Chemical Constituents from Euphorbia kansui Zhang, Qiao; Zhou, Qin-Rong; Lou, Jian-Wei ...
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland),
12/2017, Letnik:
22, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this research, a new triterpenoid, tirucalla-8,24-diene-3β,11β-diol-7-one (
), and eupha-8,24-diene-3β,11β-diol-7-one (
), which was isolated from
for the first time, together with twelve other ...known compounds (
-
), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of
. Their structures were elucidated based on High resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data. Both constituents
and
exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against colon cancer HCT-116, gastric cancer MKN-45 and breast cancer MCF-7.
•Swimming mitigated mechanical hypersensitivity in rats with PDN.•Rats performing swimming exercise retained higher IENFD.•Swimming exercise may mitigate peripheral nerve degeneration in rats with ...PDN.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of swimming exercise in alleviating mechanical hypersensitivity and peripheral nerve degeneration associated with a pre-clinical model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).
This study is a pre-clinical study conducted using the streptozocin (STZ)-induced PDN rat model. Rats were randomly allocated to three groups: a vehicle group of non-diabetic rats (Vehicle, n = 9), a group of rats with PDN (PDN, n = 8), and a group of rats with PDN that performed a swimming exercise program (PDN-SW, n = 10). The swimming exercise program included daily 30-minute swimming exercise, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Von Frey testing was used to monitor hindpaw mechanical sensitivity over 4 weeks. Assessment of cutaneous peripheral nerve fiber integrity was performed after the 4-week study period via immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5-positive (PGP9.5+) intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in hind-paw skin biopsies by a blinded investigator.
The results showed that swimming exercise mitigated but did not fully reverse mechanical hypersensitivity in rats with PDN. Immunohistochemical testing revealed that the rats in the PDN-SW group retained higher PGP9.5+ IENFD compared to the PDN group but did not reach normal levels of the Vehicle group.
The results of this study indicate that swimming exercise can mitigate mechanical hypersensitivity and degeneration of peripheral nerve fibers in rats with experimental PDN.
Objective
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a preclinical and transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia. The purpose of our study was to investigate the recent pooled global prevalence ...of MCI.
Methods
This meta-analysis was in line with the recommendations of Cochrane’s Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. We conducted a comprehensive search using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WFD, VIP, and CBM from their inception to March 1, 2023. Quality assessment was guided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist. The pooled global prevalence of MCI was synthesized using meta-analysis via random effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine considered factors potentially associated with MCI prevalence.
Results
We identified 233 studies involving 676,974 individuals aged above 50 years. All the studies rated as moderated-to-high quality. The overall prevalence of MCI was 19.7% 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 18.3–21.1%. Subgroup analyses revealed that the global prevalence of MCI increased over time, with a significant rise 32.1% (95% CI: 22.6–41.6%) after 2019. Additionally, MCI prevalence in hospitals 34.0% (95% CI: 22.2–45.7%) was higher than in nursing homes 22.6% (95% CI: 15.5–29.8%) and communities 17.9% (95% CI: 16.6–19.2%), particularly after the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Conclusion
The global prevalence of MCI was 19.7% and mainly correlated with beginning year of survey and sample source. The MCI prevalence increased largely in hospitals after 2019 may be related to the outbreak of COVID-19. Further attention to MCI is necessary in the future to inform allocation of health resources for at-risk populations.
The aim of this study was to identify the combination of patients with dementia and their caregivers' characteristics associated with long-term care (LTC) services usage.
A cross-sectional study was ...conducted with 475 patients with mild, moderate, and severe dementia at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. Eleven types of variables from patients with dementia, nine types of variables from patients' caregivers, and 15 types of LTC services were used for this study. The Apriori algorithm was employed to identify the attributes from the patients and their caregivers who used a particular LTC service from a comprehensive viewpoint.
