In this examination of the transformations that modernization has brought or is bringing to political, economic, and cultural systems, emphasis is given to the consequences of these transformations ...for human potential in the modern age. An introductory section defining "modernism" is followed by sections devoted to nationalism and democratization. Seen as characteristic of the modernization process, nationalism and democratization are held responsible not only for political changes, but also for changed conceptions of human potential. Attention is then given to specific types of political systems in existence today. Four fundamental political issues--order, liberty, equality, and affluence are analyzed and closely related to aspects of human potential. Because political systems in transitional countries face fundamentally different situations with regard to these political questions than political systems in developed countries, specific types of systems are identified according to their approach to these issues. Next, in an examination of the international political system, the paper provides a general analysis of how modernization has transformed the international system. Changes in the function of culture are then discussed and related to changes in the nature of thinking necessary for participation in modern societies. The final chapter offers a summary of the relationship between human potential and these transformations and analyzes the difficulties of going "beyond modernism." (LH)
The future of scientific workflows Deelman, Ewa; Peterka, Tom; Altintas, Ilkay ...
International journal of high performance computing applications/The international journal of high performance computing applications,
01/2018, Letnik:
32, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Today’s computational, experimental, and observational sciences rely on computations that involve many related tasks. The success of a scientific mission often hinges on the computer automation of ...these workflows. In April 2015, the US Department of Energy (DOE) invited a diverse group of domain and computer scientists from national laboratories supported by the Office of Science, the National Nuclear Security Administration, from industry, and from academia to review the workflow requirements of DOE’s science and national security missions, to assess the current state of the art in science workflows, to understand the impact of emerging extreme-scale computing systems on those workflows, and to develop requirements for automated workflow management in future and existing environments. This article is a summary of the opinions of over 50 leading researchers attending this workshop. We highlight use cases, computing systems, workflow needs and conclude by summarizing the remaining challenges this community sees that inhibit large-scale scientific workflows from becoming a mainstream tool for extreme-scale science.
The future of scientific workflows Deelman, Ewa; Peterka, Tom; Altintas, Ilkay ...
The international journal of high performance computing applications,
04/2017, Letnik:
32, Številka:
1
Journal Article
This volume brings together expert contributors to explore the intersection of two major contemporary themes: globalization, and the contribution that both domestic party politics and international ...party support make to democratization.
Globalising Democracy clearly shows what globalization means for domestic and international efforts to build effective political parties and competitive party systems in new and emerging democracies. Contrasting perspectives are presented through fresh case studies of European post-communist countries, Africa and Turkey. The reader is clearly shown how international party assistance is a manifestation and vehicle of globalization, and explores how it may be assessed in terms of:
global economic integration
the growth of global communications
the development and implications for party politics of multi-level governance.
This is the first book to analyze the impact of globalization on democracy and will be of great interest to all students of international relations, governance and politics.
A multilayer, multichip module (MCM) router, called MCG, is introduced for x-y routing. An efficient method has been derived to allow candidate routes for the nets to be considered simultaneously for ...compatibility rather than incrementally extending routes or routing one net at a time as in many other techniques. This allows incorporation of accurate models for determining the potential for crosstalk problems during the routing process. MCG incorporates a crosstalk avoidance procedure which facilitates correct-by-design routing in systems susceptible to noise problems. In comparisons with other routers on industrial benchmarks, the MCG router has shown substantial improvement in routing density, number of layers, number of vias, and total interconnect length over routers such as V4R and SLICE. Our test results show up to 18% improvement in via count and up to 33% improvement in the required number of routing layers for these examples over V4R. One of the benchmarks presented contains 37 VHSIC gate arrays, over 7000 nets, and over 14000 pins (pads). Routing at finer pitches with crosstalk avoidance shows a further improvement in interconnect density.
This paper presents the new Flexible Hypercube architecture. The Flexible Hypercube is a fault-tolerant network topology that can be constructed for an arbitrary number of nodes and is incrementally ...expandable. This topology maintains the strong features of the Hypercube while overcoming deficiencies in expandability. It is shown to have strong node connectivity, a small diameter, and to be tolerant of faults. The Flexible Hypercube is a suitable architecture for the design of both tightly coupled parallel systems and distributed systems. Efficient fault-free and fault-tolerant algorithms for message routing and broadcasting are presented for the architecture. The fault-free algorithm guarantees successful routing inO(logN) time, whereNis the number of nodes in the system, and the fault-tolerant algorithm guarantees routing to functioning nodes if a route exists. The fault-free and fault-tolerant broadcasting algorithms have time complexityO(logN), and the fault-tolerant algorithm guarantees success if no two faulty nodes are adjacent and no functioning node is adjacent to two faults.
A fast method of crosstalk noise avoidance for correct-by-design MCM routing is discussed. During substrate routing, coupled noise in nets is calculated and noise amplitudes exceeding coupled noise ...budgets are corrected as part of the routing process. This represents an improvement over the heuristic noise reduction methods employed by some MCM routers and geometrical wiring rules generated by detailed simulation used by others. Lookup tables of coupling data are used in conjunction with closed-form equations in order to obtain noise estimates quickly. The method is applicable to a wide variety of MCM technologies without alteration, since the noise estimation is based only on interconnect geometry and the dielectric constant of the medium. The correctness of the noise estimation has been verified using a transmission line simulator and the effect of the procedure on the routing density achieved by an MCM autorouter has been investigated.
A new multilayer multichip module router, MCG, based on a global approach that allows the incorporation of electrical, power, and delay constraints is described. In comparisons with other routers ...such as V4R and SLICE, the MCG router has shown substantial improvement in routing density, number of layers, number of vias, and total interconnect length on industrial benchmarks. In addition, it is one of the first routing tools that efficiently incorporates sophisticated noise models during the routing process. Prior techniques have primarily relied upon post-routing analysis followed by rip-up and re-route or have employed simplistic models during routing. These two approaches tend to result in significant re-design and thus delay the prototyping process or result in overly conservative designs. The approach presented here overcomes these deficiencies while providing higher quality routing solutions. In addition, it has been shown that this routing approach is applicable to high-density printed circuit board routing and has been successfully adopted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for a board that will be launched by NASA in 1996 as part of the Pathfinder mission. This mission will place an autonomous vehicle on Mars.
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