Acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-AKI) is common in pediatrics. Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (uL-FABP) increases in some kidney diseases ...and may indicate CPB-AKI earlier than current methods. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential role of uL-FABP in the early diagnosis and prediction of CPB-AKI. Databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 12 November 2023, using the MeSH terms "Children", "CPB", "L-FABP", and "Acute Kidney Injury". Included papers were revised. AUC values from similar studies were pooled by meta-analysis, performed using random- and fixed-effect models, with
< 0.05. Of 508 studies assessed, nine were included, comprising 1658 children, of whom 561 (33.8%) developed CPB-AKI. Significantly higher uL-FABP levels in AKI versus non-AKI patients first manifested at baseline to 6 h post-CPB. At 6 h, uL-FABP correlated with CPB duration (r = 0.498,
= 0.036), postoperative serum creatinine (r = 0.567,
< 0.010), and length of hospital stay (r = 0.722,
< 0.0001). Importantly, uL-FABP at baseline (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.89, n = 365), 2 h (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90, n = 509), and 6 h (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72-0.80, n = 509) diagnosed CPB-AKI earlier. Hence, higher uL-FABP levels associate with worse clinical parameters and may diagnose and predict CPB-AKI earlier.
According to the World Health Organisation, as of October 2022, there have been 55,560,329 reported cases of SARS-COV-2 in patients under 19 years old. It is estimated that about 0.06% of these ...patients may develop MIS-C, representing more than 2 million children worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the pooled prevalence of cardiovascular manifestation and cardiac complications in children hospitalised with MIS-C. The PROSPERO register number is CRD42022327212. We included case-report studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies, as well as clinical trials or studies describing cardiac manifestations of MIS-C and its sequelae in a paediatric population. Initially, 285 studies were selected, but there were 154 duplicates, and 81 were excluded because they did not fit the eligibility criteria. Thus, 50 studies were selected for review, and 30 were included in the meta-analysis. A total sample size of 1445 children was included. The combined prevalence of myocarditis or pericarditis was 34.3% (95% CI: 25.0%-44.2%). The combined prevalence for echocardiogram anomalies was 40.8% (95% CI: 30.5%-51.5%), that of Kawasaki disease presentation was 14.8% (95% CI: 7.5%-23.7%), and that of coronary dilation was 15.2% (95% CI: 11.0%-19.8%). The rate of electrocardiogram anomalies was 5.3% (95% CI: 0.8%-12.3%), and the mortality rate was 0.5% (CI 95%: 0%-1.2%). Furthermore, 186 children still had complications at discharge, with a combined prevalence of such long-lasting manifestations of 9.3% (95% CI: 5.6%-13.7%). Studies that assess whether these children will have an increased cardiovascular risk with a greater chance of acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, or thrombosis will be essential for healthcare planning.
We have built a complete catalog of three-dimensional (3D) hypocenter locations of earthquakes recorded in Italy from 1981 to 2018. Our catalog includes more than 420,000 events relocated by ...inverting a newly integrated dataset of ∼5.0 million P and ∼ 3.5 million S wave arrival times recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network and other permanent seismological networks operating in Italy. Available magnitudes are associated with earthquake locations from the most recent datasets and bulletins of Italian seismicity. Earthquakes are located in an updated 3D tomographic model of Italy obtained by including the Moho discontinuity and the seismic velocities of the Ionian subduction zone. We used a probabilistic, non-linear earthquake location code which provides complete information of the hypocenter solution uncertainties. Quality estimators of earthquake locations are analyzed a posteriori with an original criterion for a quantitative classification of the results, allowing users to select seismic events belonging to consistent quality classes and giving a more controlled image of the Italian instrumental seismicity for tectonic and geodynamical studies. The resulting catalog gives a new, coherent view of the spatial and temporal distribution of Italian seismicity. By selecting well constrained located events we construct the new Italian Crustal Seismogenic Layer (CSL) with a good spatial resolution, allowing us to show a comparison between seismogenic thicknesses and Moho geometry distribution. We finally present some examples of seismicity distribution in selected areas of Italy at regional and local scale relating the relocated events of our catalog with available multidisciplinary information from geology, geochemistry, geodynamical models, and historical seismicity.
