This study analyzes the relationship of alexithymia, childhood trauma, and body investment to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder and whether they have ...predictive and diagnostic value for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder.
A total of 225 patients with a diagnosis of adolescent depressive disorder were included in the study and were divided into two groups according to the DSM-5 criteria: 98 cases without NSSI and 127 cases with NSSI. Compare the demographic data, 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Body Investment Scale (BIS) scores between two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors contributing to NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depression, and establish four predictive models. Based on the models' predictive probability, the ROC curves were plotted to calculate the value of the predictive diagnostic effect.
The group without NSSI had lower scores than the group with NSSI on HAMD-24 total score, TAS-20 total score, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally focused thinking, as well as lower scores on CTQ-SF total score, physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse. In contrast, the BIS total score, body image feelings and attitudes, body care, and body protection factor scores were higher for the group without NSSI. The BIS body care factor score and the CTQ-SF emotional abuse factor score were significantly linked with adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorder who exhibited NSSI behaviors. These results provide a good diagnostic model for adolescents with depressive disorder.
Low levels of body care and childhood emotional abuse may independently contribute to the implementation of NSSI in adolescents with depressive disorder. Body investment and childhood trauma are valuable in diagnosing and predicting NSSI behaviors and should be considered as potentially important factors in clinical treatment.
Due to the security issues caused by face synthesis technology, face forgery detection has received considerable attention. Therefore, there is an increasing necessity to develop effective and ...generalized face forgery detection models. Some current methods attempt to use frequency features to reveal clues hidden under fake faces. However, the frequency information utilized by these methods is often coarse-grained perceptual features generated by frequency transformation, which makes it difficult for them to extract fine-grained forgery traces in the ordinary learning process. To compensate for these shortcomings, we propose a learning framework that progressively enhances spatial and frequency-aware features, consisting of three carefully designed modules. Specifically, the first is the fine-grained frequency-aware extraction module, which decomposes the RGB image into fine-grained components and extracts content-related frequency information through multiple learnable filters to obtain the frequency-transformed fine-grained perceptual features, which provide fine-grained forgery information for subsequent learning of the network. The second is the noise residual enhancement module, which enhances and guides the network to capture forgery traces from the perspective of image noise. The last is the dual-domain feature attention module, which learns and enhances forgery clues in each other’s features by fusing information from RGB and multi-frequency fine-grained perceptual features. Extensive experimental results and visualizations demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms previous face forgery detection models.
Partial discharge (PD) acoustic signal detection is one of the effective means to assess the insulation status of power transformers. In actual monitoring, white noise is likely to cause strong ...interference to the partial discharge acoustic signal of the transformer, which seriously affects the discharge fault identification and monitoring results. In order to suppress the interference of white noise in partial discharge detection, this paper proposes an adaptive partial discharge based on the combination of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on improved Spearman correlation coefficient. The white noise suppression method is analyzed for the separation and denoising of partial discharge acoustic signals in the environment of -10 ∼ 10 dB. Firstly, the Spearman correlation coefficient is used to determine the optimal number of decomposing modes of VMD. Then the decomposed modal components are adaptively reduced and reconstructed by principal component analysis to remove redundant clutter interference and reduce the influence of human error. Finally, through the simulation signal and actual discharge pulse acoustic signal are tested for denoising. The results show that SVMD-PCA can suppress the interference of white noise in partial discharge acoustic signals and extract clean discharge pulse signal characteristics, the method has enhanced anti-noise performance and can effectively suppress white noise interference.
The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This ...study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents. And further, explore whether Internet addiction (IA) plays a potential mediating effect in childhood trauma and PSH.
The study was conducted in October 2020 in Anhui Province, China. The PSH state of 866 adolescents was investigated, including demographic information such as gender, age, and grade. Childhood trauma, IA, and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA). The mediating effect is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM).
