Zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical analysis have been undertaken on Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic intrusive rocks of central Jilin Province, NE China, with the aim of constraining the ...tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) during the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic magmatic events can be subdivided into four stages: Middle Permian (~270Ma), Late Permian (259–255Ma), Early Triassic (~249Ma), and Late Triassic (~222Ma). The Middle Permian magmatic event formed peraluminous garnet-bearing monzogranites, indicative of formation under a compressional tectonic regime related to collision between the NCB and the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. The Late Permian magmatic event formed gabbros and syenogranites, a bimodal association that is typical of magmatism within post-collisional extensional setting. The Early Triassic magmatic event formed adakitic monzogranites, suggesting that they formed from magmas derived from partial melting of a thickened mafic lower crust. The Late Triassic magmatic event formed a series of mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks, together with coeval granitoids in adjacent regions, and make up a typical bimodal association suggesting that they formed under an extensional environment related to the final amalgamation of the NCB and the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. Taken together, we conclude that the northern margin of the NCB underwent multiple orogenic events between the Middle Permian and the Late Triassic, with final amalgamation of the NCB and the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif occurring in the Early Triassic, an event that led to the final suturing of the Solonker–Xra Moron–Changchun zone.
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•P2–T3 magmatism in the study area can be subdivided into four stages.•P2 garnet-bearing and T1 adakitic monzogranites reveal twice orogenic processes.•P3 and T3 bimodal magmatism reveals twice post-orogenic extensional settings.•T1 adakitic magmatism marks the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
Spastic limb paralysis due to injury to a cerebral hemisphere can cause long-term disability. We investigated the effect of grafting the contralateral C7 nerve from the nonparalyzed side to the ...paralyzed side in patients with spastic arm paralysis due to chronic cerebral injury.
We randomly assigned 36 patients who had had unilateral arm paralysis for more than 5 years to undergo C7 nerve transfer plus rehabilitation (18 patients) or to undergo rehabilitation alone (18 patients). The primary outcome was the change from baseline to month 12 in the total score on the Fugl-Meyer upper-extremity scale (scores range from 0 to 66, with higher scores indicating better function). Results The mean increase in Fugl-Meyer score in the paralyzed arm was 17.7 in the surgery group and 2.6 in the control group (difference, 15.1; 95% confidence interval, 12.2 to 17.9; P<0.001). With regard to improvements in spasticity as measured on the Modified Ashworth Scale (an assessment of five joints, each scored from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating more spasticity), the smallest between-group difference was in the thumb, with 6, 9, and 3 patients in the surgery group having a 2-unit improvement, a 1-unit improvement, or no change, respectively, as compared with 1, 6, and 7 patients in the control group (P=0.02). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging showed connectivity between the ipsilateral hemisphere and the paralyzed arm. There were no significant differences from baseline to month 12 in power, tactile threshold, or two-point discrimination in the hand on the side of the donor graft.
The mean increase in Fugl-Meyer score in the paralyzed arm was 17.7 in the surgery group and 2.6 in the control group (difference, 15.1; 95% confidence interval, 12.2 to 17.9; P<0.001). With regard to improvements in spasticity as measured on the Modified Ashworth Scale (an assessment of five joints, each scored from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating more spasticity), the smallest between-group difference was in the thumb, with 6, 9, and 3 patients in the surgery group having a 2-unit improvement, a 1-unit improvement, or no change, respectively, as compared with 1, 6, and 7 patients in the control group (P=0.02). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging showed connectivity between the ipsilateral hemisphere and the paralyzed arm. There were no significant differences from baseline to month 12 in power, tactile threshold, or two-point discrimination in the hand on the side of the donor graft.
In this single-center trial involving patients who had had unilateral arm paralysis due to chronic cerebral injury for more than 5 years, transfer of the C7 nerve from the nonparalyzed side to the side of the arm that was paralyzed was associated with a greater improvement in function and reduction of spasticity than rehabilitation alone over a period of 12 months. Physiological connectivity developed between the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and the paralyzed hand. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number, 13004466 .).
