Air-Drying Llama Sperm Affects DNA Integrity Carretero, María Ignacia; Chaves, María Graciela; Arraztoa, Claudia Cecilia ...
Frontiers in veterinary science,
12/2020, Letnik:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of air-drying preservation on llama sperm DNA. Semen collections were carried out using electroejaculation under general anesthesia. A total of ...16 ejaculates were processed from 4 males (
= 4,
= 4). Each sample was diluted 4:1 in a collagenase solution in TALP media, then incubated and centrifuged at 800 g for 8 min. The pellet was re-suspended to a concentration of 20 million sperm/ml in TALP. Then the samples were placed onto sterile slides forming lines and were left to dry under laminar flow for 15 min. After this, the slides were placed into Falcon centrifuge tubes and kept at 5°C. Sperm characteristics (motility, membrane function, viability and morphology) were evaluated in raw semen and in the air-dried samples kept at 5°C for 30 min. DNA evaluation (integrity and degree of chromatin condensation) was carried out in raw semen and in the air-dried samples after 30 min, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after preservation. To compare raw semen to the air-dried samples, a Wilcoxon test was used for all sperm characteristics except for DNA, where a paired Student
-test was applied. A split plot design was used to compare chromatin condensation between the different periods of preservation and a Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare DNA integrity. Motility, membrane function, viability and sperm with intact DNA decreased in the air-dried samples (
< 0.05), while morphology and chromatin condensation were not affected (
> 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the percentage of sperm with condensed chromatin between the different periods of preservation (
> 0.05). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm with intact DNA was observed as from day 7 of preservation (
< 0.05). In conclusion the air-drying process has a negative effect on llama sperm DNA, hence the media used will need to be improved to protect DNA and be able to implement this technique in this species.
An undetectable serum HIV-1 load is key to effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, which depends on adherence to treatment. We evaluated factors possibly associated with ARV adherence and ...virologic response in HIV-infected heterosexual individuals.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 HIV-1 serodiscordant couples and 100 unpartnered individuals receiving ARV treatment at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. All subjects provided written informed consent, answered demographic/behavioral questionnaires through audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI), and collected blood and vaginal samples for biological markers and assessment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HIV-negative partners were counseled and tested for HIV-1.
The study population mean age was 39.9 years, 53.6% were female, 62.5% were Caucasian, 52.6% had incomplete or complete elementary education, 63.1% resided in Porto Alegre. Demographic, behavioral and biological marker characteristics were similar between couples and single individuals. There was an association between adherence reported on ACASI and an undetectable serum viral load (P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that single-tablet ARV-regimens were independently associated with adherence (OR = 2.3; 95CI%: 1.2-4.4; P = 0.011) after controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, personal income, ARV regimen, and median time of ARV use. A positive correlation between genital secretion PCR results and serum viral load was significant in the presence of STIs (r = 0.359; P = 0.017). Although HIV PCR detection in vaginal secretions was more frequent in women with detectable viremia (9/51, 17.6%), it was also present in 7 of 157 women with undetectable serum viral loads (4.5%), p = 0.005.
ARV single tablet regimens are associated with adherence. Detectable HIV-1 may be present in the genital secretions of women with undetectable viremia which means there is potential for HIV transmission in adherent individuals with serologic suppression.
•HIV-1 transmission can occur in HIV-1 serodifferent couples who have been prescribed antiretrovirals.•Five seroconversions were noted among 200 HIV serodifferent couples (HIV incidence 2.5%).•Prior ...mean HIV viral load was higher in HIV transmitters compared to non-transmitters.•Sexually transmitted infection were associated with seroconversion (odds ratio 9.75, 95% confidence interval 1.55–61.2; p=0.023)
HIV-1 heterosexual transmission among individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with undetectable viremia is extremely rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of sexual HIV-1 transmission and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in HIV-1 serodifferent couples while the index partner is on ART.
HIV transmission was evaluated in 200 HIV-1 heterosexual serodifferent couples in a stable relationship (≥3 months). All HIV-positive individuals had been on ART for ≥3 months and had been followed up for a median preceding time of 4.5 years (range 0.3–16 years) at the HIV couples clinic at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Following written informed consent, participants responded to demographic/behavioral questionnaires. Quantitative PCR for HIV RNA, T-cell subsets, and STI testing (syphilis, herpes, human papillomavirus, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis) were performed. Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained for quantitative HIV genital viral load testing.