A total of 75 rules were generated by the Apriori algorithm with support of 2%, confidence of 80%, and lift >1. Among these rules, 25 rules belonged to home personal care services which were summarized further into four general rules for home personal care services. On the other hand, 50 rules belonged to assistive devices that were summarized further into 21 general rules based on their similarities. Patient's walking ability, patient's emotional liability, unemployed or retired caregivers, caregivers' feelings with either helplessness or hopelessness, and caregivers who cared for patients with dementia solely were found to be the critical variables to use home personal care services. In contrast, patient's walking ability, age, and severity as well as caregivers' age, mood, marital status, caregiving burden, and the patient being cared for mainly by a foreign care helper were found to be the critical variables to use assistive devices.
This study showed preliminary results on the LTC service usage from patients with dementia and their caregivers residing in the community. Understanding the patient-caregiver dyad's profile leads the service providers, policymakers, and the referral team to tailor service provisions better to meet the needs and identify the potential target groups. The findings in this study serve as references to reduce caregivers' burden as well as to improve the quality of care for patients with dementia.
This article presents a 0.56/0.8 V multimode vision sensor for temporal and spatial information extraction with processing in sensor (PIS) technique. The proposed six transistors and one capacitor ...(6T1C) temporal contrast pixel (TCP) structure using the exposure compensation scheme (ECS) can realize in-pixel temporal contrast calculation and motion event reporting (ER) with global shutter exposure and seamless frame difference (FD) based on the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) operation. In addition, the column-parallel local binary pattern (LBP) extraction provides further spatial feature information without the power-consuming analog-to-digital conversion to meet the power-efficient requirement for always-on-edge devices. According to the temporal and spatial information extracted from FD and LBP modes, this work realizes the PIS operations for dynamic depth calculation of a stereo vision system, which filters out the static scene and provides the depth information of the dynamic objects only. To further alleviate the data transfer bandwidth, the region of interest (ROI) capability is also embedded in the sensor for data windowing and object locating. The prototyped vision sensor was fabricated in TSMC's standard 0.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math> </inline-formula>m CMOS process and verified. The vision sensor provides five operating modes that can adapt to different tasks, which include the raw image mode (IM), FD mode, ER mode, LBP mode, and ROI mode. The measurement results show a maximum frame rate of 540/819/540 frames/s at a power consumption of 390/162.6/151.9 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math> </inline-formula>W with an achieved iFoM of 45.5/12.5/17.7 pJ/pixel<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\cdot</tex-math> </inline-formula>frame in IM/ER/LBP mode, respectively.
The biological metal-organic framework (Bio-MOF) is utilized to modify the carbonaceous electrode for the vanadium redox flow batteries. The microwave solvothermal method prepared the cobalt-based ...Bio-MOF on a graphite felt (GF) surface. Then, the nitrogen-doping graphite and porous structure formation were completed simultaneously during the carbonization process. Finally, electrochemical activation was conducted to remove cobalt metal from the GF electrode and raise the concentration of oxygen-containing functional group active sites. By in-situ Raman spectroscopy, the increase of disordered graphitic lattices could be observed by raising the potential from 0.6 V to 1.6 V. The microwave solvothermal method and electrochemical activation can effectively shorten the treatment time compared with the traditional solvothermal method and acidic etching processes. Among the carbonization parameters for Bio-MOF-covered GFs, maintaining the temperature at 900 °C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere is the most suitable. The annealed sample after electrochemical activation (BMDGF-900EA) displays 73.7 % energy efficiency at 120 mA cm−2 and possesses a 90 % retention rate of efficiency after 250 cycles at 180 mA cm−2. The superior performance results from more catalytic active sites, hydrophilic surface features, and larger specific surface area prove that this modification method derived from Bio-MOF indeed provides a novel and potential way to improve the VRFB performance.
•This method achieves nitrogen-doping and surface etching simultaneously.•In-situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the process of electrochemical activation.•Microwave method and electrochemical activation shorten the process time.•BMDGF-92EA shows superior activity through nitrogen-doping and oxygen groups.•VRFB with BMDGF-92EA electrode exhibits outstanding efficiency and capacity.
