in the fracture process zone. The connectivity of the hard secondary phases and the proportion of soft phase (ferrite) also have a major role in fracture toughness. The DP steel with the larger volume fraction of ferrite and homogeneously distributed martensite islands shows significantly higher crack propagation resistance. The contribution of necking to the ductile fracture process is evaluated by means of thickness measurements in fractured DENT specimens and the correlation between the specific essential work of fracture (we) and tensile properties is investigated. It is concluded that the global formability and cracking resistance of high strength DP steels can be balanced through microstructural tailoring.
► The simultaneous use of Latent Class Clustering (LCC) and Bayesian Network (BN) is useful for road safety analysis. ► LCC is used to reduce heterogeneity in the traffic accidents data. ► BNs are ...used to identify the main factors that contribute to traffic accident severity. ► For each cluster and for the entire database we built and compare the BN's results. ► This comparison allows identifying new information and insights that would not have been possible to obtain without a previous LCC analysis.
One of the principal objectives of traffic accident analyses is to identify key factors that affect the severity of an accident. However, with the presence of heterogeneity in the raw data used, the analysis of traffic accidents becomes difficult. In this paper, Latent Class Cluster (LCC) is used as a preliminary tool for segmentation of 3229 accidents on rural highways in Granada (Spain) between 2005 and 2008. Next, Bayesian Networks (BNs) are used to identify the main factors involved in accident severity for both, the entire database (EDB) and the clusters previously obtained by LCC. The results of these cluster-based analyses are compared with the results of a full-data analysis. The results show that the combined use of both techniques is very interesting as it reveals further information that would not have been obtained without prior segmentation of the data. BN inference is used to obtain the variables that best identify accidents with killed or seriously injured. Accident type and sight distance have been identify in all the cases analysed; other variables such as time, occupant involved or age are identified in EDB and only in one cluster; whereas variables vehicles involved, number of injuries, atmospheric factors, pavement markings and pavement width are identified only in one cluster.
Summary
Bacterial chemotaxis is an adaptive behaviour, which requires sophisticated information‐processing capabilities that cause motile bacteria to either move towards or flee from chemicals. ...Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E exhibits the capability to move towards different aromatic hydrocarbons present at a wide range of concentrations. The chemotactic response is mediated by the McpT chemoreceptor encoded by the pGRT1 megaplasmid. Two alleles of mcpT are borne on this plasmid and inactivation of either one led to loss of this chemotactic phenotype. Cloning of mcpT into a plasmid complemented not only the mcpT mutants but also its transfer to other Pseudomonas conferred chemotactic response to high concentrations of toluene and other chemicals. Therefore, the phenomenon of chemotaxis towards toxic compounds at high concentrations is gene‐dose dependent. In vitro experiments show that McpT is methylated by CheR and McpT net methylation was diminished in the presence of hydrocarbons, what influences chemotactic movement towards these chemicals.
•The fracture toughness of four advanced high strength steel sheets is evaluated.•J-integral, essential work of fracture and Kahn tear tests are performed.•The differences between the different ...fracture resistance parameters is discussed.•The effect of specimen geometry and notch radius on fracture toughness is analysed.•we is a suitable property to predict the fracture performance of AHSS sheets.
The fracture toughness of four advanced high strength steel (AHSS) thin sheets is evaluated through different characterization methodologies, with the aim of identifying the most relevant toughness parameters to describe their fracture resistance. The investigated steels are: a Complex Phase steel, a Dual Phase steel, a Trip-Aided Bainitic Ferritic steel and a Quenching and Partitioning steel. Their crack initiation and propagation resistance is assessed by means of J-integral measurements, essential work of fracture tests and Kahn-type tear tests. The results obtained from the different methodologies are compared and discussed, and the influence of different parameters such as specimen geometry or notch radius is investigated. Crack initiation resistance parameters are shown to be independent of the specimen geometry and the testing method. However, significant differences are found in the crack propagation resistance values. The results show that, when there is a significant energetic contribution from necking during crack propagation, the specific essential work of fracture (we) better describes the overall fracture resistance of thin AHSS sheets than JC. In contrast, energy values obtained from tear tests overestimate the crack propagation resistance and provide a poor estimation of AHSS fracture performance. we is concluded to be the most suitable parameter to describe the global fracture behaviour of AHSS sheets and it is presented as a key property for new material design and optimization.