Among 200 couples, 70% of index partners were female. Five seroconversions were observed; the HIV infection incidence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 5.7%). Mean plasma viral load results were higher in HIV transmitters compared to non-transmitters (p=0.02). The presence of STIs was significantly greater in couples who seroconverted (60.0% vs. 13.3%; odds ratio 9.75, 95% confidence interval 1.55–61.2; p=0.023). The duration of undetectable HIV viremia and presence of STIs were associated with HIV transmission.
Undetectable viremia was the main factor associated with non-transmissibility of HIV in this setting.
The excess neonatal adiposity is considered a risk factor for the development of childhood obesity and the birth weight is a marker of health throughout life.
To evaluate the effect of a lifestyle ...intervention conducted among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity and birth weight.
A total of 350 pregnant women were recruited and randomly allocated into the control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Pregnant women in the IG were invited to participate in three nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, rather than ultra-processed foods, following the NOVA food classification system, which categorizes foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing, and the regular practice of physical activity. Neonatal adiposity was estimated using a previously validated anthropometric model. Adjusted linear regression models were used to measure the effect.
Adopting the modified intention-to-treat principle, data from 256 neonates were analyzed for birth weight, and data from 163 for body composition estimation. The treatment had no effect on the proportion of fat mass β 0.52 (95 % CI −1.03, 2.06); p = .51, fat-free mass β −0.50 (95 % CI −2.45, 1.45); p = .61 or birth weight β 53.23 (95 % CI −87.19, 193.64); p = .46.
In the present study, the lifestyle counselling used had no effect on neonatal adiposity or birth weight. Future studies should investigate the effect of more intensive interventions.
•The intervention based on NOVA did not cause an undesirable effect on foetal development.•The nutritional intervention based on NOVA did not impair neonatal anthropometry.•Future research is needed to elucidate whether maternal lifestyle intervention can influence neonatal body composition.
The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and assess the cytotoxic activity of pHsensitive (pHL-Gd), stealth pH-sensitive (SpHL-Gd), and conventional (convL-Gd) liposomes containing ...gadodiamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA).
Formulations were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method and their physicochemical properties were evaluated by means of particle size, zeta potential, and Gd-DTPA-BMA entrapment. SpHL-Gd was considered being the most promising liposome, since it combines stealth and fusogenic characteristics that might contribute to achieve higher therapeutic efficiency. Their drug encapsulation percentages have been optimized satisfactorily. The addition of Gd-DTPA-BMA at 125 μmol/mL in the SpHL-Gd preparation allowed obtaining liposomes with appropriate encapsulation percentage (20.3 ± 0.1%) and entrapment (25.4 ± 0.1 μmol/mL).
The cytotoxic studies on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line demonstrated that liposomes-loaded with Gd-DTPA-BMA inhibited cancer cell. pHL-Gd and SpHL-Gd liposomes showed higher activity than convL-Gd and free Gd-DTPA-BMA, indicating that the pH-sensitive characteristic was important to improve intracellular delivery.
The presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the SpHL-Gd formulation did not affect the pH-sensitivity and internalization. Therefore, the results of this study suggest the feasibility of liposomes containing Gd-DTPA-BMA as a new promising controlled delivery system.
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding ...tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4−/−. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4−/− mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4−/− mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4−/− animals. However, IL-4−/− mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways.
Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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•This original article provides brief knowledge regarding to proteins related to damage tissue and bone resorption area of apical periodontitis in presence and absence of Interleukin-4.•Also provides the potential of IL-4 in endodontic therapy, based on several characteristics, and mainly on its ability to modulate immune response and bone metabolism.
