Nanoliposomes are one of the leading potential nano drug delivery systems capable of targeting chemotherapeutics to tumor sites because of their passive nano-targeting capability through the enhanced ...permeability and retention (EPR) effect for cancer patients. Recent advances in nano-delivery systems have inspired the development of a wide range of nanotargeted materials and strategies for applications in preclinical and clinical usage in the cancer field. Nanotargeted 188Re-liposome is a unique internal passive radiotheranostic agent for nuclear imaging and radiotherapeutic applications in various types of cancer. This article reviews and summarizes our multi-institute, multidiscipline, and multi-functional studied results and achievements in the research and development of nanotargeted 188Re-liposome from preclinical cells and animal models to translational clinical investigations, including radionuclide nanoliposome formulation, targeted nuclear imaging, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, radiation tumor killing effects in animal models, nanotargeted radionuclide and radio/chemo-combination therapeutic effects, and acute toxicity in various tumor animal models. The systemic preclinical and clinical studied results suggest 188Re-liposome is feasible and promising for in vivo passive nanotargeted radionuclide theranostics in future cancer care applications.
This paper considers the problem of robust bearing-only source localization in impulsive noise with symmetric α-stable distribution based on the Lp-norm minimization criterion. The existing ...Iteratively Reweighted Pseudolinear Least-Squares (IRPLS) method can be used to solve the least LP-norm optimization problem. However, the IRPLS algorithm cannot reduce the bias attributed to the correlation between system matrices and noise vectors. To reduce this kind of bias, a Total Lp-norm Optimization (TLPO) method is proposed by minimizing the errors in all elements of system matrix and data vector based on the minimum dispersion criterion. Subsequently, an equivalent form of TLPO is obtained, and two algorithms are developed to solve the TLPO problem by using Iterative Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition (IGED) and Generalized Lagrange Multiplier (GLM), respectively. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance advantage of the IGED and GLM algorithms over the IRPLS algorithm.
Chemical structures bearing a combination of aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties attracted the attention of many researchers. Recently, ...there is an increasing demand to pose tunable AIEE and ICT fluorophores that could present their conformation changes-related emission colors by adjusting the medium polarity. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 4-alkoxyphenyl-substituted 1,8-naphthalic anhydride derivatives NAxC using the Suzuki coupling reaction to construct donor-acceptor (D-A)-type fluorophores with alkoxyl substituents of varying carbon chain lengths (x = 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 in NAxC). To explain the observation that molecules with longer carbon chains revealed unusual fluorescence enhancement in water, we study the optical properties and evaluate their locally excited (LE) and ICT states by solvent effects combined with Lippert-Mataga plots. Then, we explored the self-assembly abilities of these molecules in water-organic (W/O) mixed solutions and observed the morphology of its nanostructure using a fluorescence microscope and SEM. The results show that NAxC, x = 4, 6, 12 show different degrees of self-assembly behaviors and corresponding aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) progresses. At the same time, different nanostructures and corresponding spectral changes can be obtained by adjusting the water ratio in the mixed solution. That is, NAxC compounds present different transitions between LE, ICT and AIEE based on the polarity, water ratio and time changes. We designed NAxC as the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the surfactant to demonstrate that AIEE comes from the formation of micelle-like nanoaggregates, which causes a restriction of the transfer from the LE state to the ICT state, and micelle formation results in a blue-shift in emission and enhances the intensity in the aggregate state. Among them, NA12C is most likely to form micelles and the most obvious fluorescence enhancement, which will switch over time due to the nano-aggregation transition.
•The p-center is a social equity flow-refueling model as opposed to a social efficiency model.•The p-center determines the lowest maximum deviation for the full-coverage model in p.•A link-based ...algorithm is developed to optimally solve this problem.•Multiple optimal solutions may exist, but they are associated with different total trip distances.•The maximum deviation may not always decrease as the vehicle range increases.
The p-center flow-refueling facility location problem locates p refueling facilities to minimize the maximum percentage deviation of all drivers. It is a social equity resource allocation model as opposed to a social efficiency p-maximum coverage flow-refueling model. We propose a nonlinear integer program based on link formulation and analyze its relationship with p-maximum coverage and set covering location flow-refueling problems. We develop a link-based implicit enumeration algorithm with an embedded vehicle range-constrained shortest path subproblem to optimally solve the problem. The computational results show that multiple optimal solutions may exist but that they are associated with different total trip distances. In addition, the maximum deviation may not decrease as the vehicle range or the number of refueling facilities marginally increases.
