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•Including catch crops in maize rotation reduces nutrient leaching.•Catch crops showed a higher nutrient uptake (N and P) than spontaneous herbage.•Ensiling increases methane ...production potential for all catch crops assayed.•Catch crops as co-substrates improved the anaerobic digestion of manure.
Three catch crop species, ryegrass, forage rape and black oat, were grown between successive rotations of maize to reduce nitrogen leaching due to maize fertilization with digested dairy manure. Catch crops showed a high nutrient uptake, but with a wide range, depending on the year and the specie. Ensiling was shown to be a feasible storing method increasing catch crop methane production per hectare between 14–36% compared with fresh catch crop. In semi-continuous co-digestion experiments, methane production was increased between 35–48%, in comparison with anaerobic digestion of dairy manure alone. Catch crops were shown to be a good co-substrate, being a sustainable option to prevent leaching of nutrients to the environment, thus closing the loops from production to utilization by optimal recycling measures.
The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) may hinder a more widespread application of biosolids in agriculture. At present, the European Directive 86/278/CEE limit the total concentrations of ...seven metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg) in agricultural soils and in sewage sludges used as fertilizers but it has not taken into consideration the potential impacts of other emerging micropollutants that may be present in the biosolids as well as their mobility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and mobility of 13 elements (including regulated metals and other inorganic species) in agricultural soils repeatedly amended with biosolids for 15 years. Firstly, three digestions programs using different acid mixtures were tested to evaluate the most accurate and efficient method for analysis of soil and sludge. Results demonstrated that sewage sludge application increased concentrations of Pb and Hg in soil, but values did not exceed the quality standard established by legislation. In addition, other elements (As, Co, Sb, Ag, Se and Mn) that at present are not regulated by the Spanish and European directives were identified in the sewage sludge, and significant differences were found between Ag content in soils amended with biosolids in comparison with control soils. This fact can be related to the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products due to their antibacterial properties. Results from the leaching tests show up that, in general, the mobility degree for both regulated and non-regulated elements in soils amended with biosolids was quite low (<10 %).
The behavioural responses of the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans towards some previously identified components of its faeces: 4-methylquinazoline, 2,4- dimethylquinazoline and their mixtures ...were evaluated using a video tracking system. Fifth instar nymphs and females but not males were significantly attracted to polyethylene glycol formulations of 4-methyl + 2,4-dimethylquinazoline (50 microg each). Fifth instar nymphs were also attracted to 4-methylquinazoline alone (50 microg) but females were only attracted by the mixture of both methyl quinazolines (50 microg each). Syntheses of both methyl quinazolines were carried out starting from 2-aminoacetophenone by modifying the conditions of reported procedures.
Retinopatía de gran altura Pardiñas Barón, N; Fernández Fernández, F; Fondevila Camps, F ...
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología,
10/2012, Letnik:
87, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Resumen Caso Clínico Varón de 36 años que presenta pérdida súbita de visión central, durante una expedición al Daulaghiri (cordillera del Himalaya),de 8.167 m de altitud. Discusión Las hemorragias ...retinianas de la altura son una manifestación frecuente en montañeros que superan los 5.500 m de altitud.Según su localización puede cursar de forma asintomática y suele evolucionar favorablemente.En caso de afectación macular, la visión disminuye de forma drástica y el pronóstico es incierto.
High-altitude retinopathy Pardiñas Barón, N; Fernández Fernández, F; Fondevila Camps, F ...
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English ed.),
October 2012, Letnik:
87, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Case report This case report presents a 36-year-old male with a sudden loss of vision while taking part in an expedition in the Daulaghiri (8167 m high peak located in the Himalayan Mountain ...Range). Discussion High altitude retinal hemorrhage is a common condition in those mountaineers who reach altitudes over 5500 m. Depending on its location it may not present any symptoms and the condition improves with no further complications. However, in case of macular involvement the vision decreases dramatically and the consequences are uncertain.
Sertaconazole is a pharmaceutical product in the form of a cream, gel, powder and solution for dermatological use and vaginal cream, tablets and ovules for gynecological use. It is marketed in 24 ...countries and registered in a further 22. The active ingredient is 2% sertaconazole nitrate. Sertaconazole nitrate is an azole antifungal agent, with notable antifungal activity. Its molecule has a highly lipophilic fragment. This is a review of the efficacy and safety of all pharmaceutical forms of sertaconazole in order to provide data on vaginal sertaconazole for marketing purposes.
We report a route for the preparation of mono and dideuterated tridecanoic acids: (R)-9-2H1-, (S)-9-2H1-, (R)-10-2H1-, (S)-10-2H1-, 9,9-2H2-, and 10,10-2H2-tridecanoic acids required as probes for ...biochemical studies on desaturases. The key intermediates in the synthesis of all these probes are ketones 9, which give rise to the corresponding alcohols 10 and 13 by reduction with LiAlD4 and LiAlH4, respectively. Derivatization of nondeuterated racemic alcohols 13 with (S)-(+)-9-anthranylmethoxyacetic acid ((S)-(+)-9-AMA) and chromatographic resolution of both diastereoisomers allowed us to determine the absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers by 1H NMR using an adaptation of the model proposed by Riguera and co-workers which was validated with alcohols of known absolute configuration. Both enantiomeric alcohols (R)- and (S)-13 were recovered by reduction of each diastereomeric ester with LiAlH4. Mesylation of alcohols 10 and 13 followed by nucleophilic substitution by LiAlD4 generated the saturated methoxymethyl derivatives 12 and 16, respectively. Final deprotection and Jones oxidation of the resulting alcohols afforded the above deuterated tridecanoic acids.
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