This work presents the design, construction, and instrumentation of a calorimeter with solar tracking to determine the thermal and optical properties of monolithic glass samples of 15 cm × 15 cm with ...a maximum thickness of 6 mm. The calorimeter was designed considering an abstract methodology, where the materials, for each of its components, were selected from an evaluation considering its properties and its criteria of functionality. The prototype was constructed and instrumented to quantify the heat losses through each of its walls. The prototype was calibrated to obtain the uncertainty of the heat flows, considering the heat gains and heat losses of the system. The results of the calibration allowed to obtain the uncertainty in the measurement of the heat flow that was estimated as ±0.446 W. On the other hand, to verify the operation of the solar calorimeter, we determined the U-value and solar heat gain coefficient for a 3-mm clear glass sample. The average values obtained for U and solar heat gain coefficient were 6.95 ± 0.9 W m−2 K−1 and 0.803 ± 0.03, respectively. These values were compared with values reported in the literature, and they have a maximum difference of 7.7%. The uncertainty obtained in the calibration and the values of the characteristic parameters indicate that the solar calorimeter is adequate to obtain the characteristic parameters of monolithic glass samples with optical characteristics similar to the samples of this study.
Among the alternatives for improving the thermal comfort conditions inside buildings are the thermally activated building systems (TABS). They are embedded in different building components to improve ...the indoor air temperature. In this work, a review and analysis of the state of the art of TABS was carried out to identify their potential to improve thermal comfort conditions and provide energy savings. Furthermore, this study presents the gaps identified in the literature so that researchers can develop future studies on TABS. The articles found were classified and analyzed in four sections, considering their implementation in roofs, walls, floors, and the whole envelope. In addition, aspects related to the configuration of the TABS and the fluid (speed, temperature, and mass flow rate) were analyzed. It was found that when TABS are implemented in roofs, walls, and floors, a reduction in the indoor temperature of a building of up to 14.4 °C can be obtained. Within the limitations of the TABS, the complexity and costs of their implementation compared to the use of air conditioning systems are reported. However, the TABS can provide energy savings of up to 50%.
Objectives
To pinpoint factors associated with low‐level viraemia (LLV) and virological failure (VF) in people living with HIV in the era of high‐efficacy antiretroviral treatment (ART) and ...widespread use of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs)‐based ART.
Methods
We included adults aged > 18 years starting their first ART between 2015 and 2018 in the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network National Cohort (CoRIS). Low‐level viraemia was defined as plasma viral load (pVL) of 50–199 copies/mL at weeks 48 and 72 and VF was defined as pVL ≥ 50 copies/mL at week 48 and pVL ≥ 200 copies/mL at week 72. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the impact on LLV and VF of baseline CD4 T‐cell count, CD4/CD8 T‐cell ratio and pVL, initial ART classes, age at ART initiation, time between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation, gender and transmission route.
Results
Out of 4186 participants, 3120 (76.0%) started INSTIs, 455 (11.1%) started boosted protease inhibitors (bPIs) and 443 (10.8%) started nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), either of them with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Low‐level viraemia was met in 2.5% of participants and VF in 4.3%. There were no significant differences throughout the years for both virological outcomes. Baseline HIV‐1 RNA > 5 log10 copies/mL was the only consistent predictor of higher risk of LLV adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–48.3 and VF (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.9–15.1), even in participants treated with INSTIs.
Conclusions
The rates of LLV and VF were low but remained steady throughout the years. Baseline HIV‐1 RNA > 5 log10 copies/mL showed a persistent association with LLV and VF even in participants receiving INSTIs.
Los registros nuevos de especies fortalecen el conocimiento de la biodiversidad y son la evidencia de que la comprensión de ésta es aún parcial, especialmente en áreas donde la diversidad es alta. Es ...importante seguir generando información que contribuya a robustecer la comprensión de la biota y los servicios que de ella derivan. En este estudio reportamos al charrán de Sandwich (Thalasseus sandvicensis) en dos localidades de la costa de Guerrero. Una localidad fue en Carrizal de Cinta Larga, municipio de Tecpan de Galeana, en febrero de 2010, diciembre de 2012, agosto y diciembre de 2013 y enero de 2015; y la otra en playa Casa de Piedra, municipio de Marquelia, en diciembre de 2011. La especie no está incluida en el listado avifaunístico de Guerrero. Nuestros registros confirman la presencia de la especie en la entidad.
