It is a widely accepted fact that almost every research or business revolves around Data. Data from various business sectors has been growing sharply and the management of this massive amount of data ...is the biggest professional crunch these days. The notion of Big Data Analytics (BDA) is a prominent facet that delivers the best possible solution to decision-makers for efficiently handling the problems related to huge data. The key role of BDA in the area of Supply Chain Management (SCM), Logistics Management (LM), and Inventory Management (IM) is of utmost significance as it optimises the business operations by analyzing customer behaviour. Motivated with the promising paybacks of the BDA, a recent review from the year 2015-2019 is presented in this paper. Further, the significance of BDA in SCM, LM, and IM has been highlighted by studying 58 papers, which have been sorted after a detailed study of 260 papers, collected through the Web of Science (WoS) database. The findings and observations give state-of-the-art insights to scientists and business professionals by presenting an exhaustive list of the progress made and challenges left untackled in the field of BDA in SCM, LM, and IM.
Aim: Anthropogenic additions of nitrogen (N) are expected to drive terrestrial ecosystems toward greater phosphorus (P) limitation. However, a comprehensive understanding of how an ecosystem's P ...cycle responds to external N inputs remains elusive, making model predictions of the anthropogenic P limitation and its impacts largely uncertain. Location: Global. Time period: 1986-2015. Major taxa studied: Terrestrial ecosystems. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis including 288 independent study sites from 192 articles to evaluate global patterns and controls of 10 variables associated with ecosystem P cycling under N addition. Results: Overall, N addition increased biomass in plants (+34%) and litter (+15%) as well as plant P content (+17%), while decreasing P concentrations in plants and litter (-8% and -11%, respectively). N addition did not change soil labile P or microbial P, but enhanced phosphatase activity (+24%). The effects of N addition on the litter P pool and soil total P remained unclear due to significant publication biases. The response of P cycling to N addition in tropical forests was different from that in other ecosystem types. N addition did not change plant biomass or phosphatase activity in tropical forests but significantly reduced plant P and soil labile P concentrations. The shift in plant P concentration under N addition was negatively correlated with the N application rate or total N load. N-induced change in soil labile P was strongly regulated by soil pH value at the control sites, with a significant decrease of 14% only in acidic soils (pH < 5.5). Main conclusions: Our results suggest that as anthropogenic N enhancement continues in the future it could induce P limitation in terrestrial ecosystems while accelerating P cycling, particularly in tropical forests. A quantitative framework generated on the basis of this meta-analysis is useful for our understanding of ecosystem P cycling with N addition, and for incorporating the anthropogenic P limitation into ecosystem models used to analyse effects of future climate change.
Significant work has been done towards identifying the health-beneficial effects of the grape antioxidant resveratrol in a variety of bioassay- and disease- models, with much research being focused ...on its possible application to cancer management. Despite the large number of preclinical studies dealing with different aspects of the biological effects of resveratrol, its translation to clinics is far from reality due to a variety of challenges. In this review, we discuss the issues and questions associated with resveratrol becoming an effective in vivo anticancer drug, from basic metabolic issues to the problems faced by incomplete understanding of the mechanism(s) of action in the body. We also explore efforts taken by researchers, both public and private, to contend with some of these issues. By examining the published data and previous clinical trials, we have attempted to identify the problems and issues that hinder the clinical translation of resveratrol for cancer management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
•The main issues blocking resveratrol as a cancer treatment are discussed.•A survey of public & private research done on resveratrol forms is performed.•We suggest that the appropriate dose of resveratrol is disease-specific.•Work done to determine resveratrol's anticancer mechanism is explored.•Completed trials are investigated to offer suggestions to plan better research.
•Methods for site-selective orientated antibody immobilization are discussed, in particular to unconventional approaches.•Focus on methods employing site-specific chemical tools for creating covalent ...interactions.•Potential applications of the immobilized antibody systems are described.
Immobilized antibody systems are the key to develop efficient diagnostics and separations tools. In the last decade, developments in the field of biomolecular engineering and crosslinker chemistry have greatly influenced the development of this field. With all these new approaches at our disposal, several new immobilization methods have been created to address the main challenges associated with immobilized antibodies. Few of these challenges that we have discussed in this review are mainly associated to the site-specific immobilization, appropriate orientation, and activity retention. We have discussed the effect of antibody immobilization approaches on the parameters on the performance of an immunoassay.
Bulk and nano Ni1-xMgxFe2O4 (x = 0–1) samples were synthesized via microwave double sintering and microwave assisted hydrothermal techniques respectively. The diffraction pattern confirmed the ...formation of cubic spinel phases in case of both the ferrites. The larger bulk densities were achieved to the bulk than that of nano. In addition, a comparative study on X-band (8.4–12 GHz) electromagnetic interference shielding properties of current bulk and nanomaterials was elucidated. The results showed that the bulk Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4 composition revealed the highest total shielding efficiency (SET) of ∼17 dB. In comparison, the shielding efficiency values of all bulk contents were higher than that of nano because of larger bulk densities. Moreover, the ac-electromagnetic parameters such as electrical conductivity (σac), the respective real (ε′ & μ′) and imaginary parts (ε″ & μ″) of complex permittivity and permeability were investigated as a function of gigahertz frequency. The bulk ferrites of x = 0.4 & 0.6 showed the high ε″ of 10.26 & 6.71 and μ″ of 3.65 & 3.09 respectively at 12 GHz which can work as promising microwave absorber materials. Interestingly, nanoferrites exhibited negative μ″ values at few frequencies due to geometrical effects which improves the microwave absorption.
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•Bulk and nano NiMg ferrites are prepared by microwave and hydrothermal method.•X-band EMI shielding properties are studied for both bulk and nano ferrites.•Bulk Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4 revealed the highest SET of ∼17 dB at 8.4 GHz.•Bulk x = 0.4 & 0.6 showed the high ε″ and μ″ at 12 GHz for absorber applications.
