We present a detailed discussion on the doubly charmed baryon
Ξ
cc
production at the RHIC and LHC via the proton–nucleus (
p
–N) and nucleus–nucleus (N–N) collision modes. The extrinsic charm ...mechanism via the subprocesses
g
+
c
→
(
c
c
)
n
+
c
¯
and
c
+
c
→
(
c
c
)
n
+
g
together with the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism via the subprocess
g
+
g
→
(
c
c
)
n
+
c
¯
+
c
¯
have been taken into consideration, where the intermediate diquark is in
n
=
1
S
0
6
-state or
3
S
1
3
¯
-state, respectively. Total and differential cross sections have been discussed under various collision energies. To compare with the
Ξ
cc
production via proton-proton collision mode at the LHC, we observe that sizable
Ξ
cc
events can also be generated via
p
–N and N–N collision modes at the RHIC and LHC. For examples, about
8.1
×
10
7
and
6.7
×
10
7
Ξ
cc
events can be accumulated in
p
-Pb and Pb-Pb collision modes at the LHC within one operation year.
Basing on the systems of linear partial differential equations derived from Mellin-Barnes representations and Miller's transformation, we obtain GKZ-hypergeometric systems of one-loop self energy, ...one-loop triangle, two-loop vacuum, and two-loop sunset diagrams, respectively. The codimension of derived GKZ-hypergeometric system equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the external momentum squared and virtual mass squared. Taking GKZ-hypergeometric systems of one-loop self energy, massless one-loop triangle, and two-loop vacuum diagrams as examples, we present in detail how to perform triangulation and how to construct canonical series solutions in the corresponding convergent regions. The series solutions constructed for these hypergeometric systems recover the well known results in literature.
•All-solid-state complementary ITO/WO3/Ta2O5/NiO/ITO ECD.•UV curing LiClO4+PC+UV as a solid electrolyte.•NiO is an auxiliary layer for a complementary ECD.•ECD deposited by ion-beam assisted ...electron-beam evaporation
This research investigates the optical, nanostructure, electrochemical, and binding-energy performances of a Nickel Oxide (NiO) auxiliary layer for a complementary ultraviolet (UV)-cured all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD). The complementary ITO/WO3/Ta2O5/Electrolyte/NiO/ITO ECD was separated into two sub-modules, one being the colored NiO anode, the other being the colored WO3 cathode. These were combined using UV curing LiClO4+PC+UV glue as a solid electrolyte. The NiO film was deposited by ion-beam assisted (IAD) electron-beam evaporation under different oxygen flow rates ranging from 5 to 20 sccm, and the evaporation formed columnar nanostructures that allowed the Li+ ions to enter and leave. These experimental results exhibited location shifts for the binding-energy of Ni3d and O1s has the blue shift at the oxygen flow far away of 15 sccm. Depositing the NiO film under an oxygen flow of 15 sccm (111) showed the highest color/bleach variation of ΔT=45.9%@550nm, the greatest cyclic voltammetry (CV) cladding area of Q=31.39 mC, an alternating current (AC) impedance of 28 kΩ, and an ionic conduction rate of 4.46×10−7 S cm−1. The columnar NiO film deposited using IAD electron-beam evaporation has the potential to be used as an auxiliary layer for an all-solid-state ECD.
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The hybrid electrode of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/Cu2O/ZnO nanorods (NRs)/graphene used on the current-response nonenzymatic glucose sensor was investigated herein, regarding the ...mechanism of the formation of functional channel. The synthesis of the hybrid electrode involved four steps. First, the graphene was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and then wet-transferred onto indium transparent oxide (ITO) glass. Second, a zinc oxide (ZnO) seed layer was sputtered onto the graphene/ITO glass, and ZnO NRs were gradually grown by the hydrothermal method. Third, the ZnO NRs were clad with cuprous oxide (Cu2O) by the electrochemical method. Fourth, the SWCNTs were dropped onto the Cu2O surface, with a Nafion surfactant. X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy spectra, Raman spectra, cyclic voltammograms, and amperometric response diagrams were used to verify the performance of the device. Results showed that sensitivity increased significantly from 11.2 to 289.8 μA mM–1 cm–2, linear range increased significantly from 0.6 to 11.1 mM, and the coefficient of determination (R 2) increased from 0.9766 to 0.9923, all by the addition of the SWCNTs/Cu2O functional channel mechanism and without graphene. When the graphene was added to the functional channel electrode, sensitivity increased again from 289.8 to 466.1 μA mM–1 cm–2 at low concentrations.