•About 420 k earthquakes from 1981 to 2018 are located in the Italian 3D velocity model•The CLASS catalog reveals detailed images of the four decades long seismicity in Italy•We present the new Italian Crustal Seismogenic Layer
Increasingly, science diaspora networks are managed by formal organizations such as embassies or non-profit organizations. Researchers have studied these networks to understand how they influence ...international collaborations and science diplomacy, and to determine which network activities foster those outcomes and which do not. In this perspective, we suggest that many of these network organizations confront an underappreciated conundrum for managing resources: organizations with few resources must learn how to obtain more resources despite lacking means to do so. To substantiate our suggestion, we do the following. We review exploratory results from a study of network organizations that indicate that these organizations generally lack resources, learn too little from each other, and struggle to overcome the resource conundrum. We also show that this conundrum is expected from organizational theory based on bounded rationality. To help organizations confront the issue, we do the following. First we provide a new database of operating science diaspora networks. We encourage managers of network organizations to use it as a resource to identify peers with whom to regularly exchange knowledge about securing resources. We also suggest that other scientific organizations should infuse network organizations with fresh resources. Ultimately, we urge all relevant stakeholders to recognize that the conundrum results not from the shortcomings of individual managers, but rather is a legitimate organizational phenomena that must be addressed by organizational design.
The thymus and parathyroid are derived bilaterally from the third pharyngeal pouches. The pouches are derived from the anterior endodermal gut tube at E9 in mouse development. At E11.5, the pouch is ...specified into two domains, with the dorsal region becoming parathyroid-fated and the ventral region becoming thymus-fated. The parathyroid domain expresses the marker Gcm2 and the thymus domain expresses the marker Foxn1. The transcription factor Tbx1, which is required for pouch outgrowth, restricts to the parathyroid domain at E10.5, in known to repress Foxn1 and may activate Gcm2. We do not know the direct mechanisms that regulate Tbx1. Using current data on the pouch and heart development, we provide two key candidates for the regulation of Tbx1. Foxa2 is a known Shh-activated activator of Tbx1 in the heart, and miR 17-92 is a known BMP4-mediated microRNA cluster that targets Tbx1 RNA for degradation in the heart. We leverage genetic tools such as genetic manipulation and Cre-loxp technology to elucidate the role Tbx1 in the pouch as well as identify the role of these two candidate regulators. Our research shows that miR 17-92 is a potential repressor of both Tbx1 and Gcm2 independently. We also show that Foxa2 is present in the pouch and colocalizes with the Tbx1 domain, and is potentially in a complex self-limiting loop with Tbx1 and Gcm2.
A list of 100 focal mechanism solutions that occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2019 has been compiled for earthquakes with magnitude
M
≥ 4.0. We define earthquake parameters for additional 22 ...seismic events with 3.0 ≤
M
< 4.0 for two specific key zones: Muccia, at the northern termination of the Amatrice–Visso–Norcia 2016–2018 central Italy seismic sequence, and Montecilfone (southern Italy) struck in 2018 by a deep, strike-slip Mw 5.1 earthquake apparently anomalous for the southern Apennines extensional belt. First-motion focal mechanism solutions are a good proxy for the initial rupture and they provide important additional information on the source mechanism. The catalog compiled in the present paper provides earthquake parameters for individual events of interest to contribute, as a valuable source of information, for further studies as seismotectonic investigations and stress distribution maps. We calculated the focal mechanisms using as a reference the phase pickings reported in the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI). We visually checked the reference picks to accurately revise manual first-motion polarities, or include new onsets when they are not present in the BSI dataset, for the selected earthquakes within the whole Italian region, with a separate focus on the Amatrice–Visso–Norcia seismic sequence area from August 24, 2016 to August 24, 2018. For the Montecilfone area, we combined the information on the geometry and kinematics of the source of the 2018 Mw 5.1 event obtained in this study with available subsurface and structural data on the Outer Apulia Carbonate Platform to improve understanding of this intriguing strike-slip sequence. Our analysis suggests that the Montecilfone earthquake ruptured a W–E trending strike-slip dextral fault. This structure is confined within the Apulia crystalline crust and it might represent the western prolongation of the Mattinata Fault–Apricena Fault active and seismogenic structures. The calculated focal mechanisms of the entire catalog are of good quality complementing important details on source mechanics from moment tensors and confirming the relevance of systematically including manually revised and more accurate polarity data within the BSI database.