Despite being frequently observed in cancer cells, chromosomal instability (CIN) and its immediate consequence, aneuploidy, trigger adverse effects on cellular homeostasis that need to be overcome by ...anti-stress mechanisms. As such, these safeguard responses represent a tumor-specific Achilles heel, since CIN and aneuploidy are rarely observed in normal cells. Recent data have revealed that epitranscriptomic marks catalyzed by RNA-modifying enzymes change under various stress insults. However, whether aneuploidy is associated with such RNA modifying pathways remains to be determined. Through an in silico search for aneuploidy biomarkers in cancer cells, we found TRMT61B, a mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase enzyme, to be associated with high levels of aneuploidy. Accordingly, TRMT61B protein levels are increased in tumor cell lines with an imbalanced karyotype as well as in different tumor types when compared to control tissues. Interestingly, while TRMT61B depletion induces senescence in melanoma cell lines with low levels of aneuploidy, it leads to apoptosis in cells with high levels. The therapeutic potential of these results was further validated by targeting TRMT61B in transwell and xenografts assays. We show that TRM61B depletion reduces the expression of several mitochondrial encoded proteins and limits mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results identify a new biomarker of aneuploidy in cancer cells that could potentially be used to selectively target highly aneuploid tumors.
Maternal hypercaloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for developing diseases associated with inflammation such as obesity, diabetes and, neurological diseases in the ...offspring. Neuroinflammation might modulate neuronal activation and flavonoids are dietary compounds that have been proven to exert anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with flavonoids (kaempferol-3-
-glucoside and narirutin) on the prevention of depression-like behaviour in the female offspring of dams fed with an obesogenic diet during the perinatal period. Maternal programming was induced by high fat (HFD), high sugar (HSD), or cafeteria diets exposure and depressive like-behaviour, referred to as swimming, climbing, and immobility events, was evaluated around postnatal day 56⁻60 before and after 30 mg/kg i.p. imipramine administration in the female offspring groups. Central inflammation was analyzed by measuring the TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expression. We found that the offspring of mothers exposed to HSD programming failed to show the expected antidepressant effect of imipramine. Also, imipramine injection, to the offspring of mothers exposed to cafeteria diet, displayed a pro-depressive like-behaviour phenotype. However, dietary supplementation with flavonoids reverted the depression-like behaviour in the female offspring. Finally, we found that HSD programming increases the TBK1 inflammatory protein marker in the hippocampus. Our data suggest that maternal HSD programming disrupts the antidepressant effect of imipramine whereas cafeteria diet exposure leads to depressive-like behaviour in female offspring, which is reverted by maternal flavonoid supplementation.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to the recommendations of the Spanish guidelines for the initial assessment of patients with HIV infection in the multicentre Cohort of the ...Spanish HIV/AIDS Network (CoRIS) during the years 2004–2017.
Methods
We calculated the percentage of patients who had each of 11 clinical and analytical recommended examinations performed in their initial evaluation. We evaluated the factors associated with not performing each examination with multivariable logistic regression models.
Results
We included 13 612 patients in the study. In the initial assessment, CD4 count and viral load were determined in more than 98.0% of the patients. Serologies for hepatitis A, B and C and syphilis were determined in 55.8%, 66.4%, 89.8% and 81.7% of the patients, respectively. Total cholesterol and creatinine were determined in 78.7% and 78.9% of the patients, respectively. The lowest proportions of examinations were observed for blood pressure, smoking status and latent tuberculosis screening, which were performed in 43.2%, 50.6% and 53.9% of the patients, respectively. Injecting drug users and heterosexual patients (compared to men who have sex with men) and patients with a lower educational level had a higher risk of having an incomplete initial assessment for a substantial number of examinations. Latent tuberculosis screening was less likely in patients with CD4 counts < 200 cells/µL.
Conclusions
The initial assessment of HIV‐infected patients is suboptimal for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, smoking status, screening of syphilis and viral hepatitis, and diagnosis of latent tuberculosis: adherence to the guidelines was low for these examinations.
El síndrome de Cornelia de Lange es un desorden congénito multisistémico autosómico dominante ocasionado por una mutación en varios genes, siendo el gen NIPBL localizado en el cromosoma 5p13 el ...primero y más común de causa genética hasta en un 60% de los casos; los primeros casos fueron descritos desde 1933, y se presenta con una prevalencia de 1:10,000 RN. Caracterizado por facies dismórfica, alteraciones multisistémicas, retraso psicomotor, autoagresión y alteraciones oftalmológicas como hipertricosis, sinofridia, pestañas largas, miopía, ptosis, nistagmo y telecanto. Su diagnóstico es por genotipo y su tratamiento está enfocado a tratar las complicaciones de las alteraciones sistémicas.
Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 10 años de edad con síndrome de Cornelia de Lange que comienza a los 8 años de edad con actitud retraída, caídas constantes y cese de actividades cotidianas, con antecedente de trauma ocular autoinfligido, en el cual después de la valoración clínica integral se detectan complicaciones oftalmológicas tales como subluxación de cristalino y desprendimiento de retina, por lo que se decide instaura plan quirúrgico y preventivo.
The Cornelia de Lange Syndrome is a multisystem autosomal dominant congenital disorder caused by mutations in several genes, with the NIPBL gene located on chromosome 5p13 the first and most common genetic cause up to 60% of cases, the first cases were described since 1933 is presented with a prevalence of 1: 10000 RN. Characterized by dysmorphic facies, multisystem disorders, psychomotor retardation, and ophthalmologic disorders self-harm as hypertrichosis, synophrys, long eyelashes, myopia, ptosis, nystagmus and telecanthus. Diagnosis is by genotype and treatment is focused on treating complications of systemic disorders.
