Core@shell structures have been attracting extensive attention to boost microwave absorption (MA) performance due to the unique interfacial polarization. However, it still remains a challenge to ...synthesize sophisticated 1D semiconductor‐based materials with excellent MA competence. Herein, a hierarchical cable‐like TiO2@Fe3O4@PPy is fabricated by a sequential process of solvothermal treatment and polymerization. The complex permittivity of ternary composites can be optimized by tunable PPy coating thickness to improve the loss ability. The maximum reflection loss can reach −61.8 dB with a thickness of 3.2 mm while the efficient absorption bandwidth can achieve over 6.0 GHz, which involves the X and Ku band at only a 2.2 mm thickness. Importantly, the heterojunction contacts constructed by PPy–Fe3O4 and Fe3O4–TiO2 contribute to the enhanced polarization loss. Besides, the configuration of magnetic Fe3O4 sandwiched between dielectric TiO2 and PPy facilitates the magnetic stray field to radiate into the TiO2 core and out of the PPy shell, which significantly promotes magnetic–dielectric synergy. Electron holography validates the distinct charge distribution and magnetic coupling. The new findings might shed light on novel structures for functional core@shell composites and the design of semiconductor‐based materials for microwave absorption.
Hierarchical core@shell TiO2@Fe3O4@PPy is well‐optimized to exhibit tunable broadband microwave absorption owing to the improved dielectricity and magnetism. The heterojunction contacts constructed by semiconductors contribute to boosted interfacial polarization while the controllable PPy thickness is conducive to regulation of the conductivity. This engineered strategy provides inspirations for functional core@shell materials in various applications.
With the advancement of computer-based testing, log file data has drawn considerable attention from researchers. Although emerging studies have begun to explore log file data, there is a gap in the ...exploitation of log file data for capturing and understanding participants' cognitive processes. The debate on how to maximize insights from log file data has not yet reached a consensus. Therefore, we present this protocol for a scoping review that aims to characterize the application of log file data in current publications, including the data pre-processing techniques, analytical methodologies, and theoretical frameworks used by researchers. This review will also aim to illuminate how log file data can enhance psychological and educational assessments. Our findings will highlight the opportunities and challenges presented by log file data as an emerging and essential source of evidence for future advancements in psychological and educational assessment.
The low response rate and adaptive resistance of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade demands the studies on novel therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. We discovered that a novel immune checkpoint TIGIT ...expressed higher than PD‐1 in many tumors especially anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumors. Here, mirror‐image phage display bio‐panning was performed using the d‐enantiomer of TIGIT synthesized by hydrazide‐based native chemical ligation. d‐peptide DTBP‐3 was identified, which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR. DTBP‐3 showed proteolytic resistance, tumor tissue penetrating ability, and significant tumor suppressing effects in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. More importantly, DTBP‐3 could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumor model. This is the first d‐peptide targeting TIGIT, which could serve as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
The d‐peptide DTBP‐3 was identified, which could effectively block TIGIT/PVR interaction. DTBP‐3 could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumor model and could serve as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
The oxide perovskite family holds great promise for diverse applications on account of their unique chemical and physical properties. However, owing to the inadequate Li+‐storage sites, the ...insertion‐type perovskite anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are limited. A‐site deficient perovskites with rich intrinsic vacancies and ion transport channels are believed to be the desirable hosts of superior Li+ storage. Herein, the perovskite Li0.1La0.3NbO3 (LLNO) is designed and demonstrated as the remarkable anode for LIBs with a high specific capacity, a safe operating voltage, an excellent rate performance, and a long cycling life. More importantly, the outstanding cycling stability of LLNO is originated from its low strain characteristic with a maximum volume change of only 1.17%. The exceptional rate performance can be explained by the unconventional Li+ transport pathways with external → grain boundaries → lattice deficiencies. These results not only reveal that A‐site deficient perovskite LLNO is a promising anode for LIBs but also provide fundamental insights into the Li+ ions transport mechanism, facilitating the development of high‐performance perovskite anodes.
A‐site deficient perovskite Li0.1La0.3NbO3 is designed as the anode for Li+ storage, exhibiting high reversible capacity, safe operating potential, excellent rate, and cycling performance. The maximum volume change is only 1.17%, showing a low strain characteristic. The fast Li+ transport pathways with external → grain boundaries → lattice deficiencies are demonstrated, which leads to excellent electrochemical performance.
“Zero‐strain” materials with little lattice strain and volume change during long‐term cycling are ideal electrode choices for long‐life lithium‐ion batteries. However, the very limited “zero‐strain” ...materials explored generally show small capacities (<200 mAh g−1), and the origin of “zero‐strain” is still unclear. Here, Na2Ca(VO3)4 (NCVO) nanowires are explored as a new anode material capable of keeping single‐phase‐transition “zero‐strain” during large‐capacity (381 mAh g−1) Li+ intercalation. NCVO owns a crystal structure with isolated V4O124− tetracycles separated by large‐sized NaO6 octahedra and CaO8 square antiprism decahedra, generating large‐sized quadrilateral and hexagonal channels (≈3.6 Å). During lithiation, two‐electron transfer per vanadium is accomplished, introducing a large amount of Li+ into interstitial sites and increasing the size of reduced vanadium ions. The former and latter expansion effects are eliminated by the superior volume‐buffering capabilities of the sufficiently large interstitial sites and electrochemical inactive Na‐/Ca‐based polyhedra, respectively, thus achieving “zero‐strain” with the maximum volume variation of only 0.039% and mean strain of only 0.060%. Therefore, the NCVO nanowires exhibit exceptional cyclic stability, as demonstrated by 93.8%/93.2%/94.7% capacity retention over 2000/2000/7000 cycles at 1C/2C/10C. The understanding of the crystal‐structural features for “zero‐strain” provides a guide for the future designs of “zero‐strain” energy‐storage materials.
