Background In muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with radical cystectomy (RC) is critical in reducing disease recurrence, with GC (gemcitabine and ...cisplatin) being one of the most commonly used NACs. Different GC schedules have been used, but the best neoadjuvant regimen is still unknown. The clinical outcomes of 3 and 4 cycles of neoadjuvant GC are compared in this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine which is best for patients with MIBC. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WAN FANG DATA, and meeting abstracts to identify relevant studies up to March 2023. Studies that compared 3 and 4 cycles of neoadjuvant GC for MIBC were included. The primary outcomes were pCR, pDS, OS, and CSS. The secondary outcome was recurrence and SAEs. Results A total of 3 studies, with 1091 patients, were included in the final analysis. Patients that received 4 cycles of GC had a higher pCR (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.87; p = 0.003) and pDS (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48-0.84; p = 0.002) than those who received 3 cycles. Regarding recurrence rate (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.91-1.65; p = 0.18), there were no appreciable differences between the 3 and 4 cycles of GC. Survival parameters such as OS (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86-2.12; p = 0.19) and CSS (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82-1.38; p = 0.20) were similar. Only one trial reported on the outcomes of SAEs. And there were no statistically significant differences in thrombocytopenia, infection rate, neutropenic fever, anemia, or decreased renal function between patients. The neutropenia of patients was statistically different (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.99; p = 0.04). Conclusion The 4-cycle GC regimen was superior to the 3-cycle regimen in only the pCR and pDS results. Survival and recurrence rates were similar between the two regimens. In both treatment regimes, the toxicity profile was manageable. However, due to the inherent drawbacks of retrospective research, this should be regarded with caution. Keywords: Bladder cancer, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin
The demand for the ubiquitous detection of gases in complex environments is driving the design of highly specific gas sensors for the development of the Internet of Things, such as indoor air quality ...testing, human exhaled disease detection, monitoring gas emissions, etc. The interaction between analytes and bioreceptors can described as a "lock-and-key", in which the specific catalysis between enzymes and gas molecules provides a new paradigm for the construction of high-sensitivity and -specificity gas sensors. The electrochemical method has been widely used in gas detection and in the design and construction of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors, in which the specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is determined by a specific functional domain or recognition interface, which is the active site of the enzyme that can specifically catalyze the gas reaction, and the electrode-solution interface, where the chemical reaction occurs, respectively. As a result, the engineering design of the enzyme electrode interface is crucial in the process of designing and constructing enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. In this review, we summarize the design of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. We particularly focus on the main concepts of enzyme electrodes and the selection and design of materials, as well as the immobilization of enzymes and construction methods. Furthermore, we discuss the fundamental factors that affect electron transfer at the enzyme electrode interface for electrochemical gas sensors and the challenges and opportunities related to the design and construction of these sensors.
In the development of a Ka -band overmoded Cerenkov oscillator, the issue of asymmetric modes competition should be paid attention to as they can be potentially excited in the overmoded cavity and ...then affect the performance of device seriously. Based on the 3-D models, the influences of the structural parameter such as " ldr " on the resonance characteristics for the symmetric modes and the asymmetric modes are analyzed. Then according to the start conditions for the modes, the roles of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{E}_{z} </tex-math></inline-formula>-field distribution and the guiding magnetic field in spurring the asymmetric modes are discussed and accordingly the ways to alleviate the asymmetric modes competition are suggested. The 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results show that, with the proposed conditions, the optimized device is operating stably with a purified output mode of TM 01 . Finally, the optimized structure is experimentally tested. In accordance with the theoretical prediction and the simulation results, the experimental results show that under specific conditions the asymmetric modes are very likely to be excited and they can even dominate the beam-wave interaction process. Nevertheless, using the proposed method, the output mode is pure of TM 01 , demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method in suppressing the asymmetric modes competition.
The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology. Proteins are extensively used as ...biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects. Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody-antigen binding principle in immunology. However, the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix, which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity. Therefore, electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors. In this review, we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection. We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer, viral infectious diseases, inflammation, and other diseases. The corresponding sensitive materials, transducer structures, and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally. Finally, we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.
Mechanism and Acquisition in Portable ECG Monitors Li, Chen; Wu, Yao; Zhou, Lanpeng
2022 International Conference on Electronics and Devices, Computational Science (ICEDCS),
2022-Sept.
Conference Proceeding
In recent years, with the development of the social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, cardiovascular disease has gradually become an important cause of morbidity and ...mortality. The detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease is also a hot issue in current medical treatment. Therefore, the accurate and efficient collection and processing of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have important research significance for the monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. The portable ECG acquisition device with strong anti-interference ability and long battery life has become a research focus in recent years. In view of the research status of portable ECG monitoring instruments at home and abroad, this paper aimed to give a detailed introduction to the corresponding progress in the ECG mechanism and acquisition with an exhaustive discussion. Specifically, the basic principle and signal characteristics of ECG, and the amplifier circuit would be involved. The work could provide a fundamental reference for those engaged in designing portable ECG devices or relevant learners.