To constrain the Permian–Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, we conducted zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses on six middle ...Permian–Middle Triassic intrusive plutons in central–eastern Jilin Province, NE China. Zircons from the six plutons display distinct oscillatory zoning and striped absorption in cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and Th/U ratios of 0.11–1.41, indicating a magmatic origin. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the intrusive rocks formed in the middle Permian (ca. 260Ma) to Middle Triassic (ca. 245Ma). In central–eastern Jilin Province, the middle Permian and Middle Triassic plutons are composed mainly of strongly deformed monzogranites with affinities to adakitic rocks, which are formed from partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust. In contrast, the late Permian–the Early Triassic plutons in central–eastern Jilin Province consist of a bimodal association (including gabbros and granitoids) and deformed monzonites, which typically form in extensional settings. These observations, along with the results of previous studies on early–middle Permian granitoids in western Jilin Province, indicate that the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean underwent the initial closure in central–western Jilin Province during the middle Permian and the final closure in eastern Jilin Province in the Middle Triassic.
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•P2–T2 magmatisms are recognized in the eastern segment of the CAOB.•P2 and T2 adakitic rocks formed by partial melting of thickened crust.•P3–T1 bimodal magmatism formed in post-collisional extensional setting.•The final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean happened during Middle Triassic.
Quercetin, a typical flavonoid, possesses diverse biochemical and physiological actions, including antiplatelet, estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review mainly centers on recent ten ...years findings with respect to intervening diabetes and its complications with the well-known flavonoid quercetin. After a short introduction of quercetin, major in vitro and in vivo findings are summarized showing that quercetin is a promising molecule for the treatment of these diseases. Finally, we contemplate future development and application prospects of quercetin. Despite the wealth of in animal research results suggesting the anti-diabetic and its complications potential of quercetin, its efficacy in diabetic human subjects is yet to be explored. The problem may become an important direction in the future research.
The effects of climate, soil characteristics and management on soil carbon accumulation have been extensively investigated. However, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear, ...especially in arid and semiarid regions. Here we evaluated the contribution of the environmental variables (geographical location, climate, soil type, and land use type) to soil organic and inorganic carbon accumulation in the 0–100 cm soil layers across the Loess Plateau in China. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to distinguish direct from indirect effects of factors on soil carbon accumulation based on covariance structures. The results showed that environmental temperature and moisture were the primary controls of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) variation. The total effects (the sum of direct and indirect effect) of soil type and land use on SOCD were less than half of those of environmental temperature and moisture. In addition, the direct and negative effect of environmental temperature on SOCD increased, and the direct and positive effect of environmental moisture on SOCD decreased with soil depth. For the soil inorganic carbon densities in the 0–100 cm soil layers, soil organic carbon (SOC) content acted as the most important factor controlling the variations in soil inorganic carbon density (SICD). Environmental temperature and moisture mainly affected indirectly SICD by mediating through its impacts on soil type, SOC content, or soil pH. Less than 40% of variation in soil carbon accumulation for 0–100 cm soil depth is explained in the model. The unexplained variance highlights the need for the data on soil physicochemical properties, quality of organic carbon inputs, and soil microorganisms.
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•The effect of land use on SOCD was one third of that of moisture or temperature.•The effect of soil type on SOCD was close to that of land use.•SOC content acted as the most important factor controlling the variation in SICD.•The effect of moisture on SICD was close in magnitude to that of SOC content.
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•Emotions are recognized using the occurrences of auto-detected phonological units.•Phonemes are clustered together based on the similarity of formant characteristics.•Experiment ...results indicate reduced computational cost and increased robustness.
Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has numerous applications including human-robot interaction, online gaming, and health care assistance. While deep learning-based approaches achieve considerable precision, they often come with high computational and time costs. Indeed, feature learning strategies must search for important features in a large amount of speech data. In order to reduce these time and computational costs, we propose pre-processing step in which speech segments with similar formant characteristics are clustered together and labeled as the same phoneme. The phoneme occurrence rates in emotional utterances are then used as the input features for classifiers. Using six databases (EmoDB, RAVDESS, IEMOCAP, ShEMO, DEMoS and MSP-Improv) for evaluation, the level of accuracy is comparable to that of current state-of-the-art methods and the required training time was significantly reduced from hours to minutes.
Icariin is a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium herb, and has been shown to be its main bioactive component. Recently, the antidepressant-like mechanism of icariin has been ...increasingly evaluated and demonstrated. However, there are few studies that have focused on the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) signaling in mediating the perimenopausal depression effects of icariin. Perimenopausal depression is a chronic recurrent disease that leads to an increased risk of suicide, and poses a significant risk to public health. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of icariin on the expression of the PI3K-AKT pathway related to proteins in a rat model of perimenopausal depression. Eighty percent of the left ovary and the entire right ovary were removed from the model rats. A perimenopausal depression model was created through 18 days of chronic unpredictable stimulation, followed by the gavage administration of target drugs for 30 consecutive days. We found that icariin administered at various doses significantly improved the apparent symptoms in the model rats, increased the organ indices of the uterus, spleen, and thymus, and improved the pathological changes in the ovaries. Moreover, icariin administration elevated the serum levels of female hormone estradiol (E
), testosterone (T), and interleukin (IL)-2, decreased those of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH), promoted the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and ERα in the hypothalamus, and increased those of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) in the brain homogenate. Furthermore, icariin elevated the expression levels of AKT, phosphorylation-akt (p-AKT), PI3K (110 kDa), PI3K (85 kDa), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the ovaries, and inhibited those of Bax. These results show that icariin administration rebalanced the disordered sex hormones in perimenopausal depression rats, regulated the secretion of neurotransmitters in the brain, boosted immune function, and improved the perimenopausal syndrome. The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the expression of PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins.
We present the first evidence of an early Paleozoic terrane in the southern Yanbian region, NE China. We used LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope techniques to analyze one plagioclase gneiss and two ...garnet-bearing two-mica quartz schists from the early Paleozoic Jiangyu Group, as well as two tonalites that intruded the Jiangyu Group. The tonalites yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U zircon crystallization ages of 423 and 422Ma. Zircons from the Jiangyu Group gneiss and two schist samples yield maximum depositional ages of 439±4, 443±2, and 443±5Ma, respectively. These constraints, together with the age of the tonalite intrusion, indicate that the Jiangyu Group was deposited between 443 and 423Ma (i.e., Silurian). In addition, detrital zircon age spectra of the three Jiangyu Group samples exhibit prominent age peaks at 442, 473, 513, 565, 600, 635, 671, 740, 1000, and 1162Ma, as well as secondary peaks between 1344 and 3329Ma. The occurrence of the prominent Meso- and Neoproterozoic detrital zircon age populations for the Jiangyu Group, combined with the corresponding zircon Hf isotopic data, reveals that the Jiangyu Terrane has a tectonic affinity with northeastern Gondwana. The early Paleozoic magmatism, as suggested by the medium-K calc-alkaline I-type tonalite intrusion and Jiangyu Group detrital zircon age spectra, corresponds to coeval subduction–accretion events along the southern margin of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Accordingly, we propose that the Jiangyu Group is part of an exotic terrane that rifted from northeastern Gondwana, drifted northward, and ultimately became involved in the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the eastern CAOB after the Early Cambrian.
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•Early Paleozoic terrane existed in the southern Yanbian region, NE China.•Jiangyu Terrane has an affinity with northeastern Gondwana.•Jiangyu Terrane could have become part of the CAOB during early Paleozoic.
