The outbreak of a novel corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in more than 1.7 million laboratory confirmed cases all over the world. Recent studies showed ...that SARS-CoV-2 was likely originated from bats, but its intermediate hosts are still largely unknown. In this study, we assembled the complete genome of a coronavirus identified in 3 sick Malayan pangolins. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that this pangolin coronavirus (pangolin-CoV-2020) is genetically related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as a group of bat coronaviruses but do not support the SARS-CoV-2 emerged directly from the pangolin-CoV-2020. Our study suggests that pangolins are natural hosts of Betacoronaviruses. Large surveillance of coronaviruses in pangolins could improve our understanding of the spectrum of coronaviruses in pangolins. In addition to conservation of wildlife, minimizing the exposures of humans to wildlife will be important to reduce the spillover risks of coronaviruses from wild animals to humans.
The annex A of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2020/2021 Report presented a comprehensive global estimate of frequencies and doses from medical ...exposure to ionizing radiation, their distribution and trends for the period 2009–2018. The annex considered four general categories of medical practice using ionizing radiation: (a) diagnostic radiology, including dental radiology and computed tomography, (b) interventional radiology (image-guided interventional procedures), (c) nuclear medicine, and (d) radiation therapy. In the period 2009–2018, about 4.2 billion medical radiological examinations were performed annually, resulting in an annual effective dose of 0.57 mSv per caput. The use of computed tomography has continued to grow and the contribution from interventional radiology has increased rapidly in recent years. The annual number of radionuclide therapy treatments has increased by 60% since the UNSCEAR 2008 Report, while the number of courses of radiation therapy has increased by 22%. Medical exposure remains by far the largest human-made source of radiation exposure to the public. The Committee's evaluation relies on the collection of up-to-date and representative exposure data from all Member States of the United Nations. Future exposure survey should be more relevant and useful and adapted to changing data sources and changing uses of radiation across the world.
The annex D of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation （UNSCEAR） 2020/2021 Report presented a comprehensive global estimate of occupational exposure to ionizing ...radiation. The worldwide annual number of workers exposed to natural and human-made sources of ionizing radiation was estimated to be approximately 24 million in the period 2010–2014. About 52% of those were employed in the sectors that involve exposure to natural sources of radiation. The worldwide average annual effective dose for all workers during the period 2010–2014 was estimated to be around 1.2 mSv – about two thirds of the value estimated for the period 1995–1999. The annual effective dose was estimated to be around 2.0 mSv for workers exposed to natural sources and 0.5 mSv for workers exposed to human-made sources. The overriding limitation of current evaluation was the low rate of participation by United Nations Member States in providing occupational exposure monitoring data, especially data from non-nuclear sectors and occupational sectors involving naturally occurring radioactive materials. As the assessment of the worldwide occupational exposure is a complex task, the Committee relies on the collection of up-to-date data on occupational exposure from United Nations Member States in a broad range of occupational sectors, and continues collaboration with international organizations.
In the context of recent experimental observations of an unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity, κ_{H}, in insulating La_{2}CuO_{4} (LCO) and SrTiO_{3} (STO), we theoretically explore ...conditions under which acoustic phonons can give rise to such a large κ_{H}. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to κ_{H} are large in proportion to the dielectric constant, ε, and the "flexoelectric" coupling, F. While the intrinsic contribution is still orders of magnitude smaller than the observed effect, an extrinsic contribution proportional to the phonon mean-free path appears likely to account for the observations, at least in STO. We predict a larger intrinsic κ_{H} in certain insulating perovskites.
Severe cognitive decline is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to gray matter loss, significant white matter pathology has been identified in AD patients. Here, we characterized the ...dynamics of myelin generation and loss in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Unexpectedly, we observed a dramatic increase in the rate of new myelin formation in APP/PS1 mice, reminiscent of the robust oligodendroglial response to demyelination. Despite this increase, overall levels of myelination are decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and postmortem AD tissue. Genetically or pharmacologically enhancing myelin renewal, by oligodendroglial deletion of the muscarinic M1 receptor or systemic administration of the pro-myelinating drug clemastine, improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in memory-related tasks and increased hippocampal sharp wave ripples. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of enhancing myelination as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate AD-related cognitive impairment.
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•New myelin formation is increased in adult APP/PS1 mice•Extensive myelin loss occurs in APP/PS1 mice and individuals with AD•Pro-myelinating strategies enhance myelin renewal and alleviate myelin loss in APP/PS1 mice•Enhanced myelin renewal rescues deficits in cognition and hippocampal physiology in APP/PS1 mice
Chen et al. demonstrate that myelin formation is increased in APP/PS1 mice, reminiscent of a regenerative response to extensive demyelination, and that pro-myelinating strategies enhance myelin renewal, rescue cognitive deficits, and increase hippocampal sharp wave ripples in APP/PS1 mice.
