Abstract
Achieving good stability while maintaining excellent properties is one of the main challenges for enhancing the competitiveness of luminescent perovskite CsPbX
3
(X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals ...(NCs). Here, we propose a facile strategy to synthesize ceramic-like stable and highly luminescent CsPbBr
3
NCs by encapsulating them into silica derived from molecular sieve templates at high temperature (600–900
o
C). The obtained CsPbBr
3
-SiO
2
powders not only show high photoluminescence quantum yield (~71%), but also show an exceptional stability comparable to the ceramic Sr
2
SiO
4
:Eu
2+
green phosphor. They can maintain 100% of their photoluminescence value under illumination on blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chips (20 mA, 2.7 V) for 1000 h, and can also survive in a harsh hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (1 M) for 50 days. We believe that the above robust stabilities will significantly enhance the potential of perovskite CsPbX
3
NCs to be practically applied in LEDs and backlight displays.
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has been an emerging substitute for conventional EMR (CEMR). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at comparing the efficiency and safety of ...the two techniques for removing ≥10 mm sessile or flat colorectal polyps.
PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched up to February 2023 to identify eligible studies that compared the outcomes of UEMR and CEMR. This meta-analysis was conducted on the en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, complete resection rate, procedure time, adverse events rate and recurrence rate.
Nine studies involving 1,727 colorectal polyps were included: 881 were removed by UEMR, and 846 were removed by CEMR. UEMR was associated with a significant increase in en bloc resection rate Odds ratio(OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.36-2.10, p<0.00001, I2 = 33%, R0 resection rate(OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14-2.03, p = 0.004, I2 = 31%) and complete resection rate(OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.06-2.62, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%) as well as a significant reduction in procedure time(MD ‒4.27, 95%CI ‒7.41 to ‒1.13, p = 0.008, I2 = 90%) and recurrence rate(OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.33-0.83, p = 0.006, I2 = 6%). Both techniques were comparable in adverse events rate.
UEMR can be a safe and efficient substitute for CEMR in removing ≥10 mm sessile or flat colorectal polyps. More studies verifying the advantages of UEMR over CEMR are needed to promote its application.
The development of a powerful nanoplatform to realize the simultaneous therapy and diagnosis of cancer using a similar element for theranostics remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report such a ...theranostic nanoplatform based on pyridine (Pyr)-functionalized generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers complexed with copper(II) (Cu(II)) for radiotherapy-enhanced T 1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the synergistic radio-chemotherapy of both tumors and tumor metastasis. In this study, amine-terminated G5 dendrimers were covalently linked with 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, acetylated to neutralize their remaining terminal amines, and complexed with Cu(II) through both the internal tertiary amines and the surface Pyr groups to form the G5.NHAc-Pyr/Cu(II) complexes. We show that the complexes are able to inhibit the proliferation of different cancer cell lines with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 10 μM and induce significant cancer cell apoptosis. Due to the presence of Cu(II), the G5.NHAc-Pyr/Cu(II) complexes display an r 1 relaxivity of 0.7024 mM–1 s–1, enabling effective in vivo MR imaging of tumor xenografts and lung metastatic nodules. Further, under radiotherapy (RT) conditions, the tumor MR imaging sensitivity can be significantly enhanced, and the G5.NHAc-Pyr/Cu(II) complexes enable the enhanced chemotherapy of both a xenografted tumor model and a blood-vessel metastasis model. With the demonstrated theranostic potential of the dendrimer-Cu(II) nanocomplexes without additional agents or elements for RT-enhanced MR imaging and chemotherapy of tumor and tumor metastasis, this novel Cu(II)-based nanohybrids may hold great promise for the theranostics of different cancer types and metastases.