In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, and the proportion of male and female is roughly equal. The prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding, or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on PSH was 0.23 (95% CI 4.91,9.00,p <0.001), and the mediating effect of IA on childhood trauma and PSH was 0.07 (95% CI 1.42, 3.32,p <0.001). and the proportion of them is 75.14% and 24.86% respectively.
Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating effect in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships helps formulate and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.
Surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) has been demonstrated to be a promising supplement to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in adjuvant breast cancer radiotherapy, but a rational combination mode ...is lacking in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore this mode and investigate its impact on the setup and dose accuracy.
Daily SGRT and weekly CBCT images were acquired for 23 patients with breast cancer who received conventional fractionated radiotherapy after lumpectomy. Sixteen modes were acquired by randomly selecting one (CBCT
), two (CBCT
), three (CBCT
), four (CBCT
), and five (CBCT
) images from the CBCT images for fusion with the SGRT. The CTV-PTV margins, OAR doses, and dose coverage (V95%) of PTV and CTV was calculated based on SGRT setup errors with different regions of interest (ROIs). Dose correlations between these modalities were investigated using Pearson and Spearman's methods. Patient-specific parameters were recorded to assess their impact on dose.
The CTV-PTV margins decreased with increasing CBCT frequencies and were close to 5 mm for CBCT
and CBCT
. For the ipsilateral breast ROI, SGRT errors were larger in the AP direction, and target doses were higher in all modes than in the whole breast ROI (P < 0.05). In the ipsilateral ROI, the target dose correlations between all modes increased with increasing CBCT time intervals, decreased, and then increased with increasing CBCT frequencies, with the inflection point being CBCT participation at week 5. The dose deviations in CBCT
, CBCT
, CBCT
, CBCT
, and CBCT
were minimal and did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). There was excellent agreement between CBCT
and CBCT
, and between (CBCT
, CBCT
) and CBCT
in determining the classification for the percentage of PTV deviation (Kappa = 0.704-0.901). In addition, there were weak correlations between the patient's D
(ipsilateral breast diameter with bolus) and CTV doses in modes with CBCT participation at week 4 (R = 0.270 to 0.480).
Based on weekly CBCT, these modes with ipsilateral ROI and a combination of daily SGRT and a CBCT frequency of ≥ 3 were recommended, and CBCT was required at weeks 1 and 2 for CBCT
.
Background
Adolescents are at high risk of Internet addiction (IA). Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of IA may be associated with childhood trauma and social support to varying ...degrees. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of IA in adolescents. Further, to explore the potential mediating role of social support in childhood trauma and IA. This study provides theoretical support for future interventions targeting IA in adolescents.
Methods
This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey among randomly selected adolescents aged less than 18 years old in two cities in southern Anhui Province. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to test the correlation between IA and other variables. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of IA. Multiple regression models were examined with process macro and bootstrapping to confirm significant mediating effects.
Results
A total of 844 adolescents, equally divided between males and females, participated in this study, and the prevalence of IA in the region was 23.0%. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on IA was 0.20 (95% CI 0.12, 0.27,
p
< 0.001), and the mediating effect of social support on childhood trauma and IA was 0.09 (95% CI 0.06, 0.14).
Conclusion
The study showed that childhood trauma significantly affected the incidence of IA in adolescents. Social support had a significant mediating effect on childhood trauma and IA and attenuated its negative effects.
The factors associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of adolescents have been widely researched. However, the underlying mechanism of the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI is ...limited. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Our hypothesis was that psychological sub-health (PSH) played a mediating role between childhood trauma and NSSI. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent, and the self-report NSSI were used to measure childhood trauma, PSH, and NSSI. Structural equation model (SEM) was performed to verify our hypothesis. The results showed that 33.9% of the participants in our survey had engaged in NSSI in the past year. Adolescents who were left-behind children or in primary schools were more likely to engage in NSSI. Additionally, 56.2% of the participants had moderate to severe childhood trauma, and 26.1% of the participants had PSH. Furthermore, childhood trauma and PSH would increase the risk of NSSI by 2 times (B = 0.79,
< 0.01) and 5 times (B = 1.64,
< 0.01), respectively. SEM was established (
= 0.512) and the goodness-of-fit indices were examined (CMIN/DF = 0.892; GFI = 0.997; AGFI = 0.992; NFI = 0.991; RFI = 0.980; IFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA < 0.001). The SEM indicated that childhood trauma positively predicted NSSI both directly and indirectly through PSH. PSH has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and NSSI. The assessment of PSH may be an operable and effective method to screen and predict NSSI. Meanwhile, the intervention of childhood trauma and PSH may effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of NSSI among adolescents.