With more and more attention to people's psychological cognition and emotion in design, the concept of kansei engineering has been widely used in all kinds of product design. Based on the concepts ...and methods of kansei engineering, the research chooses the long chi inkstone as an example to seek a holistic explanation for the proposed architecture-oriented innovative system in obtaining a series of new design schemes. The system architecture integrates the design method of kansei engineering system into the structure-behavior coalescence (SBC) system architecture description language to show the behavior and components of product characteristics. A model of architecture-oriented kansei engineering long chi inkstone system specification was established. The model will clearly explain how the qualitative and quantitative methods are applied to determine the characteristics, process and kansei information of long chi inkstone design. The design specifications of long chi inkstone is described by the architecture-oriented kansei engineering system. The psychological kansei imagery of consumer groups are explored under the mode of qualitative analysis and quantitative research, and the design elements and details of physical properties of products are obtained. The aesthetic attributes of products are raised to a high level of respect for human nature and reflect its new value. The results indicate that the proposed architecture-oriented kansei engineering system in conjunction with a long chi inkstone design can help designers make the design more effectively than traditional design methods.
Background
To reveal detailed histopathological changes, virus distributions, immunologic properties and multi‐omic features caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 in the explanted lungs from the world's first ...successful lung transplantation of a COVID‐19 patient.
Materials and methods
A total of 36 samples were collected from the lungs. Histopathological features and virus distribution were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Immune cells were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Transcriptome and proteome approaches were used to investigate main biological processes involved in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary fibrosis.
Results
The histopathological changes of the lung tissues were characterized by extensive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and haemorrhage. Viral particles were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. CD3+CD4− T cells, neutrophils, NK cells, γ/δ T cells and monocytes, but not B cells, were abundant in the lungs. Higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines iNOS, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were in the area of mild fibrosis. Multi‐omics analyses revealed a total of 126 out of 20,356 significant different transcription and 114 out of 8,493 protein expression in lung samples with mild and severe fibrosis, most of which were related to fibrosis and inflammation.
Conclusions
Our results provide novel insight that the significant neutrophil/ CD3+CD4− T cell/ macrophage activation leads to cytokine storm and severe fibrosis in the lungs of COVID‐19 patient and may contribute to a better understanding of COVID‐19 pathogenesis.
With the advent of the scientific and technological era, the times and the modernization of China, the requirements and goals of the Political perspective applied to undergraduate universities in the ...Age of Science and Technology are constantly updated, and it is of practical significance to learn from a political perspective college students in the new era of rapid development today. This paper constructs the 4C/ID learning model by finding literature and methods involved and applied in the learning process to realize political learning of college students based on Internet technology and provide some theoretical reference basis for teachers and students of relevant colleges and universities. Taking the study of new ways of political learning of college students as the theoretical basis, through the support of Internet technology, the traditional research ideas discussing the political learning of college students are analyzed, discussions are held around the new ways political level learning, and finally, the 4C/ID learning model of Political learning of college students based on Internet science is constructed. How to improve the political level learning model and open up new related learning pathways is a necessary issue that educators cannot ignore today. The study shows that the 4C/ID learning model of introducing the Internet into the study of college students at the political level technology can develop political level learning to the greatest extent. Based on Internet technology, the curriculum content system political level learning can be deeply explored to promote Xi Jinping’s idea in the new social and technological era of the healthy and vigorous development of socialist culture construction.
Along with the application and popularization of information fusion technology in all fields of life, education informatization is also increasing. In this paper, a scale prediction model is ...introduced based on the Multi-scale Attention Module MAM, composed of CSP-MAM, to detect the position of students in the classroom. Students’ expression changes in the school are identified through face classification, border regression, and face key point localization techniques. Using the data analysis function of the back-end of the information classroom, we obtain students’ classroom interaction information, and with the help of information fusion technology, we fuse the Information of the three classroom dimensions to construct the ideological and political learning evaluation model. In evaluating individual students’ concentration, the frequency of neutral and positive expressions of the five students is 49,960 times higher than that of negative expressions. After the ideological and political informatization teaching, the student’s overall learning effect score is 9.0174, and the three dimensions have been improved by 1.245, 0.9492, and 0.9024, respectively, which shows that the student’s learning concentration and effect under ideological and political informatization education are good.
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