In today's rapidly developing technological era, the technological revolution triggered by the rapid iteration of artificial intelligence and augmented reality has provided brand-new digital ...intelligent empowerment for orthopaedic clinical operation. Although traditional arthroscopy has been widely promoted globally due to its advantages such as minimally invasive, safety and early functional exercise, it still has deficiencies in precision and personalization. The assistance of artificial intelligence and augmented reality enables precise positioning and navigation in arthroscopic surgery, as well as personalized operations based on patient conditions, which lifts the objective limitations of traditional sports medicine surgery. The integration of artificial intelligence and augmented reality with orthopaedic arthroscopy surgery is still in infancy, even though there are still some insufficient to be solved, but its prospect is bright.
High-order chromatin structure plays important roles in gene expression regulation. Knowledge of the dynamics of 3D chromatin structures during mammalian embryo development remains limited. We report ...the 3D chromatin architecture of mouse gametes and early embryos using an optimized Hi-C method with low-cell samples. We find that mature oocytes at the metaphase II stage do not have topologically associated domains (TADs). In sperm, extra-long-range interactions (>4 Mb) and interchromosomal interactions occur frequently. The high-order structures of both the paternal and maternal genomes in zygotes and two-cell embryos are obscure but are gradually re-established through development. The establishment of the TAD structure requires DNA replication but not zygotic genome activation. Furthermore, unmethylated CpGs are enriched in A compartment, and methylation levels are decreased to a greater extent in A compartment than in B compartment in embryos. In summary, the global reprogramming of chromatin architecture occurs during early mammalian development.
Display omitted
•Extra-long-range interactions along the genome are more frequent in sperm•3D chromatin structures undergo global reprogramming during embryo development•Unmethylated CpGs and DNA demethylation are associated with chromatin structures•TAD establishment requires DNA replication but not zygotic genome activation
A comparative resource lays out the distinct conformational chromatin dynamics for mammalian sperm, oocytes, and early embryos.
Maintaining and expanding protected areas (PAs) can benefit humans and the rest of nature, but also has direct management and opportunity costs. Assessing this trade-off can benefit from valuing ...ecosystem services (ESs). The gross value of a subset of ESs provided by China's existing terrestrial PAs, which cover 18% of China's land, was conservatively estimated at $2.64 trillion/yr (US$2017). This is 15 and 14 times the basic conservation costs (for preventing current ESs and biodiversity from deteriorating) and optimised conservation costs (for potentially improving ESs and biodiversity), respectively. China is committed to drawing an ‘eco-redline’ (the natural terrestrial space that has important ESs, biodiversity, vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, and enforced strict conservation) to protect 25% of its lands. If the ‘eco-redline’ was to conserve 25% of China's terrestrial water retention, soil retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, the gross value of those conserved regulating ESs would be $4.83 trillion/yr. This is 20 and 18 times the basic and optimised conservation costs, respectively. These results indicate that, the arguments that conservation constrains economic development and increases ecosystem disservices are not tenable. The results make clear the interconnections between conservation and the economy, and that true economic development is improvement of sustainable wellbeing - not merely growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Display omitted
•Protected areas (PAs) conserve and provide various ecosystem services (ESs).•PAs safeguard the wellbeing of people and the planet in the long term.•A subset of ESs of China's terrestrial PAs were valued to be US$2.64 trillion/yr.•A subset of ESs of China's ‘eco-redline’ were valued to be US$4.83 trillion/yr.•The ES values of both the PAs and ‘eco-redline’ exceed 14 times conservation costs.
Display omitted
•This paper aims to inform the management of protected areas’ land use trade-offs.•Valuing ecosystem services of China’s nationwide protected areas can aid management.•Assessing ...environmental impacts can benefit from valuing ecosystem services.•Payment for ecosystem services schemes need to cover non-marketable cultural services.
This review paper is aimed at providing decision makers and researchers with information on applying ecosystem service valuation (ESV) to better manage land use trade-offs associated with China’s protected areas (PAs). PAs are a key source of ecosystem services (ESs) and therefore crucial to human wellbeing and sustainable development. The Chinese government is now improving PA management but faces several land use trade-offs, including the expansion of PAs, and balancing conservation with tourism and local livelihood development. The benefits and costs of conservation have not been comprehensively weighed up on environmental, socioeconomic and cultural aspects, so it is unclear if expanding nationwide PAs and enhancing tourism development would generate greater benefits or costs. While cost-based payment for ESs schemes have been developed to address the trade-off between conservation and local livelihoods, current schemes often neglect financial compensation for the local people’s loss of non-marketable cultural ESs. To further address these trade-offs, ESV is integral as it allows for a better understanding of the production and value of ESs provided by PAs. Research is needed to value the ESs of PAs, especially non-marketable cultural ESs to local people, and to comprehensively assess costs and benefits of tourism development in PAs.
Ma2 and Ma3 hydrocarbon source rock samples from the Fengcheng Formation in well Maye 1, Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, were studied using conventional geochemical analysis methods and saturated ...hydrocarbon gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The distribution patterns, abundance, relative content, and ratios of different carbon compounds of tricyclic terpane in hydrocarbon source rocks from fresh-to-mildly-saline (type I), moderately saline (type II), and saline (type III) water environments significantly differed. The C28–C29TT/C30H and C19–C29TT/C30H ratios were the lowest in the type I hydrocarbon source rock. The relative ratios of C23TT/C21TT, C25TT/C24TT, C28TT/C26TT, (C23–C26TT)/(C19–C22TT), and (C28–C29TT)/(C19–C22TT) gradually increased with the increase in the salinity of the hydrocarbon source rock. The percentage of low-carbon tricyclic terpanes gradually decreased to 28%, whereas those of the medium- and high-carbon tricyclic terpanes increased to 52% and 20%, respectively. The differences in triterpane types of different hydrocarbon source rocks were mainly controlled by the depositional environment. The primary factor that controlled the distribution pattern; relative abundance, especially the high carbon tricyclic terpane content; and differences in the relative ratio of different carbon compounds in different hydrocarbon source rocks was the salinity of the ancient waterbody during deposition.
