Abstract Introduction Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) is an important diagnostic category of the Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC). Further ...subcategorization by cytomorphologic subtypes has been recommended to risk‐stratify cases. In this study, our institutional experience with the risk of neoplasm (RON) and risk of malignancy (ROM) based on cytomorphologic subcategorization of SUMP is reported. We also report the prevalence of malignancy (POM) at our institution. Methods The pathology database was queried for cases of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosed as SUMP along with follow‐up at our institution from 2018–February 2024. This study was approved by an institutional review board. Results Of 1159 cases of salivary gland FNA specimens reported as per MSRSGC at our institution, 14.8% (171/1159 cases) were diagnosed as SUMP, with these reports verified by at least 16 cytopathologists. Surgical follow‐up was available for 139/171 (81.3%) of these cases, for which the original cytomorphologic subgroups were as follows: 65 (46.8%) basaloid, 48 (34.5%) oncocytic/oncocytoid, 14 (10.1%) myoepithelial, 9 (6.5%) other, 2 (1.4%) clear cell, and 1 (0.7%) mucinous. The POM within SUMP at our institution is within a range of 29.8%–36.7%. When considering all cases, our institutional RON for SUMP was 97.8% (136/139), and the ROM was 36.7% (51/139). Notably, a significant portion of cases (36%, 50/139) underwent review at a daily intradepartmental consensus conference. Analysis revealed that SUMP cases that underwent consensus review had a ROM of 46% (23/50), versus 31.5% (28/89) in independently verified cases ( p = .13). Of the cytomorphologic subgroups, basaloid SUMP in particular was more likely to be benign on resection when the case had been independently verified than after consensus review ( p = .0082). When considering only the independently verified cases, the ROM for each subgroup was as follows: 38.7% (12/31) in oncocytic/oncocytoid, 20% (9/45) in basaloid, 33.3% (2/6) in myoepithelial, 60% (3/5) in “other”, and 100% (1/1) in both mucinous and clear cell ( p = .0407). Conclusion While the RON is high across all cytomorphologic subgroups of SUMP, the ROM does vary across the groups, with basaloid cytomorphology having the lowest ROM. This effect is seen in independently verified cases but not in cases having undergone consensus review.
Northern regions of India experience severe fog conditions during the winter period (December–January) each year. In the present study, concurrent measurements of black carbon aerosols (BC), Carbon ...monoxide (CO), Surface Ozone (O
3) and oxides of Nitrgen (NO
x
) have been carried out in Allahabad, located in northern India in order to understand the impact on pollutant concentrations during fog periods. The results of the present study show higher concentrations of BC, NO
x
and CO during morning and late night hours in the study area. Diurnal variations of ozone concentrations varied from 14 ppbv to 35 ppbv and were observed to increase gradually after sunrise attaining a maximum value by evening time and to decrease gradually thereafter. Concentrations of BC, NO
x
, O
3 and CO were found to be very low during fog periods over the study area. BC showed a positive correlation with CO and a negative correlation with surface ozone concentrations. The slope between black carbon aerosols and ground level ozone suggests that every 1 μg m
−
3
increase in black carbon aerosol mass concentration causes a reduction of 0.7 μg m
−
3
surface ozone.
Large spatial extent of biomass burning occurs in northeast region of India during annual dry season for shifting cultivation purposes. Characterization of optical properties of resultant biomass ...burning aerosols is important for the study of atmospheric radiative process and for remote sensing of both surface and atmospheric properties in these regions. In the present study, physical and optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in Arunachal Pradesh, North Eastern Region of India have been studied for the first time using ground based measurements using a MICROTOPS-II sunphotometer, an Aethalometer, a quartz crystal microbalance impactor (QCM), SO2 analyser, and an UV meter. Aerosol size distribution suggested dominance of accumulation mode particle loading during burning days compared to normal days. The slope of data points between simultaneous measurements of AOD (500 nm) and UV
ery suggested that every 0.1 increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD) causes 0.1 minimal erythemal dose (MED h
−
1
) reduction during normal day and reduction of 0.36 MED h
−
1
in ground reaching UV
ery during biomass burning periods. Diurnal variations of black carbon aerosol (BC) concentrations increased by a factor of ~
2 during morning and evening hours compared to afternoon hours during biomass burning period. Daily average black carbon aerosol loading and SO
2 concentrations were found to be high during burning day compared to background values. The proportion of BC to total aerosol mass concentration was observed to be ~
5% during normal days and ~
14% during burning days. The changes in black carbon mass concentration values have implications for estimating radiative forcing due to aerosols over the region.
Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. The purpose was to prospectively compare multiecho iterative decomposition of water and fat with ...echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with three-dimensional fat-suppressed (FS) spoiled GRE (SPGR) MR imaging to evaluate the articular cartilage of the knee. Six healthy volunteer and 10 cadaver knees were imaged at 1.5 T. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), SNR efficiency, and cartilage volume were measured. SNR and SNR efficiency were significantly higher with multiecho IDEAL GRE than with FS SPGR imaging (P < .031). Both methods produced equivalent cartilage volumes (overall concordance correlation coefficient, 0.998) with high precision and accuracy. The use of a cartilage phantom confirmed high accuracy in volume measurements and high reproducibility for both methods. Multiecho IDEAL GRE provides high signal intensity in cartilage and synovial fluid and is a promising technique for imaging articular cartilage of the knee.
The production of synthesis gas from renewable fuels is an emerging technology. The aggressive process environment in fuel production systems poses a major challenge, potentially causing corrosion ...within currently used metallic heat exchangers. To improve the reliability and stability of silicon carbide heat pipes, which belong to an innovative heat exchanger design, the corrosion of involved materials due to contact with steam, ash and alkaline (earth) metals needs to be investigated. Exposures of laser joined SSiC connections with wood ash caused the formation of gas inclusions and an infiltration of the joint with alkaline (earth) metals that lead to crack formations, as revealed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. It was shown that the use of silicon carbide heat pipes joined with solder materials of both the Mg-Al-Si and the Y-Al-Si systems is possible. A further result was that the gasification temperature has to be limited to < 850°C.
Swyer syndrome is a difference of sex development that is typically associated with mutations in genes responsible for testicular development. It is speculated that some cases may result from cryptic ...45,X/46,XY mosaicism leading to abnormal gonadal development. The presence or absence of a 45,X lineage is important for prognosis and management.
We present a case of apparent Swyer syndrome associated with a 46,XY chromosomal complement in lymphocytes and 45,X/46,XY mosaicism on analysis of her noncancerous gonad. Gonadal histology was consistent with a 45,X phenotype.
This case demonstrates the clinical variability in the presentation of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and highlights the importance of thorough genetic testing that includes consideration of chromosomal mosaicism. We will discuss the implications of this diagnosis for management.
Importance of this Paper: Biomass burning process as a source of aerosols though has been reported from different types of ecosystems all over the globe, such studies through ground-based ...measurements from Northeast Indian region are absent. In the study, we report for the first time aerosol emissions and its characterization from shifting cultivation area of moist tropical deciduous forests are comparatively higher than the other forest types, which is attributed mainly to dominating smoldering conditions.
Physical and optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in Northeastern region, India analyzed based on measurements made during February 2002. Large spatial extent of Northeastern Region moist tropical to moist sub-tropical forests in India have high frequency of burning in annual dry seasons. Characterization of resultant trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning is important for the atmospheric radiative processes. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) observed to be high during burning period compared to pre- and post-burning days. Peak period of biomass burning is highly correlated with measured AOD and total columnar water vapor. Size distribution of aerosols showed bimodal size distribution during burning day and unimodal size distribution during pre- and post-burning days. Size distribution retrievals from biomass burning aerosols show dominance of accumulation mode particles. Weighted mean radius is high (0.22 μm) during burning period. Columnar content of aerosols observed to be high during burning period in addition to the drastic reduction of visibility. During the burning day Anderson sampler measurements showed dominance of accumulation mode particles. The diurnal averaged values of surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing of biomass burning aerosols varies from −59 to −87 W
m
−2 on different days. Measured and modeled solar irradiances are also discussed in the paper.
Crop surface temperature (CST) is an important parameter to monitor crop status. Satellite data in thermal region provide an opportunity to estimate CST over large regions at frequent intervals. In ...the present study, various split-window algorithms are employed to estimate CST over rice areas in irrigation projects of Krishna basin, South India using multi-resolution MODIS satellite data. NDVI is used to approximate the mean pixel emissivity, by taking known values for emissivity and NDVI for pure vegetation and bare soil pixels. Diurnal ground measurements are made to evaluate satellite-derived CST. CST values obtained using the Sobrino method have been found to be closer to the ground-measured values compared with other algorithms, as it takes into account view angle, atmospheric transmittance, and water vapour corrections. It has been observed that the error in estimating CST is comparatively lower for well-grown crops.
Tropical biomass burning and associated emissions of aerosols into the atmosphere play a vital role in atmospheric perturbation and climate change. This letter aims at investigating the impact of ...forest fires on aerosol concentration over the northeast region of India, with the use of satellite data. The forests of northeast India are subjected to severe fire episodes during the January-May period every year mainly due to slash-and-burn agricultural practices. Daily active forest fire locations over the northeastern region were derived using nighttime satellite data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Line Scan system. These data were compared with variations in the aerosol index derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer along with the aerosol optical depth derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The analysis covered the period January-May 2006. The satellite data analysis suggested a maximum number of forest fires between February and April. The results clearly suggested a significant correlation between forest fire occurrences and variations in the aerosol concentrations over the study region.
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