A facile strategy is presented to form 3D porous Cu@Cu2O aerogel networks by self‐assembling Cu@Cu2O nanoparticles with the diameters of ca. 40 nm for constructing catalytic interfaces. Unexpectedly, ...the prepared Cu@Cu2O aerogel networks display excellent electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation at a low onset potential of ca. 0.25 V. Moreover, the Cu@Cu2O aerogels also can act as mimicking‐enzymes including horseradish peroxidase and NADH peroxidase, and show obvious enzymatic catalytic activities to the oxidation of dopamine (DA), o‐phenyldiamine (OPD), 3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the presence of H2O2. These 3D Cu@Cu2O aerogel networks are a new class of porous catalytic materials as mimic peroxidases and electrocatalysts and offer a novel platform to construct catalytic interfaces for promising applications in electrochemical sensors and artificial enzymatic catalytic systems.
A facile strategy to form 3D porous Cu@Cu2O aerogel networks by self‐assembling Cu@Cu2O nanoparticles for constructing catalytic interfaces as electrocatalysts and mimicking peroxidases is reported. The 3D Cu@Cu2O aerogel networks exhibit excellent electrocatalysis ability toward glucose oxidation and peroxidase‐like catalytic activity to the oxidation of a variety of substrates, including dopamine, in the presence of H2O2.
Drawing from the psychology of working theory, this study aims to understand how decent work is related to employee well-being. Specifically, it explored the role of need satisfaction (i.e., ...survival, social contribution, and self-determination) in the relationship between decent work and employee well-being, and compared the mediating effects of the three types of need satisfaction. After collecting a sample of 421 millennial employees in China through online questionnaires, the study conducted the analysis of the data and found that decent work positively predicted well-being of millennial employees. While social contribution need satisfaction and self-determination need satisfaction partially mediated the effect of decent work on well-being of millennial employees, the mediating effect of survival need satisfaction was not significant. Compared with social contribution need satisfaction, self-determination need satisfaction had a more significant mediating effect on well-being of millennial employees. The study does extend the literature on the antecedents of employee well-being and the results can offer some implications for managers to enhance well-being of millennial employees.
Node ranking in complex networks is of great value in many fields, such as identifying opinion leaders in social networks and risky institutions in financial networks. However, traditional ranking ...methods are built on heuristic rules and may be effective in certain datasets and fail in others. To address the issues, we formulate node ranking on complex networks as a learning to rank problem, and propose a novel model based on self-supervised learning and graph convolution model to rank nodes based on integrated information from node features and network structure. (1) We develop a self-supervised pretext task to extract information about node location and global topology from complex networks. (2) To train the model more efficiently, multi-task learning is adopted, which includes ranking task and regression task besides the self-supervised pretext task. Our model works well with only a small number of nodes that have ranking labels. Comprehensive experiments on different datasets demonstrate that it outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods, which verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
Oil mobility in liquid-rich shale is crucial for economic success of resource development. The characteristics of the host rock and the properties of oil fluids are two primary factors controlling ...fluid mobility. Organic geochemistry data allows examination of both resource potential and oil mobility. We propose data-driven empirical models in this paper to describe hydrocarbon resource potential with respect to oil mobility. The proposed methods were applied to a dataset collected from the Eocene-Oligocene Es3 and Es4 source rock units in four recent shale oil exploration wells in the Jiyang Super-Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin. The dataset, results from standard programmed pyrolysis of whole rock samples as well as solvent extracted replicates of 139 core samples, was studied to examine the source rock characteristics and shale oil resource potential. Bulk geochemical characteristics and thermal decomposition trends allow for sub-division of the samples into two groups; a) samples with high initial hydrogen index (>800 mg HC/g TOC) and average present day TOC of 4.07% from LY1 and NY1 wells in a distal facies; and b) samples with slightly lower initial hydrogen index (about 700 mg HC/g TOC) and average TOC of 3.11% from FY1 and L69 wells in a transitional facies. Three different categories of oil resource with respect to oil mobility can be defined: adsorbed, restricted and movable based on organic geochemical characteristics and their variations in the stratigraphic intervals represented by the samples in the four wells. We show that expulsion efficiency is a good indicator of hydrocarbon retention in source rock reservoir and that the two wells in the distal facies have higher total resource potentials with abundant movable oil resource than the two wells in the transitional facies. The total oil potential is separated into three types of oil resource to show oil mobility, thus providing more information for business decision.