Exosomes are membranous vesicles found in biological fluids with important functions. However, milk-derived exosome proteins from humans and bovines have not been studied in detail. The advanced ...iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to analyze milk-derived exosomes in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk samples. A total of 920 milk exosome proteins were identified and quantified. Among these, 575 differentially expressed exosome proteins (P<0.05) were found. Multivariate analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation and the KEGG pathway were used to interpret the identified proteins. The major biological processes involved were: response to stimulus (22%), localization (16%), establishment of localization (14%), and cellular component organization (14%). Cellular components engaged in intracellular (31%) and intracellular part (31%). The most prevalent molecular function mainly touched upon binding (52%). Milk exosome proteins participated in several KEGG pathways containing ribosome, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results provide important information on human and bovine milk exosomes, and increase knowledge on the proteomes of these exosomes across different lactation stages, which could provide potential directions for newborn milk powder, biological markers and functional foods.
The advanced iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to analyze differentially expressed exosome proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk. Display omitted
•Exosomes are membranous vesicles found in milk with important functions.•The iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS is a valuable tool for analysis of milk proteins.•Milk-derived exosomes in human and bovine milk are a significant part.•Milk-derived exosomes play an important role in the immune system.
PEGylation of an oligonucleotide using a brush polymer can improve its biopharmaceutical characteristics, including enzymatic stability and biodistribution. Herein, we quantitatively explore the ...nuclease accessibility of the nucleic acid as a function of “depth” toward the backbone of the brush polymer. It is found that protein accessibility decreases as the nucleotide is located closer to the backbone. Thus, by moving the conjugation point from the terminus of the nucleic acid strand to an internal position, much smaller brushes can be used to achieve the same level of steric shielding. This finding also makes it possible to assess antisense gene regulation efficiency of these brush–DNA conjugates as a function of their nuclease stability.
We report a facile and economic approach to fabricating catalytic active palladium (Pd) nanoparticle (NP)-immobilized electrospun polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers for ...catalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). In this study, PEI/PVA nanofibrous mats were first electrospun from homogeneous mixture solution of PEI and PVA, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde vapor to render the fibers with good water stability. The nanofibrous mats were then alternatively soaked in potassium tetrachloropallidate (K2PdCl4) and sodium borohydride solution, and the PdCl4 2‑ anions complexed with the free amine groups of PEI were able to be reduced to form zero-valent Pd NPs. The formed Pd NP-containing PEI/PVA nanofibers were characterized by different techniques. We show that the immobilization of Pd NPs does not significantly change the morphology of the PEI/PVA nanofibers; instead the mechanical durability of the fibers is significantly improved. The formed Pd NPs with a mean diameter of 2.6 nm are quite uniformly distributed within the fibers with a small portion of particles having a denser distribution at the outer surface of the fibers. The catalytic activity and reusability of the fabricated Pd NP-containing fibrous mats were evaluated by transformation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in aqueous solution in the presence of a reducing agent. Our results reveal that the Pd NP-containing nanofibrous mats display an excellent catalytic activity and reusability for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The facile approach to fabricating metal NP-immobilized polymer nanofibers with a high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced mechanical durability, and uniform NP distribution may be extended to prepare different NP-immobilized fibrous systems for various applications in catalysis, sensing, environmental sciences, and biomedicine.
PEGylation is an attractive approach to modifying oligonucleotides intended for therapeutic purposes. PEG conjugation reduces protein interactions with the oligonucleotide, and helps to overcome ...their intrinsic biopharmaceutical shortcomings, such as poor enzymatic stability, rapid body clearance, and unwanted immunostimulation. However, the effect of PEG architecture and the manner in which the PEG component interferes with the hybridization of the oligonucleotide remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically compare the hybridization thermodynamics and protein accessibility of several DNA conjugates involving linear, Y‐shaped, and brush‐type PEG. It is found that PEGylated DNA experiences two opposing effects: local excluded volume effect and chemical interactions, the strengths of which are architecture‐dependent. Notably, the brush architecture is able to offer significantly greater protein shielding capacity than its linear or Y‐shaped counterparts, while maintaining nearly identical free energy for DNA hybridization compared with free DNA.
Opposing effects: The hybridization thermodynamics and protein accessibility of a series of PEG–DNA conjugates were compared. The DNA was found to experience two effects from the PEG component: an excluded volume effect and a chemical interaction effect, which work in opposite directions on duplex stability and are polymer‐architecture‐dependent.
