This article proposes a fully distributed energy management algorithm for dc microgrids, resilient to different faults. Specifically, we employ distributed model-predictive control to deal with the ...uncertainty that characterizes the microgrid operation. The optimization problem is solved at each time step through a distributed optimization algorithm, which has three main advantages: 1) agents of the network require a small computational power; 2) local information is not shared among the network nodes, hence preserving a certain level of privacy; and 3) it is suitable for implementation in large-scale systems. The resilience property of the algorithm stems from additional constraints that are enforced in order to store in the system enough energy to sustain the microgrid in the case of utility grid or line fault. Simulation results show that the algorithm is suitable to schedule the operation of agents that are always connected to the microgrid (e.g., loads) as well as agents that may be connected and disconnected (e.g., electric vehicles).
The GALAH plus survey Buder, Sven; Sharma, Sanjib; Kos, Janez ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
09/2021, Letnik:
506, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the Milky Way. With ...this third data release of the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, we publish 678 423 spectra for 588 571 mostly nearby stars (81.2 per cent of stars are within <2 kpc), observed with the HERMES spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. This release (hereafter GALAH+ DR3) includes all observations from GALAH Phase 1 (bright, main, and faint survey, 70 per cent), K2-HERMES (17 per cent), TESS-HERMES (5 per cent), and a subset of ancillary observations (8 per cent) including the bulge and >75 stellar clusters. We derive stellar parameters T-eff, logg, Fe/H, v(mic), v(broad), and v(rad) using our modified version of the spectrum synthesis code Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) and 1D MARCS model atmospheres. We break spectroscopic degeneracies in our spectrum analysis with astrometry from Gaia DR2 and photometry from 2MASS. We report abundance ratios X/Fe for 30 different elements (11 of which are based on non-LTE computations) covering five nucleosynthetic pathways. We describe validations for accuracy and precision, flagging of peculiar stars/measurements and recommendations for using our results. Our catalogue comprises 65 per cent dwarfs, 34 per cent giants, and 1 per cent other/unclassified stars. Based on unflagged chemical composition and age, we find 62 per cent young low-alpha, 9 per cent young high-alpha, 27 per cent old high-alpha, and 2 per cent stars with Fe/H <= -1. Based on kinematics, 4 per cent are halo stars. Several Value-Added-Catalogues, including stellar ages and dynamics, updated after Gaia eDR3, accompany this release and allow chrono-chemodynamic analyses, as we showcase.
Author Response Casagrande, Sarah Stark
American journal of preventive medicine,
2014, January 2014, 2014-Jan, 2014-1-00, 20140101, Letnik:
46, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Previous research indicates that few Americans meet the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption, and that adequate fruit and vegetable ...consumption may decrease the risk for chronic disease.
Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from NHANES III, 1988-1994 (n=14,997) and NHANES 1999-2002 (n=8910) were used to assess adult (equal to or more than 18 years) trends in daily fruit and vegetable consumption (number of servings and types).
In 1988-1994, an estimated 27% of adults met the USDA guidelines for fruit (equal to or more than two servings) and 35% met the guidelines for vegetables (equal to or more than three servings). In 1999-2002, 28% and 32% of adults met fruit and vegetable guidelines, respectively. There was a significant decrease in vegetable consumption over time (p=0.026). Only 11% met USDA guidelines for both fruits and vegetables in 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, indicating no change in consumption (p=0.963). In both data sets, non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to meet USDA guidelines compared to non-Hispanic whites (p<0.05). Higher income and greater education were significantly associated with meeting the guidelines in both data sets (p<0.05).
Despite the initiation of a national fruit and vegetable campaign in 1991, the findings indicated that Americans' fruit and vegetable consumption did not increase in 1999-2002, and only a small proportion met the related dietary recommendations. Greater public health efforts and approaches are needed to promote healthy eating in the United States.
