Sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world and is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the human diet. We summarize the recent findings concerning the nutrients and bioactive ...compounds of sorghum and its potential impact on human health, analyzing the limitations and positive points of the studies and proposing directions for future research. Sorghum is basically composed of starch, which is more slowly digested than that of other cereals, has low digestibility proteins and unsaturated lipids, and is a source of some minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, most sorghum varieties are rich in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. The results obtained in vitro and in animals have shown that phenolics compounds and fat soluble compounds (polycosanols) isolated from sorghum benefit the gut microbiota and parameters related to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, and hypertension. The effects of whole sorghum and its fractions on human health need to be evaluated. In conclusion, sorghum is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, tannins, and polycosanols, which beneficially modulate, in vitro and in animals, parameters related to noncommunicable diseases. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of different processing on protein and starch digestibility of sorghum as well as on the profile and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. Furthermore, the benefits resulting from the interaction of bioactive compounds in sorghum and human microbiota should be studied.
•Thermochemical conversion of biomass residues.•Bioenergy.•Kinetic study of biomass.•Solid biofuel.
This work aimed to study the kinetic of thermal degradation of red pepper waste as solid biofuel to ...bioenergy production. The thermal degradation experiments were conducted at three heating rates, 5°C/min, 7.5°C/min and 10°C/min in a thermogravimetric analyzer and oxidative atmosphere. The kinetic analysis was carried out applying the isoconversional model of Ozawa–Flynn–Wall. The activation energy was considerate low and varied 29.49–147.25kJ/mol. The enthalpies revealed the energy difference between the reagent and the activated complex agreed with activation energies, the values of the pre-exponential factor indicated empirical first order reactions, Gibbs free energy varied from 71.77kJ/mol to 207.03kJ/mol and the changes of entropies had negative values, indicating that the degree of disorder of products formed through bond dissociations was lower than initial reactants. The calorific value was 19.5MJ/kg, considered a relevant result for bioenergy production.
Este estudo analisou as açöes realizadas por Unidades de Alimentaçâo e Nutriçâo - UAN hospitalares para a promoçâo da sustentabilidade ambiental. Participaram do estudo quatro das seis UANs de ...hospitais do município de Governador Valadares-MG. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando questionário online composto por 73 questöes estruturadas sobre práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental na UAN. As açöes estruturais menos prevalentes nos estabelecimentos foram as relacionadas a energia e iluminaçâo (25%), e ventilaçâo (38%). Aproximadamente, 93% das açöes durante o planejamento de cardápio eram realizadas pelos estabelecimentos, porém 25% dos estabelecimentos nâo possuíam fichas técnicas de preparaçâo. Apenas 35% das açöes eram realizadas pelas unidades durante a aquisiçâo e o armazenamento de insumos, sendo que nenhuma utilizava alimentos da agricultura familiar ou alimentos orgánicos. Durante o preparo, a distribuiçâo e o consumo das refeiçöes, 75,0% das açöes realizadas se relacionaram ao aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. O controle de temperatura durante a distribuiçâo de refeiçöes foi a açâo menos prevalente (50%). As unidades realizavam, em média, 93,8% das açöes relacionadas aos procedimentos de higienizaçâo. Em relaçâo a geraçâo, coleta, armazenamento e destinaçâo de residuos, em média, 50% das açöes eram adotadas nas UANs. Conclui-se que as UANs hospitalares de Governador Valadares-MG adotam medidas para a promoçâo da sustentabilidade ambiental, porém estas devem ser intensificadas, especialmente as relacionadas a capacitaçâo da equipe, estrutura física, aquisiçâo e recepçâo de insumos, e gestâo de resíduos.
Nowadays, global warming is mainly caused by increase in CO
2
concentration in the environment; to mitigate this problem, an attractive strategy for efficient CO
2
emission reduction was applied: ...carbon capture. Therefore, this work had as main objective to measure the capture of CO
2
, through two carbonaceous materials produced from sugar cane bagasse; this biochar was activated chemically with KOH, by two different processes: the impregnated biochar (CA-1) was taken to pyrolysis process at 350 °C and another sugarcane bagasse sample was also impregnated, but directly in dry biomass (CA-2), obtaining two carbonaceous material (CA-1 and CA-2), respectively. The prepared carbons were characterized by thermal analysis with heating rate of 10 °C min
−1
in N
2
atmosphere, showing two main stages: the first one close to 150 °C for biochar samples and the second one in the range of 150–600 °C for the same biochar samples, X-ray diffraction (XRD, peaks at 2θ = 28.41°; 40.50°; 44.52°; 50.29° and 58.61° for CA-1 and 2θ = 28.27°; 40.45°; 44.60°; 50.15° and 58.63° for CA-2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, showing peaks at 3675, 2926, 1559, 1364, 1026 and 916 cm
−1
for the biochar samples). CO
2
capture was performed by thermogravimetric running test. The samples showed similar physico-chemical characteristics, but the CA-2 sample showed better adsorption performance (1.22 mmol CO
2
g
−1
). Heat treatment in an inert atmosphere and chemical activation of biomass are recommended for obtaining carbonaceous material for use in carbon dioxide adsorption processes.