The aim of the present study was investigate the binding affinity of 5-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzoc1,2,5thiadiazole (MTDZ) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We also evaluated the effect of MTDZ ...against scopolamine (SCO)-induced amnesia in mice and we looked at the toxicological potential of this compound in mice. The binding affinity of MTDZ with AChE was investigated by molecular docking analyses. For an experimental model, male Swiss mice were treated daily with MTDZ (10 mg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)) or canola oil (10 ml/kg, i.g.), and induced, 30 min later, with injection of SCO (0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or saline (0.9%, 5 ml/kg, i.p.) daily. From day 1 to day 10, mice were submitted to the behavioral tasks (Barnes maze, open-field, object recognition and location, Y-maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks), 30 min after induction with SCO. On the tenth day, the animals were euthanized and blood was collected for the analysis of biochemical markers (creatinine, aspartate (AST), and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase). MTDZ interacts with residues of the AChE active site. SCO caused amnesia in mice by changing behavioral tasks. MTDZ treatment attenuated the behavioral changes caused by SCO. In ex vivo assay, MTDZ also protected against the alteration of AChE activity, reactive species (RS) levels, thiobarbituric acid reative species (TBARS) levels, catalase (CAT) activity in tissues, as well as in transaminase activities of plasma caused by SCO in mice. In conclusion, MTDZ presented anti-amnesic action through modulation of the cholinergic system and provided protection from kidney and liver damage caused by SCO.
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•Treatment with MTDZ protects cognitive damage caused by SCO in mice.•MTDZ presents dual inhibition activity of AChE, both CAS and PAS.•Treatment with MTDZ protects against AChE alteration on SCO model.•MTDZ protects against damage on liver and kidney caused by SCO in mice.
Introdução: A paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial (PNPB) é uma lesão que compromete a função do membro superior. Nestes casos, órteses de membro superior são utilizadas como recursos terapêuticos ...para favorecer melhor posicionamento e funcionalidade ao membro superior. Objetivo: Identificar e descrever os modelos de órteses para membros superiores em crianças com paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial. Método: Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas fontes de indexação MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker), Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) no idiomas português e inglês, entre os anos de 2010 e 2021. Resultados: Sete estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Foram identificados em maior parte modelos de órteses estáticas. Apenas um estudo foi realizado com órtese dinâmica. Os termoplásticos de baixa temperatura, Neoprene® e Lycra® foram os materiais mais utilizados para confecção das órteses. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que os modelos de órteses estáticas e dinâmicas são recomendados às crianças com paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial. Materiais como termoplásticos, Neoprene® e Lycra® são apresentados como recursos fundamentais para a confecção das órteses. Palavras-chaves: Aparelhos Ortopédicos; Órteses; Plexo Braquial; Paralisia Neonatal do Plexo Braquial.Introdução: A paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial (PNPB) é uma lesão que compromete a função do membro superior. Nestes casos, órteses de membro superior são utilizadas como recursos terapêuticos para favorecer o melhor posicionamento e funcionalidade do membro superior. Objetivo: Identificar e descrever os modelos de órteses para membros superiores utilizadas em crianças com paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial. Método: Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas fontes de indexação MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker), Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) nos idiomas português e inglês, entre os anos de 2010 e 2021. Resultados: Sete estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Foram identificados em maior parte, modelos de órteses estáticas. Apenas um estudo foi realizado com órtese dinâmica. Os termoplásticos de baixa temperatura, o Neoprene® e Lycra® foram os materiais mais utilizados para confecção das órteses. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que os modelos de órteses estáticas e dinâmicas são recomendados às crianças com paralisia neonatal do plexo braquial. Materiais como termoplásticos, Neoprene® e Lycra® são apresentados como recursos fundamentais para a confecção das órteses. Palavras-chaves: Aparelhos Ortopédicos; Órteses; Plexo Braquial; Paralisia Neonatal do Plexo BraquialAbstractIntroduction: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy is an injury that compromises upper limb function. In these cases, upper limb orthoses are used as therapeutic resources to provide better positioning and functionality to the upper limb. Objective: To identify and describe the models of orthoses for the upper limbs in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Method: This study is a narrative review of the literature. Search for studies was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) indexing