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•PVA/MXene alternating multilayered films were fabricated via multilayered casting.•The multilayered films exhibited high EMI SE of 44.4 dB and SSEt of 9343 dB cm2 g−1.•The ...multilayered films exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 4.57 W/mK.•The multilayered films showed remarkable anti-dripping performance.
With the miniaturized and high-frequency development in electronic products, polymeric films synchronously with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) and thermal conductivity (TC) are urgently needed. In this work, poly (vinyl alcohol)/transition metal carbide (PVA/MXene) films featured with alternating multilayered structure were fabricated through multilayered casting. The continuous MXene layer provided a compact network for conducting heat and electron, endowing the multilayered film with excellent EMI SE and TC synchronously. In particular, the 27-μm-thick PVA/MXene multilayered film (containing 19.5 wt% MXene in total) exhibited an electrical conductivity of 716 S/m, a maximum EMI SE of 44.4 dB and a specific EMI SE (SSEt) of 9343 dB cm2 g−1. Meanwhile, the multilayered film showed a high in-plane TC of 4.57 W/mK, enhanced by almost 23-fold compared with that of neat PVA. Moreover, the multilayered architecture endowed the film with remarkable anti-dripping performance. This work provides a novel and feasible strategy for fabricating flame-retardant polymeric thermal conductive and EMI shielding films, which will have enormous prospect in advanced electrical devices.
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•Asymmetrical 1-alkyl-1′-aryl substituted viologen and polyviologen were synthesized.•Viologens-based electrochromic devices with polymeric ionic liquids were assembled.•The ECDs ...exhibited well electrochromic behavior.•Cyclic stability over 96% of initial transmittance change after 4000 cycles of switching.
In this work, we proposed an effective route of introducing poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) gel as electrolyte to suppress dimer formation of viologen radical cation during switching in electrochromic devices (ECDs). The ECDs were fabricated based on ion gels consisting of various viologens, PIL and ferrocene (Fc). We found that incorporation of PIL contributed to the suppression of dimer production. The suppression of dimer formation can provide ECDs with improved colouration efficiencies, faster switching times, longer cycle lives, and potentially reduced costs. The results showed that an excellent cyclic stability over 96% of initial transmittance change after 4000 cycles of switching.
•An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor was developed to detect Pb2+ and Cd2+ simultaneously.•The proposed sensor is used to selectively and sensitively determine trace Pb2+ and Cd2+ in fruit ...and vegetable.•The aptasensor displayed low detection limit of 16.44 pmol/L for Pb2+ and 89.31 pmol/L for Cd2+.
An electrochemical aptasensor based on aptamer was designed for the first time to simultaneously detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ in fruit and vegetable. The double-stranded DNA including aptamers were immobilized on the electrode via Au-S bond. Due to the specific binding of aptamer and metal ions, the aptamers labelled with methylene blue or ferrocene were competed off the gold electrode, and the electrochemical signal was decreased. Under the optimal conditions, the electrochemical aptasensor showed linear response to Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the range of 0.1 to 1000 nmol/L, and the detection limits of Cd2+ and Pb2+ achieved 89.31 and 16.44 pmol/L (3σ), respectively. Excellent stability and reproducibility were exhibited with RSD 2.27% (Cd2+) and 3.61% (Pb2+). The digested fruit and vegetable were also tested, and the recoveries were in the range of 90.06% to 97.24%. Thus, this strategy held great potential in monitoring cadmium and lead pollution.
Abstract
To date, large amounts of genomic and phenotypic data have been accumulated in the fields of crop genetics and genomic research, and the data are increasing very quickly. However, the ...bottleneck to using big data in breeding is integrating the data and developing tools for revealing the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Here, we report a rice sub-database of an integrated omics knowledgebase (MBKbase-rice, www.mbkbase.org/rice), which integrates rice germplasm information, multiple reference genomes with a united set of gene loci, population sequencing data, phenotypic data, known alleles and gene expression data. In addition to basic data search functions, MBKbase provides advanced web tools for genotype searches at the population level and for visually displaying the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Furthermore, the database also provides online tools for comparing two samples by their genotypes and finding target germplasms by genotype or phenotype information, as well as for analyzing the user submitted SNP or sequence data to find important alleles in the germplasm. A soybean sub-database is planned for release in 3 months and wheat and maize will be added in 1–2 years. The data and tools integrated in MBKbase will facilitate research in crop functional genomics and molecular breeding.
Lactic acid, a metabolic by-product of host and intestinal microbiota, has been recovered as an active signal molecule in the immune system. In this study, a lactic acid biosynthesis pathway that ...directly produces lactic acid from glucose rather than ethanol with high production was reconstructed in
. The engineered
showed anti-inflammatory activity in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice with improved histological damage, increased mucosal barrier, and decreased intestinal immune response. Lactic acid regulated the macrophage polarization state and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and
. Increasing the macrophage monocarboxylic acid transporter-mediated active lactic acid uptake suppressed the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the downstream caspase-1 pathway in macrophages. Moreover, lactic acid promoted histone H3K9 acetylation and histone H3K18 lactylation. Meanwhile, the engineered
altered the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota and changed the abundance of metabolic products in mice with colitis. In conclusion, this study shows that the application of engineered
attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice
suppressing macrophage pyroptosis and modulating the intestinal microbiota, which is an effective and safe treatment strategy for ulcerative colitis.