Warfarin is an alternate choice for patients who are not eligible for non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to compare the long-term outcome of ...triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) with that of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after AMI. This was a nationwide, propensity score-matched, case–control study of 186,112 first AMI patients, of whom 2,825 received TAT comprising aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin. Propensity score matching in a ratio of 1:4 by age, sex, comorbidities, and treatment was adopted, Finally, 2,813 AMI patients and 11,252 matched controls that were administered TAT and DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel), respectively, were included in our analysis. The 12-year overall survival rate did not differ between both strategies (
P
= .3167). TAT was beneficial in old age (hazard ratio HR = 0.92), female sex (HR = 0.86), atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR = 0.80), hypertension (HR = 0.92), cerebrovascular accident (HR = 0.90), and in the absence of percutaneous coronary intervention (HR = 0.79). TAT reduced the rate of recurrent myocardial infarction (
P
= .0108) but did not affect the rate of stroke (
P
= .4867), gastrointestinal bleeding (
P
= .3889), or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (
P
= .3449). TAT reduces the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction and does not increase the risk of major bleeding, while compared to DAPT.
Multi-drug resistant
is a frequent nosocomial invasive bacteremia pathogen in hospitals. Our previous analysis showed one of the predominant strains, ST42 originated from ST3, had only one multilocus ...sequence typing (MLST) variation among seven loci in
; yet no significant differences in biofilm formation observed between ST42 and ST3, suggesting that other factors influence clonal lineage change. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on two isolates from ST42 and ST3 to find phenotypic and genotypic variations, and these variations were further validated in 140 clinical isolates. The fusidic acid- and tetracycline-resistant genes (
and
) were found only in CGMH-SH51 (ST42). Further investigation revealed consistent resistant genotypes in all isolates, with 46% and 70% of ST42 containing
and
respectively. In contrast, only 23% and 4.2% ST3 contained these two genes, respectively. The phenotypic analysis also showed that ST42 isolates were highly resistant to fusidic acid (47%) and tetracycline (70%), compared with ST3 (23% and 4%, respectively). Along with drug-resistant genes, three capsule-related genes were found in higher percentage distributions in ST42 than in ST3 isolates. Our findings indicate that ST42 could become endemic in Taiwan, further constitutive surveillance is required to prevent the spread of this bacterium.
The vertebral column of individual mammalian species often exhibits remarkable robustness in the number and identity of vertebral elements that form (known as axial formulae). The genetic ...mechanism(s) underlying this constraint however remain ill-defined. Here, we reveal the interplay of three regulatory pathways (Gdf11, miR-196 and Retinoic acid) is essential in constraining total vertebral number and regional axial identity in the mouse, from cervical through to tail vertebrae. All three pathways have differing control over Hox cluster expression, with heterochronic and quantitative changes found to parallel changes in axial identity. However, our work reveals an additional role for Hox genes in supporting axial elongation within the tail region, providing important support for an emerging view that mammalian Hox function is not limited to imparting positional identity as the mammalian body plan is laid down. More broadly, this work provides a molecular framework to interrogate mechanisms of evolutionary change and congenital anomalies of the vertebral column.
Physical inactivity is a common health problem in female college students, and factors such as weight self-stigma and smartphone addiction may negatively impact physical activity in this population. ...The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between these variables and identify the moderating effects of smartphone addiction between weight stigma and physical activity. Using a cross-sectional study, information on the level of physical activity in the past week, weight-related self-stigma, and smartphone addiction, as well as demographics, were collected via an online survey from 391 female college students in Taiwan. Participants in two groups of moderate to high and low physical activity were compared using a zero-order bivariate correlation in terms of independent variables. A moderated mediation model using Model 14 in the Hayes’ PROCESS macro with 1000 bootstrapping resamples was applied to assess moderation effects. There were significant differences in terms of weight status, smartphone addiction, and weight stigma between active and inactive groups (p < 0.001). All independent variables except for age were positively correlated (0.14 < r < 0.45). Multivariate regression models indicated that weight status was associated with weight stigma (odds ratio OR = 9.13, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 6.90, 11.35). Weight status (OR = 0.47, p = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.23, 0.93), weight stigma (OR = 0.96, p = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.922, 0.997), and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.11, p = 0.003; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.47) were associated with physical activity. The moderating role of smartphone addiction on the association between weight stigma and physical activity was also identified (OR = 1.05, p = 0.049; 95% CI = 1.0001, 1.1004). The moderating effect of smartphone addiction on the association between weight stigma and physical activity suggests that designing interventions to address the negative impacts of both weight stigma and smartphone addiction may help to improve physical activity in female college students.
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