A novel transconductor based on the source degeneration technique is introduced. The proposed solution includes self-cascode transistors as input devices, additionally employing their bulk terminal ...to increase the linearity. Input transconductance characteristics are improved as compared with conventional topologies without considerably increasing power consumption and die area. The circuit was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology to operate with a 1.8 V single supply voltage. Experimental results showed a linearity improvement of 20 dB for an input signal of 0.2 V at 100 kHz.
Objetivo: comparar las características de laboratorio y la respuesta al tratamiento en una cohorte de pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita no clásica seguidas durante 12 meses.
Métodos: se ...realizó un estudio en una cohorte final de 38 pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal no clásica evaluadas entre enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2016 y que tuvieron seguimiento a 1 año. Las características de la población de estudio y la respuesta de 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17-OH progesterona), testosterona y dehidroepiandrosterona sulfato (DHEA-S) se informan a los 6 y 12 meses después del tratamiento con dexametasona y etinilestradiol/acetato de ciproterona. Se realizó una regresión lineal múltiple para explicar el cambio de las variables de resultado (17- OH progesterona, testosterona y DHEA-S), ajustado de acuerdo con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la edad como covariables.
Resultados: la edad promedio de los participantes fue de 25 años, el IMC promedio fue de 28,3 kg/m2. Las características clínicas más prevalentes fueron el acné (52,6 %) y la oligomenorrea (55 %). El hirsutismo se presentó en todos los casos en algún grado (moderado: 31,6 % y grave: 39,5 %, según la escala de Ferriman y Gallwey). El cambio en los niveles de cada una de las hormonas evidenció una disminución significativa de la mediana del rango intercuartílico de 17-OH progesterona, testosterona y DHEA-S, a los 6 y 12 meses (p < 0,05). En la regresión lineal múltiple, los niveles de testosterona presentaron una variación de acuerdo con el IMC (p = 0,04). En el presente estudio, la terapia farmacológica con dexametasona se aplicó a diferentes dosis y todas las pacientes recibieron anticonceptivos con una respuesta clínica y paraclínica adecuada al año de seguimiento.
Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la combinación de etinilestradiol más acetato de ciproterona con dosis variables de dexametasona disminuye el perfil androgénico en las pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal no clásica seguidas durante un año.
Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages
, which makes larvae central to most scenarios of animal evolution
. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here ...we show that temporal shifts (that is, heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. We performed chromosome-scale genome sequencing in the annelid Owenia fusiformis with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles of this and two other annelids. We found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O. fusiformis but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the direct developing embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anterior domain that forms larval tissues and the adult head
. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called 'head larvae' of other bilaterians
, with which the O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporal decoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in head larvae, facilitated larval evolution in Bilateria. This diverges from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option
or innovation
of gene regulatory programmes to explain larva and adult origins.
In habitats with more predators, a species is expected to breed in safer sites and be less successful than in predator-impoverished habitats. We tested this hypothesis by studying nest-habitat ...selection and nest predation in two populations of Trumpeter finch (
Bucanetes githagineus). One breeds in a predator-rich habitat (Tabernas, Iberian Peninsula), and the other is found on an island with fewer predators (La Oliva, Canary Islands). In both localities, we studied the features of nests in two different substrates, on the ground and in cliffs, including visibility and position in the cliff. We measured the habitat characteristics in a series of plots around the ground nests and compared them to random points. We also studied the influence of nest features and habitat selection on predation of both nest types. Trumpeter finches built more nests in cliffs in Tabernas, probably because there are more cliffs available there. In this locality, the patches selected for ground nesting had below-average vegetation cover, lower vegetation height, and were on steeper slopes. In La Oliva, they selected above-average vegetation height and steeper slopes. Cliff nests were less predated than ground nests in La Oliva, but not in Tabernas. The only variable that affected survival rates in Tabernas was the height of vegetation around ground nests, with nests in lower vegetation having higher survival rates. These results suggest that locality-related differences in habitat selection by vegetation height could be related to the different predator assemblages present in any given area, though we cannot rule out confounding influences of other differences between the two sites.
Osteoarticular pathologies very often require an implementation therapy to favor regeneration processes of bone, cartilage and/or tendons. Clinical approaches performed on osteoarticular ...complications in dogs constitute an ideal model for human clinical translational applications. The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have already been used to accelerate and facilitate the regenerative process. ASCs can be maintained in vitro and they can be differentiated to osteocytes or chondrocytes offering a good tool for cell replacement therapies in human and veterinary medicine. Although ACSs can be easily obtained from adipose tissue, the amplification process is usually performed by a time consuming process of successive passages. In this work, we use canine ASCs obtained by using a Bioreactor device under GMP cell culture conditions that produces a minimum of 30 million cells within 2 weeks. This method provides a rapid and aseptic method for production of sufficient stem cells with potential further use in clinical applications. We show that plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) treatment positively contributes to viability and proliferation of canine ASCs into caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester (CLMA) scaffolds. This biomaterial does not need additional modifications for cASCs attachment and proliferation. Here we propose a framework based on a combination of approaches that may contribute to increase the therapeutical capability of stem cells by the use of PRGF and compatible biomaterials for bone and connective tissue regeneration.
Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in 72.7 per cent of cases, followed by early satiety in 18.2 per cent and weight loss in 15.2 per cent; other referred symptoms include jaundice, fever, ...nausea or vomiting, and bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Considering the short-term complications, defined as complications within the first 30 postoperative days, the most frequently observed scenario was intra-abdominal sepsis in eight patients (24.2%); however, other complications include delay in gastric emptying, infection of the surgical wound, and pancreatic fistula, of the latter, no case required surgical treatment and one case was associated with abdominal sepsis; regarding longterm complications, the development of diabetes mellitus was the complication most frequently observed in 27.3 per cent of patients followed by intestinal malabsorption in 21.2 per cent. Complete surgical resection is currently the treatment of choice for SPN, and pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatic resections are the most used procedures, in our institute they represent more than 50 per cent of surgeries performed, procedures associated with long-term complications, mainly the development of diabetes mellitus and intestinal malabsorption.
Trace eyeblink classical conditioning was assessed in patients with bilateral medial-temporal amnesia and matched control participants who had previously shown equivalent delay eyeblink conditioning ...(
J. D. E. Gabrieli et al., 1995
).
The silent trace interval varied for durations of 500, 750, or 1,000 ms in successive sessions separated by at least 2 weeks; extinction trials followed each session. Patients with amnesia produced significantly fewer conditioned responses (CRs) than did control participants at all trace intervals. Both groups produced fewer CRs as the trace interval lengthened. Thus, the temporal lobe memory system in humans makes an essential contribution to normal acquisition in trace, but not delay, classical eyeblink conditioning.
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