The GALAH Survey: second data release Buder, Sven; Asplund, Martin; Duong, Ly ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
08/2018, Letnik:
478, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT
The Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey is a large-scale stellar spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way, designed to deliver complementary chemical information to a large number ...of stars covered by the Gaia mission. We present the GALAH second public data release (GALAH DR2) containing 342 682 stars. For these stars, the GALAH collaboration provides stellar parameters and abundances for up to 23 elements to the community. Here we present the target selection, observation, data reduction, and detailed explanation of how the spectra were analysed to estimate stellar parameters and element abundances. For the stellar analysis, we have used a multistep approach. We use the physics-driven spectrum synthesis of Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) to derive stellar labels (Teff, log g, Fe/H, X/Fe, vmic, vsin i, $A_{K_S}$) for a representative training set of stars. This information is then propagated to the whole sample with the data-driven method of The Cannon. Special care has been exercised in the spectral synthesis to only consider spectral lines that have reliable atomic input data and are little affected by blending lines. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are considered for several key elements, including Li, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe, using 1D marcs stellar atmosphere models. Validation tests including repeat observations, Gaia benchmark stars, open and globular clusters, and K2 asteroseismic targets lend confidence to our methods and results. Combining the GALAH DR2 catalogue with the kinematic information from Gaia will enable a wide range of Galactic Archaeology studies, with unprecedented detail, dimensionality, and scope.
The ADA recommends that people with diabetes (PWD) consume a high-quality diet to achieve diabetes treatment goals, however, food insecurity may prevent consumption of a high-quality diet. ...Cross-sectional, national data from 2,351 participants aged ≥20 years with self-reported diabetes that completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2013-2018 were analyzed. Diet quality was assessed using quartiles of the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR, 95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression models to determine the association between individual food insecurity/diet quality and A1c, blood pressure (BP) , and cholesterol control (ABCs) while controlling for sociodemographics, health care utilization, smoking, diabetes, BP, and cholesterol medication use, and BMI. Overall, 17.6% of PWD were food insecure/low diet quality; 14.2% were food insecure/high diet quality; 33.1% were food secure/low diet quality; and 35.2% were food secure/high diet quality. PWD who were food insecure/low diet quality were younger, non-Hispanic black race or Hispanic ethnicity, and uninsured vs. those who were food secure/high diet quality (all p<0.001) . In comparison with PWD with full food security/high diet quality, those with food insecurity/low diet quality were significantly more likely to have A1c ≥7.0% (aOR=1.84, 1.23-2.76) , A1c ≥8.0% (aOR=1.76, 1.02-3.02) , low HDL (aOR=1.70, 1.24-2.33) , and high triglycerides (aOR=3.13, 1.71-5.71) ; food insecurity/high diet quality was significantly associated with A1c ≥7.0% (aOR=1.69, 1.14-2.51) , A1c ≥8.0% (aOR=1.83,1.12-2.98) and high triglycerides (aOR=2.44, 1.15-5.16) ; and food security/low diet quality with A1c≥7% (aOR=1.55, 1.07-2.24) . Both food insecurity and low diet quality are associated with both poor glycemic and lipid management. Screening for and interventions that address food insecurity and diet quality may help support PWD in their diabetes management.
Disclosure
S.Casagrande: None. K.M.Bullard: None. K.R.Siegel: None. J.M.Lawrence: None.
Funding
National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (GS-10F-0381L)
Background Early detection of type 2 diabetes has the potential to prevent complications, but the prevalence of opportunistic screening is unknown. Purpose To describe the prevalence of diabetes ...screening by demographic and diabetes-related factors and to determine predictors of screening among a representative U.S. population without self-reported diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( n =15,125) and 2006 National Health Interview Survey ( n =21,519). Participants were aged ≥20 years and self-reported having a diabetes screening test in the past 3 years. Diabetes screening prevalence was analyzed according to risk factors recommended by the American Diabetes Association. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of diabetes screening. Analysis was conducted in 2012–2013. Results The prevalence of having a blood test for diabetes in the past 3 years was 42.1% in 2005–2006, 41.6% in 2007–2008, and 46.8% in 2009–2010. This prevalence increased with age and was higher for women, non-Hispanic whites, and those with more education and income ( p <0.001 for all). BMI ≥25, age ≥45 years, having a relative with diabetes, hypertension, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥5.7%, and cardiovascular disease history were significant predictors of screening. For each additional risk factor, the likelihood of screening increased by 51%. Conclusions Nearly half of the adult population reported having a diabetes screening test. However, testing was less prevalent in minorities and those with lower socioeconomic status. Public health efforts to address these deficiencies in screening are needed.