sources in Portuguese and English languages, between the years 2010 and 2021. Results: Seven studies were included in the review. Mostly static orthosis models were identified. Only one study was performed with dynamic orthoses. Low-temperature thermoplastics, Neoprene® and Lycra® were the most used materials for making orthoses. Conclusion: Findings indicates that static and dynamic orthosis models are recommended for children with brachial plexus neonatal palsy. Materials such as thermoplastics, Neoprene® and Lycra® are presented as fundamental resources for making the orthoses.Keywords: Orthotic devices; Orthosis; Brachial Plexus; Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. ResumenIntroducción: La parálisis neonatal del plexo braquial se define como una lesión que compromete la función del miembro superior. En estos casos, las ortesís de miembro superior se utilizan como recurso terapéutico para favorecer un mejor posicionamiento y funcionalidad del miembro superior. Objetivo: Identificar y describir los modelos de ortesis para miembros superiores en niños con parálisis neonatal del plexo braquial. Método: Este estudio es una revisión narrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda de estudios se realizó en las fuentes de indexación MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker), Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS) en portugués e inglés, entre los años 2010 y 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios en la revisión. Se identificaron la mayoría de los modelos de ortesis estáticas. Solo un estudio se realizó con ortesis dinámica. Los termoplásticos de baja temperatura, Neoprene® y Lycra® fueron los materiales más utilizados para la elaboración de ortesis. Conclusión: La evidencia indica que los modelos ortopédicos estáticos y dinámicos se recomiendan para niños con parálisis neonatal del plexo braquial. Materiales como los termoplásticos, Neoprene® y Lycra® se presentan como recursos fundamentales para la fabricación de ortesis.Palabras clave: Dispositivos Ortopédicos; Ortesis; Plexo braquial; Parálisis Neonatal del Plexo Braquial
The aim of this study was to assess the uterine blood flow (UBF) and corpus luteum blood flow (CLBF) in llamas 8 days post-mating, using color-Doppler ultrasonography (CDU), to determine the possible ...relationship between vascularization and the presence of an embryo. Adult females (
n
= 25) were used to monitor ovarian dynamics by palpation and transrectal ultrasonography until detection of a ≥6 mm growing follicle. Females were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group I (
n
= 19), were mated and ovulation was induced by a single dose of buserelin (GnRH analog) that same day (Day 0); and Group II (
n
= 6), only ovulation was induced (control). On Day 8, UBF and CLBF were evaluated transrectally in both groups. The color-flow images obtained were analyzed with Image J1.52a software to determine the vascularization area and the percentage of corpus luteum with blood flow emission (CLBF%) together with the percentage for each uterine horn (UBF%). Statistical analysis was performed using an ANOVA test. In Group I, uterine flushing was performed to obtain the embryos, thus dividing the females into Group I+ (
n
= 10), when an embryo was recovered and Group I- (
n
= 9), when no embryo was recovered. Embryo recovery rate was 52.63% (10/19). In Group I+, UBF% was significantly higher compared to Group I- and Group II (
P
<0.05). UBF appears to be a good predictor for embryo presence, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 and an optimal cut-off value of 9.37% (with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 88.9%). The CLBF% did not differ between groups (
P
> 0.05). In conclusion, it is possible to detect a local increase of UBF in the presence of an embryo on day 8 post-mating in llamas. This could be useful to achieve an early pregnancy diagnosis or to decide whether to carry out the uterine flushing in a llama embryo transfer program.
Scarce data exist about the impact of age in cervical cancer (CC) patients in the developing world. The objective of the current study was to examine the patterns of care and outcome of elderly ...patients treated in a developing country. Medical records of patients treated from 2006-2009 at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute were reviewed. Patients were divided between women 70 years or older and women younger than 70 years. The χ tests were used and odds ratios were calculated. Survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Single and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used. A total of 1482 patients were analyzed: 1339 patients younger than 70 years and 143 patients 70 years or older. A marked difference in treatment was noted, even after stratifying by disease stage. Only 21% of the older patients underwent surgical treatment compared with 27.6% of the younger. After adjusting for confounding variables, the hazard ratio for death from CC in the elderly was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.36; P = 0.11). These results corroborate previous data from developed countries: elderly patients have more advanced disease at diagnosis, and age is an important factor in the allocation of treatment for patients with CC. Worse outcome seemed to be mainly the result of more advanced stage and treatment allocation rather than age itself.
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