The central Italy seismic sequence, started with the Mw = 6.0 Amatrice earthquake on August 24th 2016, is the first significant one after the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI) changed its analysis ...strategies in 2015. These new strategies consist on the release of the BSI every four months, the review of the events with ML ≥ 1.5 and the priority on the review of events with ML ≥ 3.5. Furthermore, in the last year we improved the bulletin tools and made possible the analysis of all the stations whose data are stored in the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). The new procedures and software utilities allowed, during the first month of 2016 emergency, to integrate, in the Bulletin, the temporary stations installed by the emergency group SISMIKO, both in real–time transmission and in stand-alone recording. In the early days of the sequence many of the BSI analysts were engaged in the monitoring room shifts, nevertheless at the end of August all events occurred in those days with ML ≥ 4 were analyzed; the largest event recovered and localized is a ML = 4.5 event immediately following the main shock. In September 2016, 83 events with ML ≥ 3.5 were analyzed and re-checked, the number of pickings greatly improved. The focal mechanism of the main shock was evaluated using first motion polarities, and compared with the available Time Domain Moment Tensors and Regional Centroid Moment Tensor. The first eight hours of the day on August 24th, the most critical for the INGV surveillance room, were carefully analyzed: the number of located events increased from 133 to 408. The magnitude of completeness, after the analysis of the BSI, has dropped significantly from about 3.5 to 2.7. The mainshock focal mechanism and the relative locations of the first 8 hours’ aftershocks give clues on the initial fault activation. The seismic sequence in November 2016 is still ongoing; it included a mainshock of Mw = 6.5 on October 30th and 3 events of magnitude greater than 5.0 one on August 24th and two on October 26th.
The Italian Accelerometic Archive (ITACA) was created in 2007 during a joint project between the Italian Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology (
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
, ...INGV) and the Italian Civil Protection (
Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
, DPC). The project, started in 2006, had the aim of filling the data gap of existing strong motion databases and facilitating strong motion data users in obtaining good quality waveforms, through the collection, homogenization and distribution of strong motion data acquired during the period 1972–2004 in Italy by different institutions (
Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica
, ENEL, Italian electricity company;
Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente
, ENEA, Italian energy and environment organization DPC). The compiled database contains 2,182 three-component waveforms generated by 1,008 earthquakes with a maximum moment magnitude of 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake) and can be accessed on-line at the portal denominated ITACA at the site
http://itaca.mi.ingv.it
, where a wide range of search tools enables the user to interactively retrieve events, recording stations and waveforms with particular characteristics, whose parameters can be specified, as needed, through user friendly interfaces. A range of display options allows users to view data in different contexts, extract and download time series and spectral data. This article describes the state of the art up to 2006 and the activities which led to the completion of the project.
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O presente trabalho é uma reflexão, a partir da noção de
Ricoeur (1997) de
que narrar é imprimir sentido, sobre a visualidade dos
jornais impressos ...e a
possível criação de uma narrativa gráfica diferenciada em
relação à textual. O
corpus utilizado é composto de páginas publicadas pelos
Jornais O Globo, O Dia
e Jornal do Brasil no período da Copa do Mundo da Alemanha
(entre 9 de junho e
10 de julho de 2006), privilegiando as capas dos cadernos
de esportes dos dias e
dos dias seguintes aos cinco jogos da Seleção Brasileira
na competição.
Base don the ideas of Ricoeur (1997), who stated that
narrating is a process
of conveying meaning, this dissertation studies newspaper
visuality in order to
investigate the possible existence of a graphic narrative
on newspaper pages
distinct from the textual narrative. Pages published by
Rio de Janeiro newspapers
O Globo, O Dia and Jornal do Brasil during the Fifa World
Cup 2006 (from June
6 to July 10), especially the first pages of the Sports
sections, were collect to
compose a corpus; analysis was centered on the ones
published when the
Brazilian team was playing - the day of the game and the
day after.
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