Mycotoxins have been suggested to contribute to a spectrum of adverse health effects in humans, including at low concentrations. The recognition of these food contaminants being carcinogenic, as ...co-occurring rather than as singularly present, has emerged from recent research. The aim of this study was to assess the potential associations of single and multiple mycotoxin exposures with renal cell carcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
Food questionnaire data from the EPIC cohort were matched to mycotoxin food occurrence data compiled by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) from European Member States to assess long-term dietary mycotoxin exposures, and to associate these with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC,
= 911 cases) in 450,112 EPIC participants. Potential confounding factors were taken into account. Analyses were conducted using Cox's proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with mycotoxin exposures expressed as µg/kg body weight/day.
Demographic characteristics differed between the RCC cases and non-cases for body mass index, age, alcohol intake at recruitment, and other dietary factors. In addition, the mycotoxin exposure distributions showed that a large proportion of the EPIC population was exposed to some of the main mycotoxins present in European foods such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and derivatives, fumonisins,
toxins,
toxins, and total mycotoxins. Nevertheless, no statistically significant associations were observed between the studied mycotoxins and mycotoxin groups, and the risk of RCC development.
These results show an absence of statistically significant associations between long-term dietary mycotoxin exposures and RCC risk. However, these results need to be validated in other cohorts and preferably using repeated dietary exposure measurements. In addition, more occurrence data of, e.g., citrinin and fumonisins in different food commodities and countries in the EFSA database are a prerequisite to establish a greater degree of certainty.
•Non-Hispanic Asians had lower levels of adiposity compared to other race/ethnicities.•Non-Hispanic Asians had similar adjusted levels of hypertension and LDL cholesterol.•Body mass index levels in ...Asians can underestimate cardiometabolic disease risk.
Asians develop diabetes at lower levels of adiposity than people of other race/ethnicities. However, there is limited data investigating the health of US Asians with diabetes. We compared cardiovascular risk factors in US Asians to other race/ethnicities stratified by diabetes status.
Among 4645 adults in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional survey of the US population, odds ratios were calculated for obesity, hypertension, and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol associated with race/ethnicity after adjustment for age, sex, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and health insurance.
Overall and stratified by diabetes status, non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans were significantly more likely to be obese compared to non-Hispanic Asians after adjustment. Overall and stratified by diabetes status, adjusted levels of hypertension compared to non-Hispanic Asians was generally similar for non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans and generally more common among non-Hispanic blacks; among those with diagnosed diabetes, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.48 (0.79–2.77), 2.54 (1.49–4.30), and 1.38 (0.73–2.60) for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans, respectively. Overall and stratified by diabetes status, elevated LDL cholesterol levels were generally similar between non-Hispanic Asians and other race/ethnicities; among those with diagnosed diabetes, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.88 (0.32–2.43), 0.58 (0.24–1.42), and 1.15 (0.29–4.58) for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans, respectively.
Although non-Hispanic Asians had lower levels of adiposity compared to other race/ethnicities with diabetes, their adjusted levels of hypertension and LDL cholesterol were generally more comparable.
Purpose of Review
The purposes of this study were to describe how medication prices are established, to explain why antihyperglycemic medications have become so expensive, to show trends in ...expenditures for antihyperglycemic medications, and to highlight strategies to control expenditures in the USA.
Recent Findings
In the U.S., pharmaceutical manufacturers set the prices for new products. Between 2002 and 2012, expenditures for antihyperglycemic medications increased from $10 billion to $22 billion. This increase was primarily driven by expenditures for insulin which increased sixfold. The increase in insulin expenditures may be attributed to several factors: the shift from inexpensive beef and pork insulins to more expensive genetically engineered human insulins and insulin analogs, dramatic price increases for the available insulins, physician prescribing practices, policies that limit payers’ abilities to negotiate prices, and nontransparent negotiation of rebates and discounts.
Summary
The costs of antihyperglycemic medications, especially insulin, have become a barrier to diabetes treatment. While clinical interventions to shift physician prescribing practices towards lower cost drugs may provide some relief, we will ultimately need policy interventions such as more stringent requirements for patent exclusivity, greater transparency in medication pricing, greater opportunities for price negotiation, and outcomes-based pricing models to control the costs of antihyperglycemic medications.
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