Recently proposed organic flash cycles maintain lower irreversibility in the evaporator than traditional organic Rankine cycles. This study presented a novel combined heat and power system that was ...based on a regenerative organic flash cycle, in order to improve thermal efficiency. Parametric analyses for the proposed combined heat and power system were carried out, using six working fluids, and performed with heat source temperatures and heat sink temperatures that ranged from 130 °C to 170 °C, and from 20 °C to 40 °C, respectively. The results showed that the preferable working fluid was altered, with a change in the operating condition. Isopentane, R1234ze(Z), R1233zd(E), and R245fa performed better at a cooling water temperature of 20 °C. The system that used R245fa showed more promising performance when the heat source temperatures were set to 150 °C and 160 °C. R365mfc was determined to be the best working fluid at a heat source temperature of 150 °C, and at cooling water temperatures of 30–40 °C. Finally, the analyses evaluated the year-round system performance on the basis of monthly ambient and water temperatures in Daegu, Korea, as the system’s parameters. Compared to the single regenerative organic flash cycle, the thermal efficiency of the novel system improved significantly, from 8.37 % to 32.80% in August, and to 74.34% in February.
We present some formulae related to the Chern-Ricci curvatures and scalar curvatures of special Hermitian metrics. We prove that a compact locally conformal Kähler manifold with constant nonpositive ...holomorphic sectional curvature is Kähler. We also give examples of complete non-Kähler metrics with pointwise negative constant but not globally constant holomorphic sectional curvature, and complete non-Kähler metrics with zero holomorphic sectional curvature and nonvanishing curvature tensors.
Identifying genomic regions with hypervariable ChIP-seq or ATAC-seq signals across given samples is essential for large-scale epigenetic studies. In particular, the hypervariable regions across ...tumors from different patients indicate their heterogeneity and can contribute to revealing potential cancer subtypes and the associated epigenetic markers. We present HyperChIP as the first complete statistical tool for the task. HyperChIP uses scaled variances that account for the mean-variance dependence to rank genomic regions, and it increases the statistical power by diminishing the influence of true hypervariable regions on model fitting. A pan-cancer case study illustrates the practical utility of HyperChIP.
Terminology frames reality and affects how people perceive and respond to it. What makes the global climate situation concerning is not simply a change in climate, but the anthropogenic change, in ...addition to natural climate variations, occurring at a rapid rate relative to the pre-industrial era. However, in general language, “climate change” does not differentiate itself from natural climate variations nor reflect the rate of change. Based on theoretical reasoning, this paper argues that “climate upheaval” frames and communicates the global climate situation more informatively. This is because “climate upheaval” highlights the additional change at a rapid rate, which is crucial for (1) describing and informing the current climate status, (2) understanding the impacts of climate on natural, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects, and (3) taking climate actions. This argument can serve as a hypothesis for future exploration. Specific questions for empirical tests may include: How do people interpret “climate upheaval” and “climate change”? Do people prefer “climate upheaval”, and why? Is the intended message of “climate upheaval” different from people’s perceptions? As certain terms may offer more utility and information than others, it is important to weigh the advantages and drawbacks of different terms. Strategies aimed at reducing potential confusion and misunderstanding associated with "climate upheaval" may include providing scientific clarification, establishing communication channels, and conducting public education on this term. Terminology does not solely represent scientific labels but also carries significant social and cultural implications, encompassing public perceptions, social mobilization, policymaking, governance, negotiations, and international initiatives.
•Terminology frames reality and influences people’s perceptions of climate.•The term “climate change” does not differentiate itself from natural climate variations.•“Climate upheaval” seeks to emphasize the anthropogenically accelerated change in climate.•The rate of change matters to the status, impacts, and mitigation measures of climate.•Changes in terminology can lead to significant social and cultural implications.
Brain structural circuitry shapes a richly patterned functional synchronization, supporting for complex cognitive and behavioural abilities. However, how coupling of structural connectome (SC) and ...functional connectome (FC) develops and its relationships with cognitive functions and transcriptomic architecture remain unclear. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data from 439 participants aged 5.7–21.9 years to predict functional connectivity by incorporating intracortical and extracortical structural connectivity, characterizing SC–FC coupling. Our findings revealed that SC–FC coupling was strongest in the visual and somatomotor networks, consistent with evolutionary expansion, myelin content, and functional principal gradient. As development progressed, SC–FC coupling exhibited heterogeneous alterations dominated by an increase in cortical regions, broadly distributed across the somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks. Moreover, we discovered that SC–FC coupling significantly predicted individual variability in general intelligence, mainly influencing frontoparietal and default mode networks. Finally, our results demonstrated that the heterogeneous development of SC–FC coupling is positively associated with genes in oligodendrocyte-related pathways and negatively associated with astrocyte-related genes. This study offers insight into the maturational principles of SC–FC coupling in typical development.
PDF