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► The incorporation of MWCNTs did not appreciably affect the morphology of the PVA/CS nanofibers. ► Protein adsorption on the nanofibers was greatly improved upon the incorporation of ...MWCNTs. ► The incorporation of MWCNTs into the PVA/CS nanofibers significantly promoted cell proliferation. ► MWCNT-incorporated PVA/CS nanofibers may be used for applications in tissue engineering.
We report the fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) nanofibers with improved cellular response for potential tissue engineering applications. In this study, smooth and uniform PVA/CS and PVA/CS/MWCNTs nanofibers with water stability were formed by electrospinning, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde vapor. The morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the formed electrospun fibrous mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical testing, respectively. We showed that the incorporation of MWCNTs did not appreciably affect the morphology of the PVA/CS nanofibers; importantly the protein adsorption ability of the nanofibers was significantly improved. In vitro cell culture of mouse fibroblasts (L929) seeded onto the electrospun scaffolds showed that the incorporation of MWCNTs into the PVA/CS nanofibers significantly promoted cell proliferation. Results from this study hence suggest that MWCNT-incorporated PVA/CS nanofibrous scaffolds with small diameters (around 160
nm) and high porosity can mimic the natural extracellular matrix well, and potentially provide many possibilities for applications in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Pyroptosis is regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ovarian cancer (OC). Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis-related lncRNAs (PRLs) in OC is crucial for developing therapeutic ...strategies and survival prediction.
Based on public database raw data, mutations in the landscape of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in patients with OC were investigated thoroughly. PRLs were identified by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients. Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed on PRLs to screen for lncRNAs participating in the risk signature. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, decision curve analysis (DCA) curves, and calibration curves were used to confirm the clinical benefits. To assess the ability of the risk signature to independently predict prognosis, it was included in a Cox regression analysis with clinicopathological parameters. Two nomograms were constructed to facilitate clinical application. In addition, potential biological functions of the risk signature were investigated using gene function annotation. Subsequently, immune-related landscapes and
mutations were compared in different risk groups using diverse bioinformatics algorithms. Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis and
assays on alternative lncRNAs.
A total of 374 patients with OC were randomized into training and validation cohorts (7:3). A total of 250 PRLs were selected from all the lncRNAs. Subsequently, a risk signature (DICER1-AS1, MIR600HG, AC083880.1, AC109322.1, AC007991.4, IL6R-AS1, AL365361.1, and AC022098.2) was constructed to distinguish the risk of patient survival. The ROC curve, K-M analysis, DCA curve, and calibration curve indicated excellent predictive performance for determining overall survival (OS) based on the risk signature in each cohort (
< 0.05). The Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for OS (
< 0.05). Moreover, significant differences in the immune response and
mutations were identified in different groups distinguished by the risk signature (
< 0.05). Interestingly,
assays showed that an alternative lncRNA (
) could promote OC cell proliferation.
The PRL risk signature could independently predict overall survival and guide treatment in patients with OC.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based fog radio access networks (F-RANs) offer high spectrum efficiency, ultra-low delay, and huge network throughput, and this is made possible by edge ...computing and communication functions of the fog access points (F-APs). Meanwhile, caching-enabled F-APs are responsible for edge caching and delivery of a large volume of multimedia files during the caching phase, which facilitates further reduction in the transmission energy and burden. The need of the prevailing situation in industry is that in NOMA-based F-RANs, energy-efficient resource allocation, which consists of cache placement (CP) and radio resource allocation (RRA), is crucial for network performance enhancement. To this end, in this paper, we first characterize an NOMA-based F-RAN in which F-APs of caching capabilities underlaid with the radio remote heads serve user equipments via the NOMA protocol. Then, we formulate a resource allocation problem for maximizing the defined performance indicator, namely network profit, which takes caching cost, revenue, and energy efficiency into consideration. The NP-hard problem is decomposed into two sub-problems, namely the CP sub-problem and RRA sub-problem. Finally, we propose an iterative method and a Stackelberg game based method to solve them, and numerical results show that the proposed solution can significantly improve network profit compared to some existing schemes in NOMA-based F-RANs.
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