Single‐phase‐transition “zero‐strain” and a large reversible capacity (381 mAh g−1) harmoniously coexist in a new Na2Ca(VO3)4‐nanowire Li+‐storage material. Due to the volume‐buffering capabilities of the large interstitial sites and electrochemical inactive Na‐/Ca‐based polyhedra in Na2Ca(VO3)4, its volume variation and lattice strain are the smallest among the explored Li+‐storage materials, leading to its excellent cyclic stability for thousands of cycles.
Rydberg atom receiver attracts much research interest for promising applications in communications and sensing. Generally, Rydberg atomic receiver is utilized with microwave frequency comb (MFC) to ...expand its detectable frequency range. MFC consists of a set of equally spaced discrete frequency lines, resembling a comb in frequency space. In such receives, the mixing of RF signal and its closest MFC component excites the atoms into the desired Rydberg state. Since the mixing rather than RF signal is detected, there exists inevitable ambiguity of frequency estimation. In this paper, we provide a novel frequency ambiguity resolution based on improved Chinese remainder theorem (I-CRT). It realizes the instantaneous frequency estimation of RF signal with the MFC-based Rydberg atomic receiver. The effectiveness of proposed resolution in this paper is verified by both simulation experiments and theoretical analysis.
Silicon photonics is promising for artificial neural networks computing owing to its superior interconnect bandwidth, low energy consumption and scalable fabrication. However, the lack of ...silicon-integrated and monitorable optical neurons limits its revolution in large-scale artificial neural networks. Here, we highlight nonlinear germanium-silicon photodiodes to construct on-chip optical neurons and a self-monitored all-optical neural network. With specifically engineered optical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical responses, the proposed neuron merges the all-optical activation and non-intrusive monitoring functions in a compact footprint of 4.3 × 8 μm
. Experimentally, a scalable three-layer photonic neural network enables in situ training and learning in object classification and semantic segmentation tasks. The performance of this neuron implemented in a deep-scale neural network is further confirmed via handwriting recognition, achieving a high accuracy of 97.3%. We believe this work will enable future large-scale photonic intelligent processors with more functionalities but simplified architecture.
Hydrogen fuel cells have emerged as promising, potentially renewable energy-based, energy conversion technologies for powering electric vehicles. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ...at the cathode has remained a longstanding challenge and requires the design of nonplatinum electrocatalysts with high activity and, ideally, low cost. Here, we present a combinatorial study of Pd–Cu thin-film electrodes with well-defined composition and structures, prepared by magnetron sputtering, as a fast method for assessing the ORR activity of binary alloys. This represents a facile catalyst screening method, using replaceable glassy carbon disk electrodes, which enables the rapid and reliable evaluation of ORR activity using standard rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements. Among nine Pd–Cu alloys, Pd50Cu50 was identified as the most promising composition for the ORR and employed as a target for nanoparticle synthesis. The PdCu nanoparticles, supported on carbon, achieved a mass-specific and surface-specific activity, 3 and 2.5 times, respectively, as high as Pd/C in 1 M KOH. PdCu/C further exhibited an impressive durability with only 3 and 13 mV negative shifts in the half-wave potential after 20000 and 100000 potential cycles, respectively. The combinatorial approach guiding the nanoparticle synthesis, described herein, provides an optimized high-throughput screening method for other binary or ternary alloys as fuel cell electrocatalysts.
Objective
The study aims to discuss the longitudinal impact of the parent-teacher relationship on students’ academic achievements in China.
Method
Based on the China Education Panel Survey, covering ...the data from 438 classes of 112 schools in 28 county-level administrative areas in China, we used the hierarchical linear model to analyze the data.
Results
We found that the parents’ active communication with teachers, parents’ participation in parent meetings, teachers’ active contact, whether parents are afraid to communicate with teachers, and parents’ willingness to participate in parent meetings have significant relationships with students’ academic achievements. At the class level, the extent of teachers’ stress from parents’ requests and teachers’ perception of respect from parents also affected students’ academic achievements significantly in the Chinese context.
Conclusion
There was a longitudinal association between the parent-teacher relationship and students’ academic achievements. The practical implication was discussed in the paper.
Self-healing gels are emerging as promising materials for various human-interfaced applications. Unveiling microscopic processes for self-healing gels is crucial for not only understanding ...self-healing mechanisms but also guiding material design, which is, however, hardly achieved because of the lack of direct and effective approaches. Herein, covalent bond-induced emission of AIEgen is, for the first time, utilized for establishing a fluorescence turn-on strategy to visualize microscope processes for self-healing gels. Such strategy allows the in situ monitoring of gelation and self-healing processes with extremely low background. Besides, the fluorescence also endows self-healing gels with diverse emission, especially white-light emission. By coding these multicolor fluorescent self-healing gels, fluorescent codes with a stealth effect are successfully fabricated with features of stretchability, wearability, reusability, and diversity, performing superiorly in anticounterfeiting. These results give rise to a deep insight into self-healing mechanism and will potentially boost the development of new multifunctional self-healing gels.