•Hydrocarbon mobility and retention capacity are crucial in evaluating shale oil resource•Methods are proposed to quantify hydrocarbon retention and mobility in shale resource evaluation•High hydrocarbon retention and better oil mobility associated with distal facies in deep water lacustrine setting
Obtaining reliable total oil yield in a source rock from routine programed pyrolysis data represents a technical challenge for the characterization of source rocks in early mature and oil window due ...to strong interactions between bitumen and kerogen/rock matrix. A common laboratory solution for a robust estimate of total oil yield requires two pyrolysis experiments using a whole rock sample and a post-solvent extracted replicate. In this paper, we present a numerical solution that provides a reliable estimate of total oil yield directly from a single routine Rock-Eval experiment. In temperature domain, the thermally vaporized products from heavy oil and bitumen adsorbed to the organic matter and the pyrolyzed products from kerogen show a certain degree of overlap in the default temperature range of S2 peak. By transforming the routine Rock-Eval pyrogram (FID curve) into activation energy variable space, it allows for separation of the reactants into subgroups by their responses to ramping temperature. The thermally vaporized products can be then discriminated from the thermally pyrolyzed products based on the differences in their thermal stability and decomposition behaviour. The proposed method was applied to the source rock samples in the Eocene-Oligocene Shahejie Formation of Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, where programed pyrolysis results from whole rock samples and post-solvent extracted replicates were obtained. The case study suggests that (a) the two-step pyrolysis experiment approach may still under-estimate the total oil yield in case that solvent extraction treatment fails to remove all hydrocarbons in the sample; (b) the post-solvent extracted equivalent S2x values derived numerically from routine Rock-Eval analysis and those derived from post-extracted analysis are comparable with a correlation coefficient of 0.9766, suggesting numerical approach is as effective as additional laboratory experiment; and (c) the proposed approach can remove all petroleum in the sample numerically, thus providing an un-biased and robust estimate of total oil yield, a cost- and time-effective alternative to the traditional two experiment approach.
•Mixing of thermally vaporized bitumens with kerogen cracking products makes estimating total oil yield difficult for early mature rocks•Traditional laboratory approach requires two separate programmed pyrolysis experiments, but still under-estimates the total oil yield•Proposed numerical solution requires only a single routine programmed pyrolysis experiment, providing a cost effective and green alternative
Source rock samples can be “contaminated” by expelled oils from nearby mature source rocks or from the organic-rich laminae within the same source rock units. The “contaminations” on the Rock-Eval ...samples could produce a false high S1 peak, a high Production Index (PI), a suppressed Tmax and other anomalies. Identifying the samples affected by expelled oils, assessing and correcting the impacts are crucial in source rock study for shale oil/shale gas resource evaluation. This study analyzes the Rock-Eval 6 results of 43 core samples from two recent shale oil exploration wells of the Eocene Qianjiang Formation, a confined source rock unit embedded with salt intervals formed in a hypersaline lacustrine setting in central China. The geochemical anomalies of the affected samples are shown through the available samples in this study. Criteria for identifying the affected samples are discussed, and impacts on the conventional Rock-Eval parameters and subsequent estimation of kinetic parameters presented. This study provides insights into Rock-Eval data interpretation, particularly in source rock evaluation for estimating shale oil resources.
•Source rock samples can be contaminated by oils expelled from adjacent organic-rich rocks•Exogenous hydrocarbons in confined source rocks may affect Rock-Eval data interpretation•Identifying the affected samples will help improve Rock-Eval data interpretation
In order to investigate the impact of herbaceous root development on soil slope stability in expansive soil areas, the research was conducted in the soil slope experimental area of Yaoshi Town, ...Shangzhou District, Shangluo City. Three types of herbaceous plants, namely Lolium perenne, Medicago, and Cynodon dactylon, were planted to examine their influence on slope stability. The results indicated that Lolium perenne had significantly higher root length density and root surface area density compared to Cynodon dactylon and Medicago. However, the root weight density of Cynodon dactylon was found to be highest. The roots of Lolium perenne, Cynodon dactylon, and Medicago were predominantly observed in diameter ranges of 0 < L ≤ 1.0 mm, 0 < L ≤ 2.5 mm, and 2.5 < L ≤ 3.0 mm, respectively. The roots of herbaceous plants have the ability to enhance water retention in soil, resist hydraulic erosion of slope soil, and reduce soil shrinkage and swelling. During the initial phase of herbaceous planting, there is an accelerated process of organic carbon mineralization in the soil. The roots of herbaceous plants play a crucial role in soil consolidation and slope protection. They achieve this by dispersing large clastic particles, binding small particles together, altering soil porosity, enhancing soil water retention, and reducing soil water infiltration. It was found that Lolium perenne and Medicago, which have well-developed roots, exhibited superior slope protection effects. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding for the implementation of green ecological protection technology on soil slopes.
Protecting-group-free total syntheses of natural products norascyronone A and norascyronone B were accomplished in eight steps from the commercially available starting material ...1-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzene. The key step was a Mn/Cu-mediated oxidative cascade annulation reaction that formed the tetracyclic core of the target molecules bearing vicinal bridge-head all-carbon quaternary chiral centers. Our investigation indicated that the C5 stereogenic center of norascyronone C plays a critical role in the proposed biomimetic oxidative reaction for B-ring formation.
Air pollution may cause many severe diseases. An efficient air quality monitoring system is of great benefit for human health and air pollution control. In this paper, we study image-based air ...quality analysis, in particular, the concentration estimation of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ). The proposed method uses a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify natural images into different categories based on their PM2.5 concentrations. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we created a dataset that contains total 591 images taken in Beijing with corresponding PM2.5 concentrations. The experimental results demonstrate that our method are valid for image-based PM2.5 concentration estimation.