The effect of feeding system on the expression of
LPL, ACACA, FASN, FABP4, DGAT1, SCD, CPT1B, PRKAA2, LEP, SREBP1, PPARG, PPARA and
CEBPB genes in
semitendinous muscle was studied. Forty-four single ...born male lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed, allocated to four different dietary treatments, were used: grazing alfalfa, grazing alfalfa with supplement for lambs, indoor lambs with grazing ewes and drylot.
Significant differences were found in the expression of genes
LPL,
ACACA, FASN, FABP4,
CPT1B and
SCD. Genes related to adipogenesis (
LPL,
ACACA, FASN, FABP4, and
SCD) are up-regulated in the intensive groups. In grazing groups
CPT1B gene expression, related to β-oxidation process, is up-regulated
. The relative expression of
CPT1B was 1.54 fold higher in ALF
+
S, and 0.43 and 0.37 fold lower in IND- GRE and IND, respectively.
The results support the hypothesis that changes in fatty acid profile due to feeding system implicate changes in the mRNA expression level of genes related with fat metabolism. Feeding strategy is an important tool to manipulate intramuscular fatty acid profile in meat through altering gene expression of enzymes related with fat metabolism.
MBU is an increasing challenge in SRAM memory, due to the chip's large area of SRAM, and supply power scaling applied to reduce static consumption. Powerful ECCs can cope with random MBUs, but at the ...expense of complex encoding/decoding circuits, and high memory redundancy. Alternatively, radiation-hardened cell is an alternative technique that can mask single or even double node upsets in the same cell, but at the cost of increasing the overhead of the memory array. The idea of this work is to combine both techniques to take advantage of their respective strengths. To reduce redundancy and encoder/decoder overheads, SEC Hamming ECC has been chosen. About hardened cells, well-known and robust DICE cells, able to tolerate one node upset, have been used. To assess the proposed technique, we have measured the correction capability after a fault injection campaign, as well as the overhead (redundancy, area, power, and delay) of memory and encoding/decoding circuits. Results show high MBU correction coverages with an affordable overhead. For instance, for very harmful 8-bit random MBUs injected in the same memory word, more than 80% of the cases are corrected. Area overhead values of our proposal, measured with respect to double and triple error correction codes, are less than x1.45. To achieve the same correction coverage only with ECCs, redundancy, and overhead would be much higher.
Objective
To compare the effect of inhaled nitrous oxide (INO) on pain control during in‐office hysteroscopy with 1% lidocaine paracervical infiltration and no analgesic.
Design
Single‐blind ...stratified randomised clinical trial with masked assessment by a third party.
Setting
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Spanish hospital.
Population
Women who underwent hysteroscopy.
Methods
Patients were stratified into three groups according to the purpose of the hysteroscopy (biopsy, polypectomy or tubal sterilisation) and then assigned to different treatment groups through a permuted‐blocks randomisation within strata. Pain scale was provided by a gynaecologist totally blinded to procedures and treatments. Effects were assessed using a one‐way analysis of variance following an intention‐to‐treat approach.
Main outcome measures
Visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 mm.
Results
A total of 314 women were included: 105 to INO, 104 to 1% lidocaine and 105 to no analgesic. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Mean VAS score after the procedure was 34.7 ± 25.8 mm, 36.1 ± 22.9 mm (P = 1.0) and 47.3 ± 28.2 mm (P = 0.001) for INO, 1% lidocaine and no analgesic, respectively. No adverse events were reported in 91 (86.7%) patients in the INO group compared with 79 (76%) in the 1%‐lidocaine group (P = 0.04) and 85 (81%) in the no‐analgesic group (P = 0.26).
Conclusion
INO was as effective as 1% lidocaine in pain control for in‐office hysteroscopy and was better tolerated. The no‐analgesic group presented the poorer results, so was the least recommended clinical option.
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