An immunosensor based on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was explored to detect human parathyroid hormone (PTH). The SPCEs that were modified with nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticle ...(AuNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were successfully prepared using electrochemical deposition. With theses SPCEs, we explored the fabrication of a novel, disposable and sensitive immunosensor comprising nanocomposite, antibody, and horseradish peroxidase. The nanocomposite such as AuNP and MWCNT not only provided a large surface area for antibody immobilization, but it also enhanced the electrochemical signal on the modified SPCE. The nanocomposite modified SPCE was characterized in detail.The label-free impedimetric and amperometric measurements were not affected by interference from the components presented in serum. This PTH immunosensor showed the detection limit of 0.033 and 0.092 pg/mL for impedimetric and amperometric methods. We provided a quick analysis of PTH in serum, which can potentially be used as the electrochemical immunosensing platform for point-of-care testing.
•A novel immunosensor based on SPCE was explored for the detection of human PTH.•This quick analysis of PTH in serum can be used as a label-free immunosensor platform for point-of-care testing.•This sensor showed good stability, fast detection, and low detection limit.
Current surveillance strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ...performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and their combinations in HCC underlying NAFLD patients.
Serologic AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II levels in NAFLD patients with and without HCC were measured. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were obtained to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker and their combinations.
This study was conducted on 139 patients with NAFLD-HCC and 345 NAFLD controls. The elevation of these three biomarkers was observed in patients with NAFLD-HCC compared to those in NAFLD controls (all P < 0.001). When they were analyzed individually, PIVKA-II showed the best performance in diagnosing any-stage HCC with an AUC of 0.869, followed by AFP (0.763; vs. PIVKA-II, P < 0.001) and AFP-L3 (0.689; vs. PIVKA-II, P < 0.001). When they were analyzed in combination, AFP + PIVKA-II yielded the highest AUC (0.906), followed by AFP + PIVKA-II + AFP-L3 (0.904; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P = 0.086), PIVKA-II + AFP-L3 (0.881; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P < 0.001), and AFP + AFP-L3 (0.759; vs. AFP + PIVKA-II, P < 0.001). Similar findings were obtained in the subgroup with early-stage NAFLD-HCC, as well as the non-cirrhotic subgroup.
These data validated the better diagnostic ability of PIVKA-II than AFP or AFP-L3 alone for diagnosing any-stage HCC among patients with NAFLD, and the combination of AFP + PIVKA-II significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of NAFLD-HCC.
Abstract
Background
Nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD), which is prevalent among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), is considerably different from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in terms of the ...pathological features, treatment strategy and prognosis. Although renal biopsy is the current gold-standard diagnostic method, it cannot be routinely performed due to a range of risks. The aim of this study was to explore the predictors for differentiating NDKD from DKD to meet the urgent medical needs of patients who cannot afford kidney biopsy.
Methods
This is a retrospective study conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with type 2 DM who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between January 2017 and May 2021. The demographic data, clinical data, blood test results, and pathological examination results of the patients were obtained from their medical records. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for NDKD.
Results
A total of 244 patients were analyzed. The median age at biopsy was 55 (46, 62) years. Patients diagnosed with true DKD, those diagnosed with NDKD and those diagnosed with NDKD superimposed DKD represented 48.36% (118/244), 45.9% (112/244) and 5.74% (14/244), respectively, of the patient population. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most common type of lesion in those with NDKD (59, 52.68%) and NDKD superimposed DKD (10, 71.43%). Independent predictive indicators for diagnosing NDKD included a DM duration of less than 5 years (odds ratio OR = 4.476; 95% confidence interval CI: 2.257–8.877;
P
< 0.001), an absence of diabetic retinopathy (OR = 4.174; 95% CI: 2.049–8.502;
P
< 0.001), a high RBC count (OR = 1.901; 95% CI: 1.251–2.889;
P
= 0.003), and a negative of urinary glucose excretion test result (OR = 2.985; 95% CI: 1.474–6.044;
P
= 0.002)..
Conclusions
A DM duration less than 5 years, an absence of retinopathy, a high RBC count and an absence of urinary glucose excretion were independent indicators for the diagnosis of NDKD, suggesting that patients with NDKD may require a different treatment regimen than those with DKD.
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