Person re-identification aims to retrieve the pedestrian across different cameras. It is still a challenging task for the intelligent visual surveillance system because of similar appearances, camera ...shooting angles, scene illumination, and pedestrian pose. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stream network named spatial segmentation network that learns both the global and local features in a unified framework for nonaligned person re-identification. One stream focuses on spatial feature learning using global adaptive average pooling in deep convolutional neural networks. Another stream is utilized to learn the fine local features by adopting horizontal average pooling without division that depends on the pose predictor. To assess the importance ranking of all features, we also obtain the performance of every part feature and global features. Our evaluation of the proposed method on Market-1501 acquires 94.51% Rank-1 and 90.78% mAP, that on DukeMTMC-re-ID acquires 87.52% Rank-1 and 84.82% mAP, and that on CHUK03-detected acquires 69.71% Rank-1 and 71.67% mAP; these findings verify the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) can result in atrial functional mitral regurgitation (MR), but the mechanism remains controversial. Few data about the relationship between the 3-dimensional morphology of ...the MV and the degree of MR in AF exist.
Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) of the MV was acquired in 168 patients with AF (57.7% persistent AF), including 25 (14.9%) patients with moderate to severe MR (the MR+ group) and 25 patients without AF as controls. The 3-dimensional geometry of the MV apparatus was acquired using dedicated quantification software.
Compared with the group of patients with no or mild MR (the MR- group) and the controls, the MR+ group had a larger left atrium (LA), a more dilated mitral annulus (MA), a reduced annular height to commissural width ratio (AHCWR), indicating flattening of the annular saddle shape, and greater leaflet surfaces and tethering. MR severity was correlated with the MA area (r
= 0.43, P < 0.01) and the annulus circumference (r
= 0.38, P < 0.01). A logistic regression analysis indicated that the MA area (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, P < 0.01), AHCWR (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14-0.35, P = 0.04) and MV tenting volume (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.16-9.08, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of MR severity in AF patients.
The mechanisms of "atrial functional MR" are complex and include dilation of the MA, flattening of the annular saddle shape and greater leaflet tethering.
Studies have contended that neurotypical Japanese individuals exhibit consistent color-shape associations (red-circle, yellow-triangle, and blue-square) and those color-shape associations could be ...constructed by common semantic information between colors and shapes through learning and/or language experiences. Here, we conducted two experiments using a direct questionnaire survey and an indirect behavioral test (Implicit Association Test), to examine whether the construction of color-shape associations entailed phonological information by comparing color-shape associations in deaf and hearing participants. The results of the direct questionnaire showed that deaf and hearing participants had similar patterns of color-shape associations (red-circle, yellow-triangle, and blue-square). However, deaf participants failed to show any facilitated processing of congruent pairs in the IAT tasks as hearing participants did. The present results suggest that color-shape associations in deaf participants may not be strong enough to be proved by the indirect behavior tasks and relatively weaker in comparison to hearing participants. Thus, phonological information likely plays a role in the construction of color-shape associations.
Graphite felt is a felt-like porous material made of high-temperature carbonized polymers. It is widely used in electrode materials because of its good temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, ...large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. In this paper, the surface functional group modification is of graphite felt electrodes (mainly nitrogen doping modification, nitrogen–sulfur or nitrogen–boron co-doping modification) and surface catalytic modification (metal/ion surface modification and metal oxide surface modification as Main). There are two main methods and research progresses to improve the performance of graphite felt electrodes, and the comprehensive performance of surface functional group-modified graphite felt electrodes and surface catalytically modified graphite felt electrodes are compared respectively. The results show that both surface functional group modification and surface catalytic modification can improve the comprehensive performance of graphite felt electrodes. In this paper, the future development direction of graphite felt activation modification is also prospected.
We report a sensitive LC (liquid chromatography)/MS/MS assay using selected reaction monitoring to quantify RA (retinoic acid), which is applicable to biological samples of limited size (10-20 mg of ...tissue wet weight), requires no sample derivatization, provides mass identification and resolves atRA (all-trans-RA) from its geometric isomers. The assay quantifies over a linear range of 20 fmol to 10 pmol, and has a 10 fmol limit of detection at a signal/noise ratio of 3. Coefficients of variation are: instrumental, 0.5-2.9%; intra-assay, 5.4+/-0.4%; inter-assay 8.9+/-1.0%. An internal standard (all-trans-4,4-dimethyl-RA) improves accuracy by confirming extraction efficiency and revealing handling-induced isomerization. Tissues of 2-4-month-old C57BL/6 male mice had atRA concentrations of 7-9.6 pmol/g and serum atRA of 1.9+/-0.6 pmol/ml (+/-S.E.M.). Tissue 13-cis-RA ranged from 2.9 to 4.2 pmol/g, and serum 13-cis-RA was 1.2+/-0.3 pmol/ml. CRBP (cellular retinol-binding protein)-null mouse liver had atRA approximately 30% lower than wild-type (P<0.05), but kidney, testis, brain and serum atRA were similar to wild-type. atRA in brain areas of 12-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were (+/-S.E.M.): whole brain, 5.4+/-0.4 pmol/g; cerebellum, 10.7+/-0.3 pmol/g; cortex, 2.6+/-0.4 pmol/g; hippocampus, 8.4+/-1.2 pmol/g; striatum, 15.3+/-4.7 pmol/g. These data provide the first analytically robust quantification of atRA in animal brain and in CRBP-null mice. Direct measurements of endogenous RA should have a substantial impact on investigating target tissues of RA, mechanisms of RA action, and the relationship between RA and chronic disease.