•Three multilayer films are deposited on flexible substrates with ion-beam assisted deposition.•A phase-shifting shadow moiré interferometer used to measure the residual stress.•The different ...relative elasticity could potentially be used for stress relief.•The anisotropic stress of these multilayer films are analyzed with Mohr circle method.
This study simulates and tests various prototype multi-layer films on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) substrates. The optical and stress response properties of three commonly used optoelectronic anti-reflector (AR) coatings (TiO2/SiO2)2, (Ta2O5/SiO2)2 and (Nb2O5/SiO2)2 were determined. A lab-designed phase-shifting shadow moiré interferometer and Mohr circle approach were used to collect and interpret data. Results showed that the refractive indices of the four different dielectric films were 2.24(TiO2) > 2.23(Nb2O5) > 2.1(Ta2O5) > 1.44(SiO2). The transmittances of the three different AR coatings, in decreasing order, were 95.28%(Ta2O5/SiO2)2 > 94.86%(TiO2/SiO2)2 > 94.03%(Nb2O5/SiO2)2. The maximum shear stress of three different AR coatings, in decreasing size, were (Nb2O5/SiO2)2 > (Ta2O5/SiO2)2 > (TiO2/SiO2)2, for both the PET and PC substrate; however, the maximum principal stresses of three different AR coatings were tensors for the PET substrate, and compressive for the PC substrate. The principal stresses recorded were -916 MPa (Nb2O5/SiO2)2 > 438 MPa (Ta2O5/SiO2)2 > 346 MPa (TiO2/SiO2)2 for PET, and -951 MPa (Nb2O5/SiO2)2 > -838 MPa (Ta2O5/SiO2)2 > -766 MPa (TiO2/SiO2)2 for PC. The different elasticity moduli (ΔE) and relative elasticity between the different film layers may potentially be used to mitigate stress relief in multilayer coatings.
•Stress mechanism investigated for the dielectric films of SiO2, TiO2, Ta2O5 and Nb2O5.•Dielectric films deposited on PET and PC substrate for anisotropic stress investigation.•The anisotropic stress ...of dielectric films was analyzed with Mohr circle method.•Finite element method numerical simulated intrinsic stress for the dielectric films.•High-order polynomial fitting curvature could reduce the stress error within 2.47 %.
In this study, an investigation was made into the optical and stress properties of four dielectric films: silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). This was because they are commonly used in the optoelectronic and semiconductor devices. The classification of these stress properties includes tensor & compressive, thermal & intrinsic, and principal & shearing. The stress mechanism of these dielectric films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) flexible substrates with ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) was investigated by the finite element method (FEM). Meanwhile, the equivalent room temperature (ERT) of FEM was used for the analysis of the intrinsic stresses, and then the methods of home-made phase-shifting shadow moiré interferometer and Mohr circle were employed to analyze the anisotropic principal and shearing stresses. The results demonstrated that the residual stress of these dielectric films could get broken on the PC flexible substrate. However, only all of the SiO2/PC films were measured. Also, the residual stress on PET flexible substrate could change from the tensile stress to the compressive one when the thickness of the film increased. However, only all of the Ta2O5/PET films got compressed when the film thickness increased. Therefore, the anisotropic stress of the four dielectric films on the PET substrate suggests that both the maximum principal and shearing stresses should be Ta2O5>TiO2≥Nb2O5>SiO2. They are proportion to Q (elastic-energy/mole). The FEM method combined with the high-order polynomial fitting curvature could obtain the intrinsic stress and yield the error within 2.47 %.
We present an approach to analyze the scalar integrals of any Feynman diagrams in detail here. This method not only completely recovers some well-known results in the literature, but also produces ...some new results on the C0 function. The approach can be employed to evaluate the coefficient of arbitrary power of ε in the expansion of a scalar integral, where D=4−2ε denotes the time–space dimension.