O programa de monitoria busca despertar no acadêmico o interesse pela carreira docente e ampliar o conhecimento crítico/científico dos monitores. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência nas ...atividades de monitoria acadêmica voluntária realizada na disciplina de Prótese Dentária II do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Evangélica de Goias - UniEVANGÉLICA. As atividades de monitoria foram realizadas durante o período de 6 meses em uma turma de 77 acadêmicos, cujo objetivo era auxíliar nas aulas teóricas e práticas, auxílio no processo de identificação de baixo rendimento acadêmico e desenvolvimento de plantões de dúvidas. Como resultado, observou-se a maior interação dos acadêmicos com os docentes e discentes monitores, melhor desempenho acadêmico e auxílio na aprendizagem dos mesmos, bem como, o aperfeiçoamento e experiência do próprio monitor.
The alarming increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, mainly due to human emissions, represents a significant threat to life. In this context, carbon capture and ...storage (CCS) technologies have emerged as promising solutions, such as adsorption on carbonaceous materials, standing out as a prominent approach. This study aims to quantify the maximum CO2 capture in the laboratory scale using functionalized activated carbon by passion fruit peel biomass (FACPFP) and to develop a simple and improved machine learning model to predict the capture of this greenhouse gas. FACPFP was successfully prepared through chemical activation with K2C2O4 and doping with ethylenediamine (EDA) at 700 °C and 1 h. The samples were thoroughly characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CO2 sorption was assessed using functional density theory (DFT). For predictive model, multiple linear regression with cross-validation was used. Under CO2 atmosphere conditions, the textural parameters allowed to see the probable presence of ultra-micropores, the BET surface area, the total pore and micropore volume were 105 m²/g, 0.03 cm³ /g and 0.06 cm³ /g, respectively. The maximum CO2 adsorption capacity in the FACPFP reached about 2.2 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar. The predictive model demonstrated an improvement of CO2 adsorption precision, raising it from 53% to 61% with cross-validation. This study also aims to stimulate future investigations in the area of CO2 capture, due to the extreme relevance of this topic.
•Activation and functionalization processes reached an improvement in CO2 capture.•CO2 capture for activated and functionalized passion fruit peel carbon is 2.2 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar.•53% precision of Machine Learning model performance.•Improved machine learning model performance with cross-validation: 61%.
•Sorghum may be used as a potential functional food for managing obesity.•Extruded sorghum flour presented potent anti-obesity activities.•Sorghum regulated lipogenic genes such as FAS, PPAR-γ, and ...LPL.
The aim was to determine the effect of extruded sorghum flour (ESF) on the adiposity and inflammation modulation in obese Wistar rats. Four experimental groups: normal control (AIN-93), obese control (HFD) and two tested groups (replacing 50% of cellulose and 100% of cornstarch by ESF in the HFD - HFDS50; and replacing 100% of cellulose and 100% of cornstarch by ESF in the HFD - HFDS100) were used. The luteolinidin and 5-methoxy-luteliolinidin were the main deoxyanthocianidins identified in ESF. The Lee index, percentage of adiposity, fatty acid synthase gene expression, TNF-α, blood levels of glucose and the adipocyte hypertrophy were lower in the groups treated with ESF when compared to HFD. The groups treated with ESF up-regulated the lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ gene expression and IL-10. ESF has potential as a functional food since it reduced the metabolic risk of obesity associated with adiposity and inflammation.
It is known that the use of fossil fuels is still necessary for the global supply of energy. Various sources are used, such as mineral coal, which has several advantages like great abundance, ...different geographical distribution and low cost. Mineral coal is an efficient fuel in terms of energy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the employability of Brazilian green petroleum coke as a possible substitute for mineral coal in the generation of thernal energy. Several characterization and analytical identification tests were performed for both solid fuels, obtaining favorable results for green petroleum coke. Parameters such as high calorific value (13% higher), high fixed carbon content (16.5% higher), low ash content (0.35% for coke and 7.5% for coal), lower volatiles content (38.5% lower) and humidity (0.49% for coke and 1.59% for coal) are the main facilitators in the energy generation process corroborating the favorable characteristics of applicability of green petroleum coke as fuel.
The study of biomass is extremely important, aiming to discover the potential of alternative source that are capable of promoting the development of new technologies. The thermal behavior and ...chemical characteristics of the
Capsicum
waste from the use for the manufacture of sauces and condiments were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, higher heating values, ignition (
T
i
) and burnout temperatures (
T
b
) and kinetic study using isoconversional models. Torrefaction and pyrolysis conditions were applied. Characterization based on ultimate and proximate analysis, gravimetric and gravimetric yield factor were also realized. Thermal analysis showed a biomass conversion between 150 °C and 500 °C. Proximate analysis identified an average volatile content of 46.5%, and carbon and fixed carbon were 22.3 and 31.1%, respectively. Gravimetric yield varied between 28 and 58%. Considering the intersection model, ignition and burnout temperature varied between 342–354 °C and 470–503 °C, respectively. The deviation model found an ignition temperature between 210 and 249 °C. Biomass proved to be a possible source of biofuel with a significant economic potential.
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