This study was conducted to determine whether, and if so how, the grain yield and nitrogen (N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage (NT) practices. ...A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, from 2004 to 2014. Grain yield and yield attributes (panicle number per m2, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics (total N uptake, internal N-use efficiency, and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage (CT). A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics between CT and NT. Averaged across the 11 years, grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha?1and 20.2 kg t?1under CT and 9.33 t ha?1and 20.0 kg t?1under NT, respectively. There were significant yearly variations in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT. The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index. Also, it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements. It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT. The results of this study suggest that (1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings, and (2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.
Objective: To summarize the reported evidence on the relationship between vasoactive amines and preeclampsia. Methods: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE. Results: The ...summarized results are as follows: (1) Menstruation can effectively eliminate vasoactive amines norepinephrine, serotonin and histamine. (2) Pregnancy increases norepinephrine production due to fetal brain development and decreases vasoactive-amine elimination due to amenorrhea. (3) Preeclampsia is associated with a low renal and/or sweating capacity, or in rare cases, with increased norepinephrine production due to maternal pheochromocytoma and fetal neuroblastoma. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is mainly due to decreased excretion of norepinephrine and other vasoactive amines.
The definition of the subscapular bursa （SSB） remains controversial.One researcher demonstrated that SSB was a separate pouch.l However,others believed that SSB was actually the superior ...subscapularis recess （SSR）,which is an outpouching of the glenohumeral joint capsule.4 Whether or not the SSB and SSR are two different bursae must be confirmed.Furthermore,the fluid in the SSR revealed in magnetic resonance （MR） imaging has been regarded as an indication for a diagnosis of frozen shoulder.3 Considering that the SSB and SSR are two different structures with a close spatial relationship,recognition of the MR appearance of SSB might have important diagnostic implications.The purposes of this study were to describe the anatomy of the SSB using a three-dimensional （3D） visualization technique based on the Chinese visible human （CVH） and to explore the MR appearance of the SSB.
CO poisoning of Pt-group metal catalysts is a long-standing problem, particularly for hydrogen oxidation reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, we report a catalyst of Ru oxide-coated ...Ru supported on TiO2 (Ru@RuO2/TiO2), which can tolerate 1–3% CO, enhanced by about 2 orders of magnitude over the classic PtRu/C catalyst, for hydrogen electrooxidation in a rotating disk electrode test. This catalyst can work stably in 1% CO/H2 for 50 h. About 20% of active sites can survive even in a pure CO environment. The high CO tolerance is not via a traditional bifunctional mechanism, i.e., oxide promoting CO oxidation, but rather via hydrous metal oxide shell blocking CO adsorption. An ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation indicates that water confined in grain boundaries of the Ru oxide layer and Ru surface can suppress the diffusion and adsorption of CO. This oxide blocking layer approach opens a promising avenue for the design of high CO-tolerant electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Grain-boundary engineering is pivotal to fully utilize the mechanical, electrical, and thermal-transport properties of various materials. However, current methods in metallurgy rely almost ...exclusively on top-down approaches, making precise grain-boundary engineering, especially at nanoscale, difficult to achieve. Herein, we report a method to produce tailored grain-boundary conditions with nanoscale precision from colloidal metal nanocrystals through surface treatment followed by a pressure-sintering process. The resulting bulk grain-boundary materials (which we call “nanocrystal coins”) possess a metal-like appearance and conductivity while inheriting the original domain features of the nanocrystal building blocks. Nanoindentation measurements confirmed the superior mechanical hardness of the obtained materials. Further, we use this method to fabricate, for the first time, a single-component bulk metallic glass from amorphous palladium nanoparticles. Our discovery may spur the development of new materials whose functionality crucially depends on the domain configuration at nanoscale, such as superhard materials, thermoelectric generators, and functional electrodes.
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•Fabrication of bulk grain-boundary materials from eight kinds of metal nanoparticles•Precise nanoscale grain-boundary engineering using nanocrystals•Emerging the Hall-Petch effect to enhance mechanical hardness of the materials•The first example of a single-component bulk metallic glass
Enhancing materials’ properties through grain-boundary (GB) engineering has been broadly employed in various scenes, ranging from an ancient “striking while the iron is hot” approach to modern state-of-the-art techniques. However, precisely controlling the GB condition of bulk materials at the nanometer scale has proven to be extremely challenging. In this work, we discover a new GB engineering approach, i.e., a nanocrystal (NC)-coining process, through consolidating premade NCs into bulk GB materials under pressure. By using surface-engineered metal NCs as the building blocks of “nanograins,” free-standing metal pieces (which we call “NC coins”) with designed nanometer-sized domains can be produced. These NC coins show metallic appearance, conductivity, and enhanced mechanical hardness. Our method allows us to create the first single-component bulk metallic glass from amorphous palladium nanoparticles.
We propose a new concept, the nanocrystal (NC)-coining process, to produce bulk materials with precisely tailored nanoscale grain-boundary conditions. By consolidating surface-engineered NCs into bulk materials using pressure, we can fabricate free-standing NC coins with metallic appearance and conductivity, while preserving the original NC domain feature. The obtained NC coins show enhanced mechanical hardness due to the Hall-Petch effect. With this method, we have created the first example of a bulk single-component metallic glass from amorphous palladium nanoparticles.
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