Este artículo se centra en analizar la participación política de los extranjeros asentados en Galicia a través del tejido asociativo inmigrante. Se considera que la participación social en entidades ...creadas por inmigrantes es sinónimo de integración social y favorece la participación política. Esta participación política se divide en dos componentes: el derecho de acceso a la toma de decisiones y la participación efectiva, entendida como los contactos, las prácticas asociativas y las relaciones con actores sociales y políticos. Partimos de una metodología mixta que combina la explotación de datos de un cuestionario con el análisis de entrevistas cualitativas. A partir del Cuestionario a Asociaciones de Inmigrantes en Galicia, obtenemos datos cuantitativos de 32 asociaciones de inmigrantes sobre las actividades y sus relaciones de tipo institucional y político. Las 43 entrevistas semiestructuradas a líderes asociativos, representantes institucionales y entidades del tercer sector nos posibilitarán que profundicemos en los discursos que sostienen su actuación y su posición ideológica. Los principales resultados nos señalan una participación política de las entidades de extranjeros circunscrita al ámbito municipal. La existencia de mecanismos formales permite su articulación como actores sociales pero una escasa incidencia política, lo que puede vislumbrarse en un bajo contacto con entidades políticas y sociales. Cuando este contacto se produce, está más dirigido a solventar necesidades derivadas de la vulnerabilidad social que demandas típicas de un proceso de asentamiento consolidado.
Hazards of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the developing immune system are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to TRAP on cord blood immune cell ...distributions; and to identify gestational windows of susceptibility.
In-depth immunophenotyping of cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets was performed by flow cytometry in 190 newborns embedded in the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort (2015–2018). Long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15-days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and ozone (O3) were estimated using dispersion/chemical transport modelling. Associations between TRAP concentrations and cord blood immune cell counts were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression models.
Mean number of natural killer (NK) cells decreased 15% in relation to higher NO2 concentrations (≥36.4 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy (incidence relative risk (IRR), 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72, 0.99), with stronger associations in the first trimester. Higher PM2.5 concentrations (≥13.3 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy associated with a reduced mean number of cytotoxic T cells (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78, 0.99). Newborns exposed to higher PM10 (≥23.6 μg/m3) and PM2.5 concentrations during the first and third trimester showed greater mean number of helper T type 1 (Th1) cells (P < 0.05). Decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells was associated with greater short-term NO2 (IRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80, 1.01) and PM10 (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77, 0.99) concentrations.
Prenatal exposure to TRAP, particularly in early and late gestation, impairs fetal immune system development through disturbances in cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte distributions.
•Cord blood NK, cytotoxic T and Treg cells decreased in relation to higher prenatal exposure to traffic-related pollutants.•s Higher prenatal exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with increased total Th and Th1 cells in newborns’ cord blood.•Early and late gestation were identified as windows of higher susceptibility of fetal immune system to air pollutants.•Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants impairs fetal immune system development.
Fundamento: la hiperreactividad cardiovascular en los jóvenes se ha asociado a diferentes factores de riesgo y a la historia familiar de hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: determinar la asociación ...entre la historia familiar de hipertensión y los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, con el estado de hiperreactividad cardiovascular. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal con un universo de 77 jóvenes entre 18 y 40 años, de la parroquia Churuguara, Estado Falcón en Venezuela. Se analizaron como variables: edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial, antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial y de diabetes mellitus, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas y de sal, actividad física e índice de masa corporal. Se determinaron como variables hemodinámicas: presión arterial diastólica, presión arterial sistólica, antes y después de la respuesta presora desencadenada por la aplicación un ejercicio isométrico Resultados: el 13 % de los individuos presentó reactividad vascular ante la prueba del peso sostenido. Es tres veces mayor la hiperreactividad cardiovascular en las personas con historia familiar de hipertensión arterial, el 60 % de las personas con un índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 27 kg/m2 son hiperreactivos cardiovasculares, en la medida que se ingiere más alcohol aumenta la respuesta cardiovascular a la prueba del peso sostenido, son hiperreactivos el 33,3 % de los que fuman. Conclusión: existe una asociación significativa entre la historia familiar de hipertensión arterial, la obesidad, la ingestión de sal, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y la hiperreactividad vascular.
