The upgraded LHCb RICH detector: Status and perspectives Cardinale, R.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2016, Letnik:
824
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The LHCb upgrade will take place during the second long shutdown of the LHC (LS2). The upgrade will enable the experiment to run at an instantaneous luminosity of 2×1033cm−2s−1 and will read out data ...at a rate of 40MHz into a flexible software-based trigger. The two Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors (RICH), installed in the LHCb experiment, will be re-designed to comply with these new operating conditions. The status and perspective of the RICH upgrade project will be presented.
Performance of the LHCb RICH detector at the LHC Adinolfi, M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Albrecht, E. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2013, Letnik:
73, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHCb experiment has been taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN since the end of 2009. One of its key detector components is the Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system. This ...provides charged particle identification over a wide momentum range, from 2–100 GeV/
c
. The operation and control, software, and online monitoring of the RICH system are described. The particle identification performance is presented, as measured using data from the LHC. Excellent separation of hadronic particle types (
π
, K, p) is achieved.
Metastases from primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for the majority of the ∼10,000 non-melanoma skin cancer deaths in the United States annually. We studied lymphangiogenesis in ...human SCC because of the potential link to metastasis. SCC samples were stained for lymphatic endothelial vessel marker LYVE-1 and positive cells were counted and compared with cells in normal skin. Gene set enrichment analysis and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR were performed on SCC, on adjacent non-tumor-bearing skin, and on normal skin to determine the differential expression of lymphangiogenesis-associated genes. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was performed to isolate tumor cells and tumor-associated inflammatory cells for further gene expression analysis. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the source of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in the tumor microenvironment. We found increased lymphatic density and reorganized lymphatic endothelial vessels in the dermis immediately adjacent to SCC nests. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of VEGF-C in skin immediately adjacent to SCC. LCM confirmed the increased expression of VEGF-C, the SCC inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of CD163+/CD68+/VEGFC+ cells and absence of VEGF-C expression by CD3+ or CD11C+ cells suggested that VEGF-C is derived from tumor-associated macrophages. Clarification of mechanisms governing SCC-mediated lymphangiogenesis may identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention against aggressive or inoperable disease.
Heavy Quarkonia at LHCb Cardinale, R
EPJ Web of Conferences,
2015, Letnik:
96
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment during Run I provides a great opportunity for heavy flavour studies. The latest results on exotic states and quarkonia production are reported.
Objective: The objectives were to investigate the function of central auditory pathways and of the medial efferent olivocochlear system (MOCS).
Design: Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded ...following the delivery of the stimulus /da/ in quiet and in ipsilateral, contralateral, and binaural noise conditions and correlated to the results of the auditory processing disorders (APD) diagnostic test battery. MOCS function was investigated by adding ipsilateral, contralateral, and binaural noise to transient evoked otoacoustic emission recordings. Auditory brainstem responses and pure tone audiogram were also evaluated.
Study Sample: Nineteen children (7 to 12 years old) with APD were compared with 24 age-matched controls.
Results: Otoacoustic emissions and ABR characteristics did not differ between groups, whereas ERP latencies were significantly longer and of higher amplitudes in APD children than in controls, in both quiet and noise conditions. The MOCS suppression was higher in APD children.
Conclusions: Findings indicate that children with APD present with neural deficiencies in both challenging and nonchallenging environments with an increase in the timing of several central auditory processes correlated to their behavioural performances. Meanwhile, their modulation of the auditory periphery under noisy conditions differs from control children with higher suppression.
Optical systems for future Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors Cardinale, R.; Petrolini, A.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
October 2023, 2023-10-00, Letnik:
1055
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Optical systems for Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors have historically taken a variety of designs. Nowadays, technological developments allow more flexibility in the design and construction ...than was possible in the past, such as lightweight secondary mirrors that can be placed in the acceptance of an experiment, widespread use of non-spherical optical surfaces, flexible and fast tools for parametric optimisation of the optical systems before feeding into a full detector simulation. Within this context, the design of the LHCb RICH optical system for the current Run-3 data-taking of the LHC will be presented and compared to the parametric design of the proposed optics for the Upgrade II for the future HL-LHC phase.