The case of a female patient of 10 years old with Cornelia de Lange syndrome that starts at 8 years old with introverted, constant crashes, and cessation of daily activities, with a history of self-inflicted ocular trauma is presented, in which after comprehensive clinical assessment ophthalmologic complications such as lens subluxation and retinal detachment are detected, so you decide introduces surgical and preventive plan.
Background Early treatment of intracranial lesions in the emergency department is crucial, but it can be challenging to differentiate between them. This differentiation is essential because the ...treatment of each type of lesion is different. Cerebral computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging can help visualize the vascularity of brain lesions and provide absolute quantification of physiological parameters. Compared to magnetic resonance imaging, CTP has several advantages, such as simplicity, wide availability, and reproducibility. Purpose This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Hounsfield units (HU) in measuring the density of hypercellular lesions and the ability of CTP to quantify hemodynamics in distinguishing intracranial space-occupying lesions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2022. All patients underwent CTP and CT scans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and HU were obtained for intracranial lesions. Results We included a total of 244 patients in our study. This group consisted of 87 (35.7%) individuals with glioblastomas (GBs), 48 (19.7%) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), 45 (18.4%) with metastases (METs), and 64 (26.2) with abscesses. Our study showed that the HUs for METs were higher than those for GB (S 57.4% and E 88.5%). In addition, rCBV values for PCNSL and abscesses were lower than those for GB and METs. The HU in PCNSL was higher than those in abscesses (S 94.1% and E 96.6%). Conclusion PCT parameters provide valuable information for diagnosing brain lesions. A comprehensive assessment improves accuracy. Combining rCBV and HU enhances diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for distinguishing between lesions. PCT's widespread availability allows for the use of both anatomical and functional information with high spatial resolution for diagnosing and managing brain tumor patients.Background Early treatment of intracranial lesions in the emergency department is crucial, but it can be challenging to differentiate between them. This differentiation is essential because the treatment of each type of lesion is different. Cerebral computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging can help visualize the vascularity of brain lesions and provide absolute quantification of physiological parameters. Compared to magnetic resonance imaging, CTP has several advantages, such as simplicity, wide availability, and reproducibility. Purpose This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Hounsfield units (HU) in measuring the density of hypercellular lesions and the ability of CTP to quantify hemodynamics in distinguishing intracranial space-occupying lesions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2022. All patients underwent CTP and CT scans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and HU were obtained for intracranial lesions. Results We included a total of 244 patients in our study. This group consisted of 87 (35.7%) individuals with glioblastomas (GBs), 48 (19.7%) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), 45 (18.4%) with metastases (METs), and 64 (26.2) with abscesses. Our study showed that the HUs for METs were higher than those for GB (S 57.4% and E 88.5%). In addition, rCBV values for PCNSL and abscesses were lower than those for GB and METs. The HU in PCNSL was higher than those in abscesses (S 94.1% and E 96.6%). Conclusion PCT parameters provide valuable information for diagnosing brain lesions. A comprehensive assessment improves accuracy. Combining rCBV and HU enhances diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for distinguishing between lesions. PCT's widespread availability allows for the use of both anatomical and functional information with high spatial resolution for diagnosing and managing brain tumor patients.
Introduction
Floating marine litter (FML) is a global problem with significant risks to marine life and human health. In semi-enclosed basins like the Black Sea, slow water replenishment and strong ...input from European rivers create conditions that can lead to the accumulation of FML. This study aims to validate and utilize an FML dispersion and accumulation numerical model. Additionally, it assesses the influence of Stokes drift on the accumulation patterns of marine litter in the Black Sea, focusing on the contribution from the main river discharge points.
Methods
Numerical Lagrangian modeling adapted to the regional domain in the Black Sea was employed to simulate the dispersion and accumulation of FML. Three scenarios were conducted: two involved homogeneous particle release, one considering Stokes drift, and the other excluding it. The third scenario involved particle release from the nine main river basins.
Results
The southwest coast of the Black Sea exhibited a high density of FML in all scenarios. This finding is likely attributed to the cyclonic circulation, significant FML input from the Danube River, and other northern rivers. Notably, the consideration of Stokes drift significantly impacted the residence time of particles in offshore waters and the percentage of particles washing up on the shore. Including Stokes drift increased the percentage of beached particles from 45.5% to 75.5% and reduced the average residence time from 99 to 63 days. These results align with recent literature, which emphasizes the importance of accounting for Stokes drift to avoid overestimating residence times.
Discussion
The model's findings provide valuable insights into FML accumulation patterns in the Black Sea. The eastern region near the Georgian coast and the northwestern Black Sea were identified as high-density areas, corroborated by observational data. This research underscores the significance of considering Stokes drift when modeling FML transport, particularly concerning marine litter accumulation and potential impacts on coastal regions.
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