The prevalence of asthma is considerably high among women of childbearing age. Most asthmatic women also often have other atopic disorders. Therefore, the differentiation between patients with atopic ...diseases without asthma and asthmatics with coexisting diseases is essential to avoid underdiagnosis of asthma and to design strategies to reduce symptom severity and improve quality of life of patients. Hence, we aimed for the first time to conduct an analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of women of childbearing age as a new approach to discriminate between asthmatics with other coexisting atopic diseases and non-asthmatics (with or without atopic diseases), which could be a helpful tool for more accurate asthma detection and monitoring using a noninvasive technique in the near future. In this study, exhaled air samples of 336 women (training set (n = 211) and validation set (n = 125)) were collected and analyzed by thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ASCA (ANOVA (analysis of variance) simultaneous component analysis) and LASSO + LS (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator + logistic regression) were employed for data analysis. Fifteen statistically significant models (p-value < 0.05 in permutation tests) that discriminated asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases in women of childbearing age were generated. Acetone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative were selected as discriminants of asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases. In addition, carbon disulfide, a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and decane discriminated asthma disease among patients with other atopic disorders. Results of this study indicate that refined metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath allows asthma with other coexisting atopic diseases discrimination in women of reproductive age.
The most widely used definition of postreperfusion syndrome in liver transplant is a 30% decrease in mean arterial pressure during the first 5 minutes after vascular unclamping. With these criteria, ...increased postoperative morbidity has been reported. Vasoactivedrugs couldpreventthis syndrome.Themain objective of our study was to determine the incidence and complications associated with postreperfusion syndrome inpatientswho receivedvasoactive support.
We studied 246 patients who received norepinephrine infusions to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥60 mm Hg and who were monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter. Patients received a bolus of adrenaline after vascular unclamping in cases of insufficient response to norepinephrine.
Among the study patients, 57 (23.17%) developed postreperfusion syndrome. Patients who developed postreperfusion syndrome did not present with morepostoperative complications interms ofrenal dysfunction (P = .69), repeat surgery (P = .15), graft rejection (P = .69), transplant replacement surgery (P = .76), hospital stay (P = .70), or survival (P = .17) compared with patients without postreperfusion syndrome.
In patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplant, in whom vasoactive drugs were administered, a diagnosis of self-limited postreperfusion syndrome during the first 5 minutes after unclamping may not be associated with postoperative complications. The administration of vasoconstrictors may have a preventive effect on the postoperative complications associated with postreperfusion syndrome or they may mask the real incidence of postreperfusion syndrome. A broader definition of postreperfusion syndrome should be accepted.
•Two captive lemurs developed neurological signs consistent with larva migrans.•One animal was euthanized and Baylisascaris procyonis larvae were identified.•The cage mate received an Albendazole ...treatment derived from human pediatric protocol.•Treatment contributed to the arrest of clinical signs and recovery of motor skills.•Baylisascaris procyonis infection might occur in wild raccoon populations in Spain.
Baylisascaris procyonis is a well-known ascaridoid nematode that causes larva migrans in humans and many other animal species. The North American raccoon (Procyon lotor) is the definitive host, which has been successfully introduced in the past decades to other geographical regions around the world. Two white-headed lemurs (Eulemuralbifrons) from a Zoological Park in Lugo, Spain, developed severe neurological signs within a brief period after being transferred from exhibit and placed in close contact with three captive raccoons from the same zoo. One lemur was euthanized due to the severity of disease progression and histopathology revealed granulomatous inflammation and ascaridoid larvae in kidneys, lung, spleen and brain. Larvae were identified as B. procyonis larvae by real time PCR. In light of the results, the cage mate with similar neurological signs was put on an albendazole treatment regimen adapted from a human pediatric protocol. The aggressive anthelmintic treatment likely contributed to the arrest of clinical signs and recovery of some motor skills. Importantly, Baylisascaris procyonis infection might occur in wild raccoon populations in Spain.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de describir las estrategias de aprendizaje de los residentes en Medicina General Integral del Centro Oftalmológico José Martí ...en el periodo comprendido entre los meses de julio y septiembre del año 2008. El universo estuvo constituido por los seis residentes en Medicina General Integral del Centro Oftalmológico José Martí. El instrumento aplicado fue una versión elaborada por los autores del Inventario de estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje (LASSI) el cual respeta las escalas originales y solo se hacen modificaciones en sus ítems, adaptándolos al contexto que se evalúa. Las escalas a evaluar son: actitud, motivación, administración del tiempo, ansiedad, concentración, selección de ideas principales, ayudas de estudio y preparación y presentación de exámenes. Una vez aplicado el instrumento se encontró que los residentes tienen una excelente actitud y una buena motivación para estudiar dicha especialidad, es suficiente la administración que hacen del tiempo de estudio, la concentración que logran al estudiar, el procesamiento de la información cuando estudian y la preparación que realizan antes de los exámenes. Se evaluaron como deficientes el nivel de ansiedad y la utilización de técnicas de estudio.
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