Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to present a substantial challenge in modern healthcare, placing considerable burdens on individuals, families, and healthcare systems worldwide. The study ...investigates the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures in the categorization of distinct phases of Alzheimer's disease using brain imaging data. The CNN model proposed in this study encompasses a multi-layered architecture, commencing with image preprocessing. Subsequently, convolutional, and pooling layers are employed, along with dropout regularization, to enhance the model's performance. Finally, fully connected layers are utilized for the purpose of classification. The study assesses the efficacy of different optimization algorithms, namely SGD, Adadelta, Adagrad, and Adam, over a span of 100 epochs. The training and validation graphs provide visual representations of the model's convergence and generalization abilities. It is observed that the Adam optimizer exhibits superior performance in terms of accuracy and loss. Furthermore, confusion matrices are utilized to illustrate the efficacy of different optimizers in accurately classifying individuals into the stages of "Mild Demented," "Very Mild Demented," "Non-Demented," and "Moderate Demented." The results indicate that the Adam optimizer achieves the highest accuracy and exhibits a lower number of misclassifications. The findings highlight the effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) models, particularly when enhanced with the Adam optimization algorithm, in accurately categorizing various phases of Alzheimer's disease using brain imaging data. These results present encouraging prospects for clinical diagnosis and research in this field.
Cigarette smoking is the serious health problems and most important avoidable cause of death in world. Worldwide more than 8 million people currently die each year from smoking half of them before of ...the age of 60. Every cigarette reduces the life span by about 5 minutes. Smoke contains oxidising agents and the oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions that damage cells. In the present study 40 male subjects were divided into four different groups and their lipid profile have been estimated by various tests i.e. Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDLC, VLDL-C. It was observed that in cigarette smokers HDL-C level decreased and cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C level increased as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. In case of MDA and Antioxidant enzymes test, the value of MDA increases and antioxidant enzymes decreases in cigarette smokers as compared to the control i.e. non- cigarette smokers. The variation in the level of lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes from normal values causes several diseases such as Lung cancer, other cancers, heart disease, and stroke and has numerous immediate health effects on the brain and on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune systems.
Cloud computing, near-field communication, wireless cellular networks, etc. are only a few of the associated technological advancements that have gained widespread market adoption in relation to the ...Internet of Things. Therefore, from an IoT viewpoint, it is crucial to pay attention to its applicability and feasibility features in connection to pertinent security concerns. This paper's goal is to analyse and illustrate how security issues with wireless sensor networks affect the Internet of Things and its applications. As a result, this publication offers an overview of the major and secondary security requirements for wireless sensor networks together with a taxonomy of potential threats and attacks against these requirements. Despite recent advancements in WSN technology, the application still confronts major difficulties because these sensors are often put in remote places. The main issues here include risks to network security, network architecture, data collecting and deployment, and network coverage. These five subjects have so been extensively researched in the literature. This paper's major goal is to thoroughly discuss these challenges and proposed model with solution (Contiki Cooja) also discussed in details
Ultrasonic vibration parameters are estimated using a Fuzzy based Phase locked loop. A quadrature detector based on the modified sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) is employed that acts as a ...band-pass filter. A damping factor (r) is introduced in the SDFT to ensure the stability of the filter. Complex poles are eliminated by rationalizing the SDFT filter known as the Goertzel algorithm. The quadrature phase of the Goertzel filter is then passed through a low pass filter. The output of the low pass filter contains the vibration information along with noise. To eliminate the noise, a Fuzzy based PID controller is employed. This fuzzy system, when coupled with the PID controller, is able to estimate a wide range of vibrating frequencies. The output of the PID controller is then fed to a bi-quad oscillator that produces variable pulses, which ensures the phase-locking mechanism. This nonlinear Fuzzy based PID controller can replace the tedious manual tuning procedure. Simulation results validate the efficient performance of the proposed PLL in dynamic and noisy environments.
Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is a phase change material that manifests a reversible insulator to metal transition at \sim 68^{\circ}\mathrm{C}. VO 2 proclaims more than three orders of resistance ...switching, low on state resistance and fast transition (ns), which has encouraged its substantial application in RF switching, and reconfigurable microwave devices. This simulation work reports a transparent band-to-band frequency reconfigurable absorber using VO 2 based switchable ground plane between the top layer and bottom optically transparent ITO metallic ground plane. In insulating state of VO 2 , incident waves are transmitted through the switchable ground plane and proposed absorber resonates in the C-band from 5.71 GHz to 8.84 GHz with the reflection coefficient of \sim -28 dB at 6.84 GHz. Whereas, in the metallic state of VO 2 , switchable ground plane acts as a reflector. As a result, the absorber operates in the X and Ku bands from 10.28 GHz to 21.7 GHz with \sim -26 dB reflection coefficient at 15.23 GHz. The metallic ITO layer at the bottom serves as a ground plane as well as a heater to thermally trigger the phase transition of the VO 2 film.
A closed loop modulated Hopping Discrete Fourier Transform (mHDFT) based quadrature detector is proposed to estimate the various vibration parameters. The modulated hopping DFT is efficient way of ...calculating DFT of N samples. The system poles always reside on the unit circle and as there is no twiddle factor involved in feedback of the filter so there is no accumulation of error while calculating the DFT of N samples. This algorithm is implemented in Phase Locked Loop design for non contact type vibration estimation. The detection accuracy of the proposed estimator is very high even for low frequency signals.
This paper presents study of a feature, Coefficient of Variation (COV) based on wavelet transform (WT) for classification of power quality (PQ) disturbances. A five level wavelet decomposition using ...Db4 wavelet is chosen for all feature extraction processes. Six types of power quality disturbances (PQDs) have been considered. The feasibility of COV has been evaluated along with four other features using linear and Gaussian kernel support vector machine (SVM). Classification accuracy has been improved by optimizing the hyper-parameters for a Gaussian kernel SVM through Bayesian optimization (BO). BO-SVM provides better accuracy than a linear kernel SVM. From the experimental analysis it is revealed that the proposed method can effectively detect and identify PQDs.
Vanadium dioxide (\text{VO}_{2}) exhibits a reversible phase transition from an insulating state to a metallic state at 68 °C, significantly changing its electrical/optical properties leading to ...several switching applications in DC to optical frequencies. This work reports \text{VO}_{2} phase transition-based series and shunt RF switches using \text{VO}_{2} films synthesized with a low-thermal budget process. \text{VO}_{2} RF switches are embedded in a co-planar waveguide and their switching performance is characterized using a vector network analyzer in 1-8.5 GHz. The series switch configuration achieves isolation of 21 dB at 1 GHz with an insertion loss of 1.5 dB, while the shunt RF switch shows an isolation of ∼ 16 dB, and an insertion loss of 0.3 dB up to 8.5 GHz, respectively. A transmission line-based approach is used to model the performance of the RF switch in both series and shunt configurations.
One of the industries that are most crucial to humanity is agriculture. Agriculture mechanization is the major issue facing all countries today. As the world's population is expanding at an ...incredibly fast rate, there is an increasing demand for food. To fulfill the expanding demand, farmers will need to apply chemical pesticides more often than they already do. The soil is harmed by this. The land continues to be unproductive and barren as a result of this having a substantial influence on agricultural activities. Several mechanization strategies, including deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are covered in this article. It is crucial to use new technologies at various stages of the agro-based supply chain due to several long-term challenges for the agricultural industry and various factors, such as population growth, global warming, technological advancement, and the condition of environmental assets (water, etc.). Examples include automated farm equipment processes, the use of sensing devices and satellite data for distant locations, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for forecasting weather patterns. Crop diseases, inadequate storage management, chemical usage, weed control, insufficient irrigation, and poor water management are just a few problems the agricultural sector is facing. Using the range of strategies covered, each of these problems might be handled. It has been demonstrated that automating farming procedures increases soil productivity and improves soil fertility. To get a quick overview of how automation is currently being used in agriculture, this paper examines the work of numerous researchers. In the current study, we highlight the key uses of AI and Ml techniques in farming and highlight the undeniably rising trend in the implementation of these techniques to advance the agriculture sector.
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