In this work we suggest a methodology to obtain the membership of a non-observable parameter through implicit information. To this aim we profit from the interpretation of membership functions as ...coherent conditional probabilities. We develop full details for the well known Black and Scholes pricing model where the membership of the volatility parameter is obtained from a sample of either asset prices or market prices for options written on that asset.
It has been reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are considered particularly beneficial to human health and affect the technological properties of pork meat products such as salami. ...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5% CLA supplementation of heavy pig diets on the chemical composition, total fatty acids (FA), oxidative stability, sensory and microbial properties of Ciauscolo and Fabriano salami. The incorporation of CLA into the diet did not modify the chemical, microbial or sensory descriptive analysis of the salami. The CLA dietary supplementation changed the proportions of FA, in particular leading to an increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and CLA in both Ciauscolo and Fabriano salami. The results of consumer testing showed a higher degree of liking by consumers when the CLA sample was accompanied by product information, demonstrating the strong influence of the label on consumer perception. The interesting finding was the increase in the oxidative stability of the salami at the end of ripening. This confirms the hypothesis that CLA can affect the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids/monounsaturated FA ratio in meat products and possesses antioxidative properties that can be transferred, through dietary supplementation, to salami.
Practical applications: Feeding a 0.5% CLA diet to finisher pigs resulted in changes in the proportions of FA and enhanced the oxidative stability of salami but did not modify the sensory properties of the products. More research is needed to find the right inclusion level of CLA to be considered optimal from the point of view of producing a high quality product with superior organoleptical, technological and potential health‐related properties.
Production of value‐added meat products, such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) enriched Ciauscolo and Fabriano salamis, by the inclusion of the c9 t11 and t10 c12 CLA isomers in the swine diet.
Production of value‐added meat products, such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) enriched Ciauscolo and Fabriano salamis, by the inclusion of the c9 t11 and t10 c12 CLA isomers in the swine diet.
This paper reviews recent results applicable to medical diagnosis, obtained by adding structural constraints to a coherent inference process. Such further considerations turn out to be useful ...whenever a basic lower–upper conditional probability assessment induces extension bounds too vague to motivate an informed decision. Three general types of qualitative judgements are proposed and fully described. They do not constitute a “panacea” to solve every problematic situation, but their application can considerably improve inferences results in specific cases, as two practical applications show.
Usual estimates inside the statistical matching problem can encounter consistency problem whenever logical constraints are present among categorical variables. Inconsistencies correction through a ...specific discrepancy minimization has already shown, in terms of goodness-of-fit test, an empirical over-performance with respect to originally coherent assessments. This behavior is now confirmed also with respect to distances between imprecise estimates and imprecise models represented by credal sets of joint distributions.
We show how Bruno de Finetti's fundamental theorem of prevision has computable applications in statistical problems that involve only partial information. Specifically, we assess accuracy rates for ...median decision procedures used in the radiological diagnosis of asbestosis. Conditional exchangeability of individual radiologists' diagnoses is recognized as more appropriate than independence which is commonly presumed. The FTP yields coherent bounds on probabilities of interest when available information is insufficient to determine a complete distribution. Further assertions that are natural to the problem motivate a partial ordering of conditional probabilities, extending the computation from a linear to a quadratic programming problem.
In recent decades, qualitative approaches to probabilistic uncertainty have received more and more attention. We propose a characterisation of partial preference orders through a uniform axiomatic ...treatment of a variety of qualitative uncertainty notions. To this end, we prove a representation result that connects qualitative notions of partial uncertainty to their numerical counterparts. We describe an executable specification, in the declarative framework of Answer Set Programming, that constitutes the core engine for qualitative management of uncertainty. Some basic reasoning tasks are also identified.
In this paper we propose a way to restrict extension bounds induced by coherent conditional lower-upper probability assessments. Such shrinkage turns out to be helpful whenever the natural bounds are ...too vague to be used. Since coherence of a conditional lower-upper probability assessment can be characterized through a class of conditional probability distributions, the idea is to take the intersection of the extension bounds induced by each single element of the class instead of the convex combination, as it is usually done. Coherence of such method is proved for extensions performed on both conditional events logical dependent and not-dependent on the initial domain.
In this paper we deal with probabilistic inference in the most general form of coherent conditional probability assessments. In particular, our aim is to reduce computational difficulties that could ...arise with a direct application of the main characterization results. We reach our goal by introducing the notion of locally strong coherence and characterizing it by logical conditions. Hence, some of the numerical constraints are replaced by Boolean satisfiability conditions. An automatic procedure is proposed and its efficiency is proved. Some examples are reported to make easier the understanding of the machinery and to show its effectiveness.
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