To constrain the Early–Middle Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the south-eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), we undertook zircon U–Pb dating and analyzed major and trace ...elements and zircon Hf isotope compositions of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian igneous and metasedimentary rocks in central Jilin Province, NE China. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Early–Middle Paleozoic magmatism in central Jilin Province can be divided into four episodes: Late Cambrian (ca. 493Ma), Middle Ordovician (ca. 467Ma), Late Ordovician–Early Silurian (ca. 443Ma), and Late Silurian–Middle Devonian (425–396Ma). The progression from subduction initiation to maturity is recorded by Late Cambrian low-K tholeiitic meta-diabase, Middle Ordovician medium-K calc-alkaline pyroxene andesite, and Late Ordovician to Early Silurian low-K tonalite, which all have subduction-related characteristics and formed in an evolving supra-subduction zone setting. Late Silurian to Middle Devonian calc-alkaline igneous rocks, with the lithological association of granodiorite, monzogranite, rhyolite, dacite, and trachydacite, show progressively increasing K2O contents from medium K to shoshonite series. Furthermore, the Early–Middle Devonian monzogranites are characterized by high K2O, Sr/Y, and La/YbN values, indicating they were generated by the melting of thickened lower crust. These results suggest a transition from subduction to post-orogenic setting during the Late Silurian–Middle Devonian. Our interpretation is supported by the maximum age of molasse deposition in the Zhangjiatun member of the Xibiehe Formation. Overall, we suggest that Late Cambrian tholeiitic meta-diabase, Middle Ordovician pyroxene andesite, and Late Ordovician–Early Silurian tonalite formed above the northward-subducting and simultaneously seaward-retreating of Paleo-Asian Ocean plate. Subsequently, the northern arc collided with the North China Craton and post-orogenic extension occurred during the Late Silurian–Middle Devonian.
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•Early–Middle Paleozoic igneous rocks in central Jilin Province can be subdivided into four stages.•Є3 low-K tholeiitic meta-diabase and ultramafic rocks reveal subduction initiation.•O2 high Mg pyroxene andesite and O3–S1 low-K tonalite mark an evolving supra-subduction zone setting.•S3–D1 and D1-2 igneous rocks suggest a transition from subduction to post-orogenic setting.
Abstract
Aims
Chemokine-mediated monocyte infiltration into the damaged heart represents an initial step in inflammation during cardiac remodelling. Our recent study demonstrates a central role for ...chemokine receptor CXCR2 in monocyte recruitment and hypertension; however, the role of chemokine CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac remodelling remain unknown.
Methods and results
Angiotensin II (1000 ng kg−1 min−1) was administrated to wild-type (WT) mice treated with CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610, knockout (CXCR2 KO) or bone marrow (BM) reconstituted chimeric mice for 14 days. Microarray revealed that CXCL1 was the most highly upregulated chemokine in the WT heart at Day 1 after Ang II infusion. The CXCR2 expression and the CXCR2+ immune cells were time-dependently increased in Ang II-infused hearts. Moreover, administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody markedly prevented Ang II-induced hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and macrophage accumulation compared with Immunoglobulin G (IgG) control. Furthermore, Ang II-induced cardiac remodelling and inflammatory response were also significantly attenuated in CXCR2 KO mice and in WT mice treated with SB265610 or transplanted with CXCR2-deficienct BM cells. Co-culture experiments in vitro further confirmed that CXCR2 deficiency inhibited macrophage migration and activation, and attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast differentiation through multiple signalling pathways. Notably, circulating CXCL1 level and CXCR2+ monocytes were higher in patients with heart failure compared with normotensive individuals.
Conclusions
Angiotensin II-induced infiltration of monocytes in the heart is largely mediated by CXCL1–CXCR2 signalling which initiates and aggravates cardiac remodelling. Inhibition of CXCL1 and/or CXCR2 may represent new therapeutic targets for treating hypertensive heart diseases.
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