Pim-2 kinase is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM. Changes in quantitative metabolism, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation ...pathways are reportedly markers of all tumor cells. However, the relationship between Pim-2 and glycolysis in MM cells remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the relationship between Pim-2 and glycolysis. We found that Pim-2 inhibitors inhibited glycolysis and energy production in MM cells. Inhibition of Pim-2 decreased the proliferation of MM tumor cells and increased their susceptibility to apoptosis. Our data suggest that reduced Pim-2 expression inhibits the energy metabolism process in MM, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Hence, Pim-2 is a potential metabolic target for MM treatment.
Background
Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are originated from circulating mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. They result from the recruitment of tumor cells and are a vital constituent of ...the tumor microenvironment. TAMs may be involved in the immunological escape of vicious clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) of sufferers with myeloma.
Methods
From March 2020 to January 2021, 28 healthy controls (HC) and 86 multiple myeloma (MM) (53 newly diagnosed MM NDMM and 33 remissions) patients were enrolled as objects of the study. The expression of TAMs in the BM, CSF1 on CD138 + cells, and CSF1R on macrophages were detected by the method of flow cytometry, and the expression of PD‐1 on CD8 + T cells and PD‐L1 on TAMs were also done. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were extracted and cultured into TAMs, CD8 + T cells were sorted by magnetic beads and cultured, a coculture system was established and different inhibitors were added. The expression of the perforin and granzyme B was detected by flow cytometry.
Results
The percentage of TAMs in NDMM group (61.49 ± 2.176%) increased when compared with remission (23.08 ± 1.699%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.95 ± 1.865%, p < 0.001), and TAMs decreased after adding CSF1R inhibitor. Moreover, the expression of CSF1 on CD138 + cells increased significantly in NDMM group (17.090 ± 0.9156%) than remission (8.214 ± 0.5911% p < 0.001), and HC group (5.257 ± 0.6231%, p < 0.001), and CSF1R on macrophages increased significantly in NDMM group (58.78 ± 2.286%) than remission (20.74 ± 1.376%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.42 ± 1.081%, p < 0.001). The expression of PD‐1 on CD8 + T cells in NDMM group (32.64 ± 2.982%) increased than remission (20.35 ± 2.335% p < 0.01) and HC group (17.53 ± 1.349%, p < 0.001), and PD‐L1 on TAMs also increased in NDMM group (50.92 ± 2.554%) than remission (20.02 ± 1.893%, p < 0.001) and HC group (13.08 ± 1.289%, p < 0.001). When CD8 + T cells were cocultured with TAMs, the perforin and granzyme B levels decreased significantly. However, the perforin and granzyme B levels were partly restored after adding CSF1R inhibitor and anti‐PD‐L1 antibody.
Conclusion
Our study shows that TAMs were increased in MM patients which can inhibit the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) through the PD‐1/ PD‐L1 signaling pathway and participate in the occurrence of immune escape of myeloma cells.
Tumor‐associated macrophages(TAMs) are a vital constituent of the tumor microenvironment and involved in the immunological escape of vicious clonal plasma cells of myeloma patients. Our research shows that CSF1R can regulates the production of TAMs while the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway regulates the effect of TAMs on cytotoxic T lymphocyte. It may provide a new basis for targeted therapy of multiple myeloma.
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