We conducted a national survey to understand the impact of state-level density reporting laws on women’s level of density risk awareness and their engagement in conversations with providers regarding ...supplemental screening.
In all, 1,500 US women aged 40 to 74 years who obtained a mammogram within 2 years were surveyed in February 2018. The sampling design yielded 300 respondents in each of five groups categorized based on density reporting law features. Women were asked about their breast density-related knowledge, importance of being notified, and sources of information and if conversations with providers regarding density and supplemental screening occurred. Survey results were compared across groups and between women residing in states with versus without density laws.
The majority of respondents in all groups felt that it is important for women to know their breast density type (range, 85%-90%). Women were most likely informed of breast density type by a health care provider (range, 68%-72%), followed by the mammography result letter (range, 48%-68%), and then a radiologist (range, 46%-61%). Women from states with a density law were significantly more likely to have learned of their breast tissue type from a mammogram results letter (60% versus 48%, P = .011) and discuss supplemental screening (67% versus 53%, respectively; P = .008) than women from states without a law.
State-level density reporting laws are associated with increased breast density awareness and increased likelihood of conversations between women and their providers regarding supplemental screening.
Self-insertion of foreign bodies into the male urethra is a rare presentation. We report a unique case of urethral insertion involving three AAA batteries and the resulting battery acid leakage and ...urinary obstruction. This report discusses the approach to management, extraction techniques and effects of battery acid within the male urethra.
Four different varieties of almond seeds (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus Batsch, and P. communis (L.)) aged over two years in the dark at room temperature were analysed for ...changes in total lipid content, fatty acid profiles, soluble protein concentration, lipoxygenase activity, malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide production, and α -tocopherol content. Twenty-four months storage resulted in degradative changes in almond taste. Ageing induced accumulation of hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, suggesting that seed deterioration was associated with lipid peroxidation. In aged seeds the lipid content dropped; the levels of linoleic and α -linolenic acids in total and polar lipid fraction also decreased. Lipoxygenase activity and protein content remained more or less unchanged; conversely antioxidant α -tocopherol which was constitutively at high concentration (25–84 mg/100 g of dry weight (d.w.)) in all four varieties showed a marked decline after ageing. A possible relationship between α -tocopherol and lipid peroxidation is discussed.
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that initiates blood coagulation when complexed with factor (F)VIIa. Recently, TF has been shown to promote cellular signaling, tumor growth, ...angiogenesis, and metastasis. In the present study, we examined the pathway by which TF-FVIIa complex induces cellular signaling in human breast cancer cells using the Adr-MCF-7 cell line. This cell line has high endogenous TF expression as measured by flow cytometry and expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 (PAR1 and PAR2) as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Both PAR1 and PAR2 are functionally active as determined by induction of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation using specific agonist peptides. We found that MAPK phosphorylation in this cell line was strongly induced by the combination of FVIIa and factor (F)X, but not by FVIIa alone at a concentration of FVIIa that approaches physiological levels. Induction of MAPK phosphorylation involved the formation of TF-FVIIa-FXa complex and occurred by a pathway that did not require thrombin formation, indicating a critical role for FXa generation. In addition, induction of MAPK phosphorylation was found to be independent of PAR1 activation. We then examined whether TF-FVIIa complex formation could promote tumor cell migration using a modified Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay. The combination of FVIIa and FX, but not FVIIa alone, strongly induced migration of tumor cells by a pathway that probably involves PAR2, but not PAR1 activation. MAPK phosphorylation was found to be required for the induction of cell migration by the combination of FVIIa and FX. These data suggest that TF-FVIIa-mediated signaling in human breast cancer cells occurs most efficiently by formation of the TF-FVIIa-FXa complex. One of the physiological consequences of this signaling pathway is enhanced cell migration that is probably mediated by PAR2, but not PAR1 activation.
PDF