The seasonal flooding and drainage process affect the paddy soils, the existence of the iron state either Fe(III) or Fe(II) is the main redox system of paddy soil. Its morphological transformation ...affects the redox nature of paddy soils, which also affects the distribution of bacterial community diversity. This study based on molecular biological methods (qPCR, Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique) to investigate the effect of Fe(II) and environmental factors on cbbM genes containing carbon fixing microbes. Both Eh5 and pH were reduced with Fe(II) concentrations. The Fe(II) addition significantly affects the cbbM gene copy number in both texture soils. In loamy soil, cbbM gene copy number increased with high addition of Fe(II), while both low and high concentrations significantly reduced the cbbM gene copy number in sandy soil. Chemotrophic bacterial abundance significantly increased by 79.7% and 54.8% with high and low Fe(II) addition in loamy soil while in sandy soil its abundance decreased by 53% and 54% with the low and high Fe(II) accumulation. The phototrophic microbial community increased by 37.8% with low Fe(II) concentration and decreased by 16.2% with a high concentration in loamy soil, while in sandy soil increased by 21% and 14.3% in sandy soil with low and high Fe(II) addition. Chemoheterotrophic carbon fixing bacterial abundance decreased with the Fe(II) accumulation in both soil textures in loamy soil its abundance decreased by 5.8% and 24.8%, while in sand soil 15.7% and 12.8% with low and high Fe(II) concentrations. The Fe(II) concentration and soil textures maybe two of the major factors to shape the bacterial community structure in paddy soils. These results provide a scientific basis for management of paddy soil fertility and it can be beneficial to take measures to ease the greenhouse gases effect.
•Chemotrophic bacterial abundance significantly increased with both Fe(II) concentrations in loamy soil, while its abundance decreased in sandy soil.•Phototrophic bacteria abundance increased with low Fe(II) concentration and decreased with a high concentration in loamy soil, while its abundance increased with both Fe(II) concentration in sandy soil.•Chemoheterotrophic bacterial abundance decreased with both concentrations of Fe(II) in two texture soils.
Postharvest loss caused by a range of pathogens necessitates exploring novel antifungal compounds that are safe and efficient in managing the pathogens. This study evaluated the antifungal activity ...of ethyl ferulate (EF) and explored its mechanisms of action against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum candidum and evaluated its potential to inhibit postharvest decay. The results demonstrated that EF exerts potent antifungal activity against a wide board of postharvest pathogens. Results also revealed that its antifungal mechanism is multifaceted: EF may be involved in binding to and disturbing the integrity of the fungal plasma membrane, causing leakage of intracellular content and losing normal morphology and ultrastructure. EF also induced oxidative stress in the pathogen, causing membrane lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation. EF inhibited the critical gene expression of the pathogen, affecting its metabolic regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and cell wall degrading enzymes. EF exhibited antifungal inhibitory activity when applied directly into peel wounds or after incorporation with chitosan coating. Due to its wide board and efficient antifungal activity, EF has the potential to provide a promising alternative to manage postharvest decay.
•Ethyl ferulate (EF) exerts a prominent antifungal effect.•EF exerts multifaceted antifungal mechanisms of action.•EF causes morphological damage, membrane integrity loss, and oxidative stress of the pathogen.•EF can directly act in the fruit wound or be incorporated with edible coating to control postharvest decay.
Ice-bonding collagen peptides (IBCPs) from bovine bone collagen hydrolysates were isolated by an improved ice-affinity adsorption system. Then its breadmaking performance in the frozen dough and ...ice-binding mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the isolation time of IBCPs was shortened to 6 h using the improved ice-affinity adsorption system. IBCPs with the molecular mass distribution of 3000–5000 Da exhibited the highest thermal hysteresis (TH) activity (5.77 °C), which can be classified as “hyperactive”. When the IBCPs of 0.25% was added in the frozen dough, the distribution of water molecules was significantly changed with a decrease in freezing time (43.93%) and thawing time (37.25%). The addition of IBCPs also considerably increased the survival rate of yeast and thereby improved the texture of the steamed bread. Further study showed that the crystals grew in the IBCPs solution perpendicularly to the c axis of the crystal with a low crystals growth rate (k value of 149.50 μm2 S−1), and then produced unusual six-pointed-star shapes. Moreover, the binding of oxygen triad plane of IBCPs to the primary and secondary prism faces of ice appears to be the mechanism by which IBCPs inhibited ice crystal growth.
•Ice-bonding collagen peptides (IBCPs) were isolated by ice affinity adsorption system.•The IBCPs in the range of 3000–5000 Da exhibited the maximal TH activity of 5.77 °C.•The IBCPs changed the habit of ice crystals growth with strong RI activity.•The IBCPs exhibited a protective effect to frozen dough by changing their water state.•The IBCPs improved the quality of steamed bread made from frozen dough.
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