The study of the B+ → $p\bar p$K+ decay channel at LHCb offers great opportunities to study different aspects of the Standard Model and possibly Beyond Standard Model physics. In particular it can be ...interesting not only for the possibility to measure CP asymmetry but also to study possible intermediate resonances. The ratios of the branching fractions of the B+ → $p\bar p$K+ decay channel, of the charmless component with ${\rm{M}}_{\rm{p\bar p}}$ < 2.85 GeV/c2 and of the charmonium contribution ηc relative to the J/ψ are presented.
Filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), and involucrin are important epidermal barrier proteins. As psoriasis is characterized by overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and impaired skin barrier, ...we investigated the expression of skin barrier proteins in psoriasis patients and whether their expression was modulated by TNF-α. The expression of FLG and LOR was found to be decreased in lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients. A correlation was found between the expression of TNF-α and epidermal barrier proteins in psoriasis. TNF-α was found to modulate the expression of FLG and LOR via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathway. Importantly, we report that clinical treatment of psoriasis patients with a TNF-α antagonist results in significant enhancement of epidermal barrier protein expression. Our current study suggests that TNF inhibits barrier protein expression, and TNF-α antagonists may contribute to clinical improvement in patients with psoriasis by improving barrier protein expression.
Purpose: Linac arc based stereotactic radiotherapy is being used with increasing frequency to treat brain tumors. This approach can be used for single or fractionated treatments, and is typically ...carried out with circular collimators which are optimal for small, spherical targets. Treatment planning using fixed noncoplanar beams or intensity-modulated beams may enhance the ability to conform to irregularly shaped and/or large tumors, especially when combined with stereotactic localization. We compare the dose conformity and normal brain dose characteristics of three stereotactic techniques for various nonspherical target shapes.
Methods and Materials: Three intracranial test targets were constructed using a 3D treatment planning system after a patient underwent CT simulation. The targets included an ellipsoid with major axis dimensions of 4.0, 2.0, and 2.0 cm, a hemisphere with a diameter of 4.0 cm, and an irregularly shaped patient tumor with a maximum dimension of 5.3 cm. The following stereotactic techniques were compared for each target: a) 5 arcs as used in traditional linac radiosurgery/radiotherapy (noncoplanar arcs ARCS), b) 6 fixed noncoplanar custom blocked fields (3D), c) intensity modulation using 6 noncoplanar beams and a mini-multileaf collimator (intensity-modulated radiation therapy IMRT). Dose volume histograms were performed for each target/technique combination.
Results: For the ellipsoid, dose conformity is similar for all three techniques and normal brain isodose distributions are more favorable with the ARCS plan. For the hemisphere and irregular tumor targets, dose conformity and high/low isodose normal brain volumes are more favorable with the IMRT technique.
Conclusions: For the targets described above, the intensity-modulated technique results in improved dose conformity and decreased dose to nontarget brain in high and low isodose regions as compared to the standard noncoplanar arc technique or noncoplanar fixed fields for the hemisphere and tumor targets. Intensity-modulated treatment delivery may allow for an increase in the therapeutic ratio for treating stereotactically defined large and/or irregularly shaped intracranial targets.
The housing of the photo-detectors for future Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors is a complex task, regardless of the sensor choice, due to the many requirements. The sensor housing for LHCb Upgrade II ...will be an evolution of the one developed for Upgrade I where a totally modular solution, based on fully autonomous functional units called Elementary Cells has been adopted. The main challenge of the new Elementary Cell will be to include active cooling. With SiPM, cooling well below zero degrees centigrade is required. Two different cooling strategies are considered and the status of the design for the Upgrade II Elementary Cell is presented.
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