Effect of positioning of the cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group on ring periphery of phenothiazine dye on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is reported. Two types of dyes, one ...having substitution on the C-3 aromatic ring (Type 1) and another through the N-terminal (Type 2), have been synthesized for this purpose. Absorption and fluorescence studies have been performed to visualize the effect of substitution pattern on the spectral coverage and electrochemical studies to monitor the tuning of redox levels. B3LYP/6-31G* studies are performed to visualize the frontier orbital location and their significance in charge injection when surface modified on semiconducting TiO2. New DSSCs have been built on nanocrystalline TiO2 according to traditional two-electrode Grätzel solar cell setup with a reference cell based on N719 dye for comparison. The lifetime of the adsorbed phenothiazine dye is found to be quenched significantly upon immobilizing on TiO2 suggesting charge injection from excited dye to semiconducting TiO2. The performances of the cells are found to be prominent for solar cells made out of Type 1 dyes compared to Type 2 dyes. This trend has been rationalized on the basis of spectral, electrochemical, computational, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results.
Antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) events are regulated by critical molecules that modulate antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and/or oxidative stress ...within the cell. Imbalances in these molecules can disturb cellular functions to become pathogenic. Sirtuins serve as important regulators of ARS in cells. Recent Advances: Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases with the ability to deacetylate histone and nonhistone targets. Recent studies show that sirtuins modulate the regulation of a variety of cellular processes associated with ARS. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT5 protect the cell from ROS, and SIRT2, SIRT6, and SIRT7 modulate key oxidative stress genes and mechanisms. Interestingly, SIRT4 has been shown to induce ROS production and has antioxidative roles as well.
A complete understanding of the roles of sirtuins in redox homeostasis of the cell is very important to understand the normal functioning as well as pathological manifestations. In this review, we have provided a critical discussion on the role of sirtuins in the regulation of ARS. We have also discussed mechanistic interactions among different sirtuins. Indeed, a complete understanding of sirtuin biology could be critical at multiple fronts.
Sirtuins are emerging to be important in normal mammalian physiology and in a variety of oxidative stress-mediated pathological situations. Studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms of sirtuins in maintaining redox homeostasis. Efforts are also required to assess the targetability of sirtuins in the management of redox-regulated diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 643-661.
In recent years, the perovskite solar cells have gained much attention because of their ever-increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE), simple solution fabrication process, flyable, light-weight ...wearable and deployable for ultra-lightweight space and low-cost materials constituents etc. Over the last few years, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has surpassed 25% due to high-quality perovskite-film accomplished through low-temperature synthesis techniques along with developing suitable interface and electrode-materials. Besides, the stability of perovskite solar cells has attracted much well-deserved attention. In this article we have focused on recent progress of the perovskite solar cells regarding their crystallinity, morphology and synthesis techniques. Also, demonstrated different layers such as electron transport-layers (ETLs), hole transport-layers (HTLs) and buffer-layers utilized in perovskite solar-cells, considering their band gap, carrier mobility, transmittance etc. Outlook of various tin (Sn), carbon and polymer-based perovskite solar cells and their potential of commercialization feasibility has also been discussed.
The energy-levels and charge-transfer process of perovskite solar cells. Display omitted
•The in-depth review of perovskite solar cells were discussed.•Various parameters for solar cell applications were explained.•Stability of perovskite solar cells is discussed.•Commercial applications of perovskite solar cells were illustrated.
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•A novel oxidation resistant refractory composition with YAG was proposed.•Oxidation index was reduced from 68 % to 27 % at 1600 °C.•Rate constant was decreased from 7.76 × 10−3 to ...1.64 × 10−3 cm2 min−1 at 1600 °C.•Residual strength data indicated ∼70 % improvement in thermal shock resistance.•Improvements were ascribed to the YAG/Spinel composite bonding microstructure.
The decisive role of nanostructured yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG;Y3Al5O12) powder addition on oxidation resistance, residual strength and microstructural evolution were studied in Al2O3-MgO–C refractory composites. Oxidation index and rate constant calculations indicated that the oxidation resistance was almost 70 % improved for the nano-YAG containing refractories oxidized in air at 1600 °C. Residual compressive strength (Rc) estimations showed that there was nearly 75 % strength retained in these oxidized refractories fortified with nano-YAG. Residual bending strength (Rb) estimations based on cyclic thermal shock, exhibited that there was almost 70 % thermal shock resistance enhancement in refractories reinforced with nano-YAG, showed a good agreement between Rb and Rc values. These beneficial properties were attributed to the formation of a well-sintered framework of YAG/Spinel bonding grains throughout the dense oxidized layer microstructure of these new class of refractories. The concept of interfacial toughening and implications of these results to practical applications are discussed.
The grape antioxidant resveratrol has been a topic of intense research for the past three decades. Resveratrol and other grape ingredients, as well as whole‐grape products, have shown considerable ...promise in health promotion and disease management. Phytochemically, whole grape represents a natural combination of resveratrol and other phytonutrients, as it contains several catechins, anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonols. Thus, whole grape products or specific combinations of grape constituents provide us with the possibility of synergistic interactions leading to improved efficacy. Recent research has suggested that whole‐grape products may help in maintaining heart health and protect against aging, aging‐associated diseases, neurodegeneration, and some cancers. On the basis of available recent literature, the grape fruit or whole‐grape products seem to be safer choices for better health and disease prevention. However, for advanced disease conditions, individual grape ingredients (such as resveratrol) or combinations of multiple ingredients, together with existing therapies, appear to be better approaches. Further clinical studies are needed to understand the benefits of grapes and their products in the prevention and management of specific diseases.
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