The modulation of the organic Fabry-Perot electrodes was considered to develop the selective color-gamut perovskite (PVK) solar cells, and the solution-based processes were used to develop large, ...rapid and economic colorful solar cells referred to as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. An planar p-i-n perovskite solar cell structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/PCBM/Ag/PCBM/Ag were synthesized with different precursor concentrations ranging from 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, to 1.75 M. The selective color-gamut for Fabry-Perot electrodes was simulated with different thickness of n-type PCBM and p-type PEDOT:PSS. The results showed that the surface coverage increased from 48.91% to 54.47% when the precursor concentration increased from 0.75 to 1.5 M. However, the surface coverage reduced to 47.05% when the precursor concentration was 1.75 M. The color gamut of the PCBM cavity was more reddish than that of PEDOT:PSS cavity in the CIE1931 colorimetric diagram, and the color gamut could be modulated with blue and green colors for PCBM and PEDOT:PSS cavities, respectively. Interestingly, although p-type PEDOT:PSS causes danger to the hydrolysis, n-type PCBM is suitable for spin coating, and the conversion gain could be enhanced to 122, 118 and 123% for the brown, yellow and red colors, respectively.
•Solution process of selective color perovskite solar cell for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV).•The selective color was made by organic Fabry-Perot electrode.•Thickness modulation by n-type PCBM and p-type PEDOT:PSS cavities.•Color gamut of PCBM was reddish than that of PEDOT:PSS in CIE1931 diagram.
The proposal of the research mainly employs the surface plasmon resonance of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) to stabilized induction current of hybrid cuprous oxide (Cu2O)/aluminum ...doped zinc oxide nano-rods (AZO NRs) for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. This research investigation concerns the mechanism of formation and surface plasmon resonance. There were mainly three synthesis processes for the hybrid electrode. The first involved the hydrothermal growth of AZO NRs, and the seed layer of AZO was sputtered with different thickness from 35 to 105 nm. The second concerned the deposition of Cu2O on AZO NRs by the method of electrochemical deposition, and the Cu2O films were prepared with different pH value from 3 to 10. The third was concerned with Au and Ag NPs, and they were formed with the hydrothermal method and the seed reduction method, respectively. These NPs were dripped uniformly on the surface of Cu2O/AZO NRs through Nafion dispersants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to verify these formation performances for the Au or Ag NPs/Cu2O/AZO NRs hybrid electrodes. The results showed that the linear range changed from 70.5 to 37.5 and 54.5 mg/dL, and linear regression coefficients (R2) also increased from 0.982 to 0.9965 and 0.997, respectively for Au and Ag NPs modified Cu2O/AZO NRs electrodes.
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•Au or Ag NPs/Cu2O/AZO NRs hybrid electrodes for glucose sensor.•Au or Ag NPs induces the surface plasmon resonance.•AZO NRs fabricated by hydrothermal method.•Cu2O on AZO NRs by the method of electrochemical deposition.
This article presents the first dedicated system-on-chip (SoC) that supports full data analysis workflow for genetic variant discovery for next-generation sequencing (NGS). The SoC implements four ...major steps: preprocessing, short-read mapping, haplotype calling, and variant calling. By adopting the sBWT-based short read mapping and Genome Analysis ToolKit haplotype caller-based variant calling algorithms, this work achieves a comparable precision as the software solutions. The dedicated hardware architecture achieves high parallelism with low hardware complexity. In this SoC, the multitask sorting engine and the dynamic programming processing engine are proposed for essential computing tasks for NGS data analysis. An ARC processor is integrated to facilitate IO interfaces, including a DDR3 PHY. Fabricated in a 28-nm technology, the chip area is 12 mm 2 . It dissipates 975 mW at a clock frequency of 400 MHz from a 0.9-V supply. The SoC is able to complete variant discovery for the whole human genome within 37 min. Compared with an optimized graphic processing unit solution, this work is 66<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> faster and also achieves an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.59\times 10^{4} </tex-math></inline-formula> times higher energy efficiency and 3086<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times </tex-math></inline-formula> higher area efficiency. Verified with the FDA standardized benchmark, the SoC achieves a precision of 99.6%. The prototype system demonstrates the analysis procedure in real time for on-site DNA sequencing.
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