To achieve a successful increase in the plug-in battery electric vehicle (BEV) market, it is anticipated that a significant improvement in battery performance is required to increase the range that ...BEVs can travel and the rate at which they can be recharged. While the range that BEVs can travel on a single recharge is improving, the recharge rate is still much slower than the refueling rate of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. To achieve comparable recharge times, we explore the vehicle considerations of charge rates of at least 400 kW. Faster recharge is expected to significantly mitigate the perceived deficiencies for long-distance transportation, to provide alternative charging in densely populated areas where overnight charging at home may not be possible, and to reduce range anxiety for travel within a city when unplanned charging may be required. This substantial increase in charging rate is expected to create technical issues in the design of the battery system and the vehicle's electrical architecture that must be resolved. This work focuses on vehicle system design and total recharge time to meet the goals of implementing improved charge rates and the impacts of these expected increases on system voltage and vehicle components.
•BEV refueling time requires 4–6 C-rate charging and large battery capacities.•Peak charge rate less important than average rate for 150–200 mile range recharge.•XFC significantly impacts BEV voltage design, which may impact other EVs.•BEV-charging infrastructure coordination must provide consistent charge experience.
This conceptual framework for the effects of traumatic experiences addresses what makes an experience traumatic, what psychological responses are expected following such events, and why symptoms ...persist after the traumatic experience is over. Three elements are considered necessary for an event to be traumatizing: The event must be experienced as extremely negative, uncontrollable, and sudden. The initial core responses to trauma include reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms that occur across four modes of experience. Explanations of how each response is theoretically linked to traumatic events are offered to clarify how the responses reflect the natural human response to uncontrollable, negative, and sudden events. The framework delineates the behavioral learning and cognitive processes that elucidate the persistence of the initial response to trauma. Five factors are proposed that influence the response to trauma, including biological factors, developmental level at the time of trauma, severity of the stressor, social context, and prior and subsequent life events. Finally, secondary and associated responses to trauma are discussed that are common across many types of traumatic experience. These include depression, aggression, substance abuse, physical illnesses, low self-esteem, identity confusion, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and guilt and shame.
Selenoprotein Gene Nomenclature Gladyshev, Vadim N.; Arnér, Elias S.; Berry, Marla J. ...
The Journal of biological chemistry,
11/2016, Letnik:
291, Številka:
46
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
The human genome contains 25 genes coding for selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins). These proteins are involved in a variety of functions, most notably redox homeostasis. Selenoprotein ...enzymes with known functions are designated according to these functions: TXNRD1, TXNRD2, and TXNRD3 (thioredoxin reductases), GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, and GPX6 (glutathione peroxidases), DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3 (iodothyronine deiodinases), MSRB1 (methionine sulfoxide reductase B1), and SEPHS2 (selenophosphate synthetase 2). Selenoproteins without known functions have traditionally been denoted by SEL or SEP symbols. However, these symbols are sometimes ambiguous and conflict with the approved nomenclature for several other genes. Therefore, there is a need to implement a rational and coherent nomenclature system for selenoprotein-encoding genes. Our solution is to use the root symbol SELENO followed by a letter. This nomenclature applies to SELENOF (selenoprotein F, the 15-kDa selenoprotein, SEP15), SELENOH (selenoprotein H, SELH, C11orf31), SELENOI (selenoprotein I, SELI, EPT1), SELENOK (selenoprotein K, SELK), SELENOM (selenoprotein M, SELM), SELENON (selenoprotein N, SEPN1, SELN), SELENOO (selenoprotein O, SELO), SELENOP (selenoprotein P, SeP, SEPP1, SELP), SELENOS (selenoprotein S, SELS, SEPS1, VIMP), SELENOT (selenoprotein T, SELT), SELENOV (selenoprotein V, SELV), and SELENOW (selenoprotein W, SELW, SEPW1). This system, approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, also resolves conflicting, missing, and ambiguous designations for selenoprotein genes and is applicable to selenoproteins across vertebrates.
The deexcitation of the primary hot fragments, produced in the breakup of an excited nuclear source, during their propagation under the influence of their mutual Coulomb repulsion is studied in the ...framework of a recently developed hybrid model. The latter is based on the Statistical Mul- tifragmentation Model (SMM), describing the prompt breakup of the source, whereas the particle emission from the hot fragments, that decay while traveling away from each other, is treated by the Weisskopf-Ewing evaporation model. Since this treatment provides an event by event descrip- tion of the process, in which the classical trajectories of the fragments are followed using molecular dynamics techniques, it allows one to study observables such as two-particle correlations and infer the extent to which the corresponding observables may provide information on the multifragment production mechanisms. Our results suggest that the framework on which these treatments are based may be considerably constrained by such analyses. Furthermore, they imply that information obtained from these model calculations may provide feedback to the theory of nuclear interferome- try. We also found that neutron deficient fragments should hold information more closely related to the breakup region than neutron rich ones, as they are produced in much earlier stages of the post breakup dynamics than the latter.
A linear operator is defined which acts on an analytic function in the open unit disk by forming its Hadamard product with an incomplete beta function. The operator is shown to be convenient in ...discussing starlike, convex, and prestarlike functions. It is applied to the study of certain classes of hypergeometric functions which constitute dense subsets in the classes of starlike functions of order $\alpha $, convex functions of order $\alpha $, and prestarlike functions of order $\alpha $. Integral representations of the functions in these classes are obtained from the integral representation of the starlike functions of order $\alpha $.
Reports an error in "Dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Part I: Definitions and Review of Research" by Eve B. Carlson, Constance Dalenberg and Elizabeth McDade-Montez ( Psychological ...Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Advanced Online Publication, Apr 30, 2012, np). There was an error in the section, “Question 6: Does the Presence of High Dissociation Raise the Probability of the Presence of PTSD Symptoms at High Levels of Severity?” The paragraph that began, “Three studies that have investigated the possibility. . .” has been replaced with a paragraph that begins, “One study that is more relevant to the question. . .” All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2012-10976-001.) Since Janet wrote about dissociation in the early 1900s, the relationship between traumatic stress and dissociation has been discussed and debated in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. In the last 25 years, research has been conducted that allows empirical examination of this relationship and the question of how dissociative symptoms are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After defining the types of dissociative experiences that are considered most relevant to PTSD, we present a comprehensive and systematic review of research addressing the relationship between dissociation and traumatic stress; the rise in dissociation after traumatic stress and its subsequent decline over time; the relationship between dissociation and symptoms of PTSD in nonclinical, clinical, and PTSD samples; the conditional probability of high PTSD symptoms when dissociation level is high; the relationships among dissociation and re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD; and